In our work we have studied the ultrasonic imaging systems and their use in ophthalmology, especially with the device Nidek 4000. We described ophthalmological examination methods. In addition, we are using the simulation program Field II. It simulated eye phantom and created his B-scan and biometry, where we compared the effects of different central frequency ultrasonic probes and different speeds of sound in the resulting values. We also created phantoms using agarose gel and materials of different properties. On phantoms, we studied the effect of the velocity of ultrasound in measurement results, effect of the concentration of the agarose gel to the velocity of sound. And we created phantoms simulating the human eye. Measurement protocol was created for use in teaching.

The thesis deals with physical principles of ultrasound with following specialization on ophtalmic ultrasound system Nidek Echoscan 4000 and its properties. And also it deals with description of investigative techniques in ophthalmology (A-mode, B-mode, biometry and pachymetry). Next, they was suggested procedures of measurement and that is spatial resolution (axial and lateral spatial resolution) and propagation speed of ultrasound depending on the temperature. Then these properties was tested on laboratory phantoms of eye – ETETECH LTD. and Multipurpose Ultrasound Phantom but on created phantoms of eye too, which will be made from agarose gel with build-in materail (fishing line, plastic film, plastic bag and rubber). At the end, measured values was processed in the generated program.

In this work is describe anatomy and physiology of the cornea. The following are the primary non-inflamatory degeneration of the cornea. Then describe the physical principles diagnostic devices for cornea – keratometer, pachymeter, Michelson interferometr and optical coherence tomography (OCT). At the end of the theoretical introduction is describes the principle of laser correction surgery – LASIK. The practical part is divided into two main objectives. The first task is propose an algorithm for automatic detection of corneal surface and then calculation of corneal thickness and size of the chamber angle in Matlab. The aim of the second task is image flap analysis for boundary detection.