This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of the use of phytohormones in cultivation of young fruit trees. It includes a description of phytohormones and their effects on tree nursery yield. Four variants of products promoting branching, containing different active agents and concentrations, were experimentally applied on a set of plum tree varieties in a tree nursery. In the experiment, there was a control sample of plum trees without this treatment. The experiment was performed according to a predetermined methodology for the selection of varieties, well-defined dosage of the agents, development of young plants, concentration of the agents and the method of application. The trees were treated in a standard way within the nursery working. The photo documentation was taken continuously, the first documentation ten days after the last treatment in June, the second in mid-July and the last before the ploughing out in October. The experiment was evaluated according to predetermined criteria, especially by number of branches in the tree crowns. These data were adapted into chart evaluating the effectiveness of products and graphs were prepared for each variety and quality category of the yields. From these processed results, the products promoting branching without nipping off can be recommended for practical use on specific varieties. In this experiment, the most effective substance was 6-benzyladenine acid contained in the product Globaryll. Still, as a result of its use, the trees formed branches of the second and third grade and the crowns were too dense. This effect could probably have been avoided by using a lower concentration or single application of the agent. The obtained results of this experiment strongly support the effectiveness of the phytohormones on branching trees in the nurseries. This treatment makes qualitative shift in the cultivation of young fruit trees.

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Main topic of this master thesis evaluates deseases and disorders on the school farm of Mendel University Brno. Following fruit trees were closely monitored between May and October 2015: Actinidia chinensis, peach, dogwood, pear, mountain ash, quince, almond, medlar, mulberry, juneberry, sea buckthorn and Rosa villosa. The most serious disease fire blight was not observerd at all, probably because all quince orchards nearby were chopped down several years ago. However there were other serious diseases observerd such as fading of annual shoot of sea buckthorn and mildew on juneberry. Amelanchier lamarcki species were affected more with mildew than A. alnifolia species. There were abiotic disorder observed on mountain ash due to lack of minerals, together with ringfleck mosaic. The least important disease symptoms were observed on peach, dogwood, pear, almond, mountain ash, quince a Rosa villosa. Medlar and mulberry were free from all diseases. All in all, the most important is to keep the right cultivation technique and early removal of infected and cracked branches. Juneberry also requires chemical treatment.

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