Aspects of the life history of Lycodopsis pacifica (Collett) 1879 were studied during the period September 1965 to November 1966. Two areas in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, were investigated. Trawls were used as sampling devices. Sexually mature individuals were collected during the period September to January. Lycodopsis pacifica has a remarkably small complement of mature eggs (average complement 30.4), The mature eggs are large, with an average diameter of 5.0 mm. Sexual dimorphism is present. Males start to grow faster than females at approximately 170 mm in length. The older males are' larger than females. There is some evidence that parental care is involved in the reproductive behaviour of the species. Age was estimated by counting the annular rings on otoliths. Both males and females ranged up to five years of age. The age-length relationship for both sexes is presented. The length-weight relationship of the species is described. The food spectrum of Lycodopsis pacifica was determined. At outer Burrard Inlet, the species feeds primarily on infaunal invertebrates of the Phyla Mollusca and Annelida, and the Sub-phylum Crustacea, The place of L. pacifica in the bottom community is considered. The anatomy of structures associated with feeding are described. Visual and "chemical" senses are probably important in food-getting behaviour. The feeding adaptations and food of the species is discussed in relation to sediment type. L. pacifica is probably not specialized to remove infaunal food items from one type of sediment. It was assumed that Lycodopsis pacifica would aggregate where high concentrations of infaunal organisms suitable as food would be found. At outer Burrard Inlet, high numbers were caught on several sediment types, ranging from silt-sand to silt. At the Cape Lazo area, catches of L, pacifica were highest on a silt sediment. The species is likely capable of foraging on a range of sediment types. Some factors affecting the infauna are discussed, and the usefullness of simple mechanical analysis of sediments in benthic ecology is questioned. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School. / Bibliography: leaves 126-128.

Temperature, salinity, and other, undefined properties of sea water have been suggested as factors acting to limit the distribution of planktonic organisms through the stresses they impose. The aim of this study was to examine experimentally the effects of changes in these properties on the respiration of Euphausia pacifica Hansen. Both immediate and long term effects of changes in these properties were examined. Assessments of the immediate effects of changes in temperature and salinity on the animals' respiratory rate demonstrated that a sharp reduction in respiratory rate could be used as an indication of stress. The results of these same experiments showed that as the values of temperature and salinity approached the limits of tolerance, the effects of stresses from them interact. The long term effects of changes in temperature and salinity were investigated by determining the limits of these factors that were tolerable to specimens from areas in which the characteristic temperatures and salinities of the water were different. Specimens from the water having the greatest range of values of temperature and salinity (coastal) possessed the greatest tolerance to changes in temperature and salinity; specimens from water having the least range of temperature and salinity (oceanic) had the least tolerance. The tolerances to changes in temperature and salinity observed in these experiments indicated that the distribution of E. pacifica in British Columbia coastal waters was not likely to be influenced by changes in temperature and salinity except near the surface, where the salinity may become low and the temperature high or very low. Experiments taking advantage of the interaction between the effects of temperature and salinity were used to establish that other properties of sea water, while undefined, could impose stress on adult E. pacifica. At the same time a method of assessing the effects of changes in undefined properties between sea waters through a comparison of respiratory rates obtained under standard conditions was developed. The results of experiments in which changes in undefined properties of sea waters collected at two depths in each of two locations were examined indicate that these properties appear to be a function of the origin of the particular water. They also indicate that differences between waters in these properties did not affect the distribution of E. pacifica within either of the two areas investigated, namely the Strait of Georgia and Indian Arm. The results did indicate, however, that populations of E. pacifica were present in each of these areas in which inverse reactions to the same set of undefined properties existed. Presumably these result from persistent differences in undefined properties between the waters resident in each of the two areas. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

vi, 58 p. ; ill., maps. A print copy of this title is available from the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology library, under the call number OIMB QL391.A6 W5. / The tube hood orientation of Pista pacifica is non-random and related to current direction. Results from field measurements and from one flow tank experiment suggest that Pista pacifica build their tube hoods at right angles to local currents, and perhaps away from the direction of any sediment transport which may occur normal to the prevalent current direction. By orienting their tube hoods perpendicular to water currents, the animals may be making use of the kinetic energy of the water motion around them to generate a tube ventilation current. This current may in turn lessen the energetic needs of the worms by providing internal ventilation and sediment flushing currents at little energetic cost to the organism. / Adviser: Robert C. Terwilliger

