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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effect of irrigation levels and frequencies and types and volumes of substrate in the acclimatization of micropropagated sedlings of ornamental pineaple(Ananas comusus var. erectifolius) / Efeitos de lÃminas e frequÃncias de irrigaÃÃo e de tipos e volumes de substrato na aclimatizaÃÃo de mudas micropropagadas de abacaxizeira ornamental

Guilherme Vieira do Bomfim 21 October 2006 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O abacaxizeiro ornamental à uma espÃcie rÃstica e exÃtica que produz âfloresâ de grande beleza, apreciadas por consumidores do mundo inteiro. Atualmente, em decorrÃncia da alta demanda do mercado consumidor, a cultura està sendo produzida em escala comercial por meio da micropropagaÃÃo, uma tÃcnica da cultura de tecidos que apresenta cinco etapas igualmente importantes. Uma delas, a aclimatizaÃÃo, à uma fase muito crÃtica, pois costuma responder pelos altos Ãndices de mortalidade e baixas taxas de crescimento das plantas. Essa situaÃÃo ocorre porque as poucas informaÃÃes sobre o manejo da cultura nessa fase sÃo, na maioria das vezes, baseadas no empirismo. Assim, as plantas aclimatizadas acabam nÃo sendo atendidas em todas as suas necessidades, o que leva a perdas considerÃveis e/ou a obtenÃÃo de mudas de qualidade variÃvel. Para minimizar esse problema e preencher a lacuna existente com informaÃÃes tÃcnicas e cientÃficas sobre o adequado manejo da cultura, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de distintas lÃminas e freqÃÃncias de irrigaÃÃo e de diferentes tipos e volumes de substrato na aclimatizaÃÃo de mudas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiro ornamental (Ananas comosus var. erectifolius). A pesquisa, que constou de quatro experimentos, foi conduzida em um viveiro pertencente a Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical, situada no municÃpio de Fortaleza-CE (3Â44â S e 38Â33â W). No primeiro experimento foram analisadas quatro lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo: 1, 2, 3 e 4 mm de Ãgua. As plantas contidas em tubetes de 180 cm3 e cultivadas no substrato pÃ-de-coco verde com hÃmus de minhoca (3:1) receberam as diferentes lÃminas dâÃgua em duas irrigaÃÃes diÃrias. No segundo experimento foram estudadas quatro freqÃÃncias de rega: 1, 2, 3 e 4 irrigaÃÃes ao dia. As plantas cultivadas em tubetes de 180 cm3, contendo o substrato pÃ-de-coco verde com hÃmus de minhoca (3:1), foram irrigadas com uma lÃmina de 3 mm de Ãgua. No terceiro experimento foram testadas quatro distintas combinaÃÃes de substratos na proporÃÃo 3:1: pÃ-de-coco seco com VitasoloÂ; pÃ-de-coco seco com hÃmus de minhoca; pÃ-de-coco verde com Vitasolo e pÃ-de-coco verde com hÃmus de minhoca. As plantas contidas em tubetes de 180 cm3 e cultivadas nos diferentes substratos foram irrigadas com uma lÃmina dâÃgua de 3 mm, aplicada duas vezes ao dia. No quarto experimento foram avaliados quatro tipos de recipiente: tubete de 300 cm3; tubete de 180 cm3; bandeja de 40 cm3âcÃlula−1 e bandeja de 30 cm3âcÃlula−1. As mudas contidas nos recipientes foram cultivadas no substrato pÃ-de-coco verde com hÃmus de minhoca (3:1) e irrigadas com uma lÃmina dâÃgua de 3 mm, aplicada duas vezes ao dia. As variÃveis agronÃmicas, avaliadas aos 52 e aos 83 DAT, foram o nÃmero de folhas, a maior largura da 3 folha e o maior diÃmetro da roseta. Entre os 93 e 97 DAT, analisaram-se os pesos fresco e seco das partes aÃrea e radicular. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetiÃÃes para as variÃveis relacionadas com o desenvolvimento foliar, e 4 tratamentos e 4 repetiÃÃes para as variÃveis relacionadas com o peso da planta. Os resultados dos experimentos evidenciaram o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiro ornamental quando: irrigadas com as lÃminas de 1 mm atà os 52 DAT e de 2 mm atà os 83 DAT; submetidas à freqÃÃncia de duas aplicaÃÃes diÃrias da lÃmina dâÃgua durante todo o experimento; o substrato utilizado foi formado pela combinaÃÃo pÃ-de-coco seco com hÃmus de minhoca e cultivadas em tubetes de 180 cm3. / The ornamental pineapple is a rustic and exotic spe cies that it produces "flowers" of great beauty, appreciated by consumers of the whole world . In the present time, due to the high demand of the consumer market, the culture is being produced in commercial scale through the micropropagation, a tissue culture technique th at presents five important stages. One of them, the acclimatization, is a very critic phase b ecause it answers for the high death rates and low growth rates of the plants. This happens becaus e the little information about the culture management in this phase is based on the empiricism most of the time. Therefore, the needs of acclimatized plants are not meet, what takes to considerable losses and/or acquisition of seedlings of variable quality. To minimize this pro blem and to fill out the existent gap with technical and scientific information about the appr opriate culture management, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of differe nt irrigation levels and frequencies and different types and volumes of substrate in the acc limatization of micropropagated seedlings of ornamental pineapple (Ananas comosusvar.erectifolius ). The research was carried out in a greenhouse of the Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, located at Fortaleza-CE (3Â44' S and 38Â33' W) and it consisted of four experiments. Four irrigation levels were analyzed in the first experiment: 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm. The plants, cultivated in the green coir dust substrate with wormcompost (3:1) in 180 cm 3 plastic containers, were irrigated twice a day. Four watering frequencies were studied in the second experiment: 1, 2, 3 and 4 irrigations by the day. The plants were cultivated in 180 cm 3 plastic containers that contained green coir dust substrate with wormcompost (3:1) and they were irrigated with a 3 mm water level. Four different combinations of substrate were tested in the third experiment 3:1: dry coir dust with Vitasolo Â; dry coir dust with wormcompost; green coir dust substrate with Vitasolo and green coir dust substrate with wormcompost. The plants, cultivated in the different substrates in 180 cm3 plastic containers, were irrigated with a 3 mm water level twice a day. Four plastic container types were evaluated in the fourth experi ment: 300 cm 3 plastic container; 180 cm 3 plastic container; tray of 40 cm 3Âcell −1 and tray of 30 cm 3 Âcell −1 . The seedlings were cultivated in the green coir dust substrate with wormcompost (3:1) and they were irrigated with a 3 mm water level twice a day. At 52 and 83 days after the transplant, number of leaves, largest width of the 3rd leaf and largest diameter of the r osette were evaluated. Between 93 and 97 days, root and shoot fresh/dry weight were analyzed . The experimental design was a randomized block with 4 treatments and 5 repetition s for the variables related to foliar development, and with 4 treatments and 4 repetition s for the variables related to plant weight. Results evidenced the best development of the micro propagated ornamental pineapple seedlings when: were irrigated with a 1 mm water level at 52 DAT and with a 2 mm at 83 DAT; were irrigated twice a day during whole experiment; were cultivated in 180 cm 3 plastic containers and when the substrate used was composed by dry coir dust and wormcompost.

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