Introduction: The ideal timing to initiate orthodontic treatment is an important, yet controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the provision of orthodontic care for 7 types of skeletal dysplasia by paediatric dentists and orthodontists in Canada. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected orthodontists (N=140) and paediatric dentists (N=132) throughout Canada. Surveys returned within 8 weeks were included for c2 statistical analysis. Results: The response rate was 59% for orthodontists and 54% for pediatric dentists. Orthodontists and pediatric dentists differed significantly in the timing of their first orthodontic consultation (p < 0.01). More pediatric dentists used to the dental age to determine the appropriate time to initiate treatment (p < 0.01), whereas more orthodontists relied on the pubertal indicators (p < 0.01). More orthodontists would intervene in the early mixed dentition for moderate mandibular prognathia (p < 0.01); mid-mixed dentition for severe mandibular retrognathia (p < 0.01), late mixed dentition for moderate mandibular retrognathia (p < 0.01) and permanent dentition for skeletal openbite and severe mandibular prognathia (p < 0.01). Most pediatric dentists would intervene in the early and mid-mixed dentition for the specified cases of skeletal malocclusions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this investigation indicate both consistencies and variation between orthodontic and paediatric practitioners with regard to preference in treatment timing, and the factors that influence these decisions.

As new adhesive products become available in restorative dentistry, investigating their potential application for orthodontic use is warranted. Vertise Flow (Kerr) is a self-adhering flowable resin and is being marketed for use as a sealant, porcelain repair and small class I restorations. It has potential for use as an orthodontic adhesive. Objective: Determine if Vertise Flow (Kerr) is suitable for bonding fixed orthodontic appliances to enamel, restorative resin composite and porcelain with minimal surface preparation. Methods: Shear Bond Strengths (SBS) from six (6) groups of fifteen (15) bonded stainless steel lingual buttons (Ormco) were obtained over three time points (24hr, 7 days, and 3 months). The six test groups were: 1.Vertise Flow to enamel (Tt) with coarse pumice debridement, 2. Transbond XT (3M, Unitek) to enamel (Tc) with phosphoric acid etching [control], 3.Vertise Flow to Herculite Ultra (Kerr) (Cc) with coarse pumice debridement, 4. Vertise Flow to Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M, ESPE) (Ct) with coarse pumice debridement, 5. Vertise Flow (Kerr) to porcelain (Pt) with diamond bur roughening, and 6. Transbond XT (3M Unitek) to porcelain (Pc) with hydrofluoric acid etching. Samples were stored in distilled water and incubated at 37C. The buttons were then debonded with a Zwick Universal Testing machine using a 10 kN load cell with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. Debonded buttons were evaluated based on a modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Statistical assessment of the data was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests, with p<0.05 as the threshold for statistical significance. Results: The mean SBS obtained in all groups at each time point were >4MPa and varied between 8.69MPa and 27.44MPa. Statistical differences were found within the composite and porcelain groups at T1, and the enamel and composite groups at both T2 and T3. Nearly half of the sample (47.2%) achieved an ARI score of 5 (100% adhesive left on button base). Conclusion: Vertise Flow potentially provides clinically acceptable bond strengths to enamel, restorative resin composite and porcelain with minimal surface preparation. Furthermore, upon removal, minimal adhesive clean-up is required thus saving valuable chair time. Based on the results in this study, future in vivo investigation is suggested.

Introduction: The ideal timing to initiate orthodontic treatment is an important, yet controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the provision of orthodontic care for 7 types of skeletal dysplasia by paediatric dentists and orthodontists in Canada. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected orthodontists (N=140) and paediatric dentists (N=132) throughout Canada. Surveys returned within 8 weeks were included for c2 statistical analysis. Results: The response rate was 59% for orthodontists and 54% for pediatric dentists. Orthodontists and pediatric dentists differed significantly in the timing of their first orthodontic consultation (p < 0.01). More pediatric dentists used to the dental age to determine the appropriate time to initiate treatment (p < 0.01), whereas more orthodontists relied on the pubertal indicators (p < 0.01). More orthodontists would intervene in the early mixed dentition for moderate mandibular prognathia (p < 0.01); mid-mixed dentition for severe mandibular retrognathia (p < 0.01), late mixed dentition for moderate mandibular retrognathia (p < 0.01) and permanent dentition for skeletal openbite and severe mandibular prognathia (p < 0.01). Most pediatric dentists would intervene in the early and mid-mixed dentition for the specified cases of skeletal malocclusions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this investigation indicate both consistencies and variation between orthodontic and paediatric practitioners with regard to preference in treatment timing, and the factors that influence these decisions.

The controversy surrounding the role of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction led to this study. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence and compare the status of signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction in four groups of adolescents and young adults. The groups consisted of 14 persons with normal occlusions, 23 with untreated malocclusions, 20 with malocclusions currently undergoing treatment, and 18 with treated malocclusions. The Helkimo index was used to collect the TMJ dysfunction data. The results showed that the untreated malocclusion group had the most number of persons with signs and symptoms of dysfunction, but the differences between the groups in the distribution of persons according to the anamnestic and clinical dysfunction indices were not statistically significant. There were also no statistically significant differences in the distribution of signs and symptoms between boys and girls. According to anamnesis, the most frequently reported symptoms were joint sounds and headaches or neckaches occurring more than twice a week. Amongst the clinical signs and symptoms, the<br /> most commonly occurring were joint sounds on auscultation and muscle tenderness on palpation. In light of the small study sample and the absence of any substantial differences between the four groups, the role of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment in the aetiology of TMJ dysfunction remains obscure.

The development of a uniform method of epidemiological assessment and grading of malocclusion has been of interest for several decades. Recently, Daniels and Richmond (2000) proposed a new orthodontic index namely the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). Their aim was to develop a single index for assessing treatment inputs and outcomes.<br /> <br /> The aim of this study was to critique the ICON and to assess to the extent to which each component of the ICON fulfils the ideal requirements of the ideal index as identified in a World Health Organization Report (WHO, 1966). The study was performed in three parts: 1) a gold standard was established to test reliability and validity of the ICON / 2) to assess ease of use and simplicity of the index / 3) and to test the applicability of the index on patients and study casts. The results showed that the ICON identified 25% of the cases as &lsquo / no treatment&rsquo / , as apposed to the 100% of the gold standard. Validity of the index was shown to be &lsquo / poor&rsquo / for complexity (? = 0.2) and degree of improvement (? = 0.34) and &lsquo / excellent&rsquo / for outcome. Reliability was high for all the components except for treatment need (? = 0.63). This study concluded that except for complexity and degree of improvement, the index performed well with respects to reliability, validity (of treatment outcome), ease of use and simplicity and applicability to patient and study casts.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-40). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Dentistry, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 167-179.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-95).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1972. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-30). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M. D. S.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Also available in print.