Arginase has been found to occur in the tentacles, gut, and body wall of Pista pacifica Berkeley_ Partially purified arginase from the intestine has a molecular weight of 200,000, a Km of about 155 mM, an arginase/canavanase ratio of 22, a pH optimum of 10.5, and a temperature optimum of 60°C. In addition, P. pacifica arginase is competitively inhibited by ornithine but is not inhibited by high arginine concentrations, nor by sulfhydryl reagents. The enzyme is not stimulated by exogenous manganese and breaks down into an active subunit under harsh treatment. The subunit has a KID of about 118 mM and is also unaffected by exogenous manganese. Polychaete arginase shows most of the properties characteristic of arginases from other animal and plant species. However, none of the characteristics observed to date can be correlated with a particular mode of nitrotelism.

Metridia lucens and M. pacifica previously have been differentiated primarily by the structure of the male fifth legs. lucens originally was described to have one large spine on the inner margin of the fourth segment and M. pacifica to have two spines, one each on the third and fourth joints. Some authors have reported M. lucens with two so-called spines on the same segment and M. pacifica also with two such spines but located together on the fourth segment. This led to M. pacifica being questioned as a species by certain authors who claimed it synonymous with M. lucens. In the present study, M. lucens from the Northwestern Atlantic is compared with M. pacifica from the Northeastern Pacific and differences in size and structure are evident to separate them. The fifth pair of legs on adult males and females were examined and findings indicated errors in the original descriptions of both species. Another Metridia population, found in the coastal waters of British Columbia, was compared with the described species. It was found to be similar to M. lucens and could be, in part, the reason for the past confusion between the Atlantic and Pacific species. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Aspects of the biology of the sepiolid squid Rossia pacifica Berry were studied from specimens obtained by otter trawling at Cape Lazo Gully and Saanich Inlet, British Columbia. Temperature, salinity, and sediment size at Cape Lazo Gully varied from 7.18°C to 11.00°C, 28.01 °/oo to 30.21 °/oo, and from less than l00μd to over 250μd respectively. Living specimens in the laboratory exhibited color changes from dark red-brown to opalescent grey-green. They did not mimic the color of the substrate. Comparisons of the morphometric indices of R. pacifica with other species of this genus showed differences in some indices but not in others. The arm formula is inconsistent, the most common being 3>2>4>1 and 3>2=4>1. The lower beak differs from that of R. maarosoma by having a "tooth" on its shoulder. In an aquarium Rossia spent most of its time resting on the bottom either in a horizontal position or with the anterior end elevated. The squid usually formed a depression in the sandy bottom to rest in. In some instances they threw sand onto their backs. Fish were caught with the tentacles and held with the arms while being eaten. Stomach analysis revealed that crustacea were present in 86.6% of the stomachs that contained food, while fish were present in 16.6%. Shrimp formed the largest portion of the crustacea in the diet. Bivalve molluscs, squid, and ostracods were occasionally found. Proportions of crustacea to fish in the diet were higher in smaller squid and decreased in larger animals. Seasonal variations in the diet were correlated with the biomass of shrimp in the area where the squid were collected; when a low biomass of shrimp was present the squid had a higher proportion of fish in their diet. The female R. pacifica are slightly larger than the males of the same age and grow to a larger size than do the males. The male and female reproductive systems are described. Gonad indices show that the ovaries and nidamental glands begin to mature when the females have a dorsal mantle length of approximately 24.0 mm. Spermatophores were not found in males smaller than 22 mm mantle length. The proportion of males containing spermatophores was 9% at 22 mm and increased through 17% at 24 mm, 50% at 26 mm to 90% at 28 mm. During mating the male attaches to the female from below by means of his second, third, and fourth pairs of arms. Spermatophores are transferred into the dorsal region of the female's pallial cavity by his dorsal, hectocotylized arms. The sex ratio of males to females found at Cape Lazo Gully was 1.2:1.0. Spawning occurs in the fall with the most active period occurring from August through October. This may be correlated with an increase in the water temperature, during this time. The squid have a life span of one year, at the end of which they mate, spawn, and die. / Graduate

Climate change, upwelling events, and local oceanographic events influence nutrient availability to primary producers in the ocean, which in turn affects the ratio of lighter to heavier isotopes, δ15N and δ13C, found in the primary producers of the ocean. When these primary producers die, they create sinking particulate organic matter (POMsink) which is taken up by the calcite and proteinaceous gorgonin rich coral Primnoa pacifica and integrated into their alternating concentric growth bands. Within this study, Primnoa pacifica from Glacier Bay Basin in Alaska is used as an environmental proxy to examine the δ15N and δ13C patterns and variations in the ocean and atmosphere over time. We examined the variations between each sample and compared the information to previously recorded data. δ15N and δ13C of four coral samples were compared using distance as a proxy for time. The approximate calculated ages of GB1 and GB2 were 28.2 and 40.6 years respectively. The δ13C results for this study were inconclusive because inorganic carbon from the calcite layer of the skeleton skewed the results. δ15N results showed much variation between samples.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-26T14:36:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ANNA_KAROLINA_VEIGA_SANTA_HELENA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2035662 bytes, checksum: 005a749875d97199c4670cf54982392d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T14:36:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ANNA_KAROLINA_VEIGA_SANTA_HELENA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2035662 bytes, checksum: 005a749875d97199c4670cf54982392d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / This paper has the objective of study the representation of the policemen of the Pacifying Police Units (UPPs) in the movies 5x Pacifica??o (2012), directed by Wagner Novais, Luciano Vidigal, Rodrigo Felha and Cadu Barcellos; and Morro dos Prazeres (2013), directed by Maria Augusta Ramos. For this, firstly the presence of the policemen in the Brazilian cinema will be researched, since the begining until the current days, using authors like Marco Ant?nio de Almeida (2007) and Luiza Lusvarghi (2013 e 2014), drafting to parallel with what will be called "out of frame", through the history and social context about subjects like the police and the process of emergence of favelas in Rio de Janeiro, based mainly on the studies of Roberto Kant de Lima (1995) and Orlando Zaccone (2015). After that, the movies that, in someway, talk about the UPPs, will be mentioned, connectgin them with the criation of the project also "out of frame". At the analysis stage, specific sequences of the movies will be selected, and the methodology used will be inspirated on the film analysis (AUMONT et al, 2006; AUMONT, MARIE, 2009). From the analyzes, is possible to see that the policeman of the UPPs is in a formation and adaptation process, but it still has similarities with the policeman present in the Brazilian cinema before the pacification, with violent behavior and weapons in hand. It's still possible to notice how much the movies anticipate the current situation of the UPPs, when the project results don't match the initial expectations. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a representa??o dos policiais das Unidades de Pol?cia Pacificadora (UPPs) nos filmes 5x Pacifica??o (2012), de Wagner Novais, Luciano Vidigal, Rodrigo Felha e Cadu Barcellos; e Morro dos Prazeres (2013), de Maria Augusta Ramos. Para isso, inicialmente ? pesquisada a presen?a do policial no cinema brasileiro, desde seus prim?rdios at? os dias atuais, a partir de autores como Marco Ant?nio de Almeida (2007) e Luiza Lusvarghi (2013 e 2014), tra?ando um paralelo com a no??o de "fora de quadro", atrav?s de uma contextualiza??o hist?rica e social sobre temas como a pol?cia e a "faveliza??o" do Rio de Janeiro, tendo como base principal os estudos de Roberto Kant de Lima (1995) e Orlando Zaccone (2015). Posteriormente, s?o mencionados os filmes que, de alguma forma, perpassam pela quest?o das UPPs, relacionando-os com processo de cria??o e de implementa??o do projeto tamb?m no "fora de quadro". Na etapa da an?lise, s?o selecionadas sequ?ncias espec?ficas dos filmes e a metodologia aplicada ser? inspirada na an?lise f?lmica (AUMONT et al, 2006; AUMONT, MARIE, 2009). A partir das an?lises, percebe-se que o policial das UPPs representado nos filmes est? em processo de forma??o e adapta??o, mas que ainda tem muitas semelhan?as com aquele presente no cinema brasileiro antes da pacifica??o, com comportamento violento e armas em punho. Ainda, ? poss?vel constatar o quanto os filmes anteciparam a situa??o atual em que se encontram as UPPs, quando os resultados do projeto n?o correspondem ?s expectativas iniciais.