Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:55:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-maria-lucia.pdf: 864012 bytes, checksum: 69a65257111b8843f5f18371050d9a70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-25 / This study aimed to characterize the phenology, production and post-harvest fruit of the buriti palm tree in the Savannah as well as factors impacting on production. The study was conducted in three palm swamp with three distinct forms of occupation of the borders. The buriti palm tree were characterized as height, diameter at breast height, number of inflorescences and leaves. The number of leaves was correlated with climatic data from July 2006 to September 2009. To characterize the production were collected from three clusters per area, and determined the average weight of fruit bunches and these extrapolated data for each area. In three clusters of each palm swamp included: length of the bunch, bunch weight, fruit weight, number of rachilles, and fruit number, length rachilles, total number of loci, number of loci with fruit, no fruit locule number , and the reason the number of loci with fruits / total number of loci. Characterization were carried out fifty fruits of each of the three clusters collected in each area. The characterization of fruits were evaluated: fruit weight, diameter longitudinal, transverse diameter, transverse diameter ratio / longitudinal diameter, the pulp mass, mass of bark, seed mass, and mass of endocarp. The pulp included: pH, total titratable acidity as citric acid, moisture and minerals. In a second phase were collected in five months, 250 fruits per area, per collection, where in addition to the analysis in the fruit pulp and cited, were analyzed for crude fiber, protein, lipid and fatty acid profile in the pulp the fruits of the first and last collection. Finally, was evaluate different treatments of artificial ripening of buriti. To check on what treatment get more uniform ripening counted the number of mature fruits, hard and dirty. The pulp was found: pH, total acidity and citric acid, moisture, minerals and starch. The results of this study support the conclusion: In relation to phenology, the average number of leaves of buriti palm tree do not differ between plants and sex, however, have differ for maximum temperature. The palm swamp have average income calculated in pulp yield 651.54 kg ha-1. Fruits buriti have high nutritional content and is suitable for fresh consumption and processing purposes. Fruits buriti present average mass of 54.19 g of which 17.79% is pulp, seed 34.69%, 20.88% bark and 26.64% endocarp. The mineral elements examined during the five seasons had different values. The pulps of buriti show high content of fiber, reduced levels of lipids, being the predominant fatty acid, palmitic. The storage for seven days followed by immersion of fruits in water at 55 °C for thirty minutes is the treatment that has a higher yield in the process of maturation (95.5%). / Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a fenologia, a produção e pós-colheita de frutos da palmeira buriti no Cerrado, bem como fatores impactantes sobre sua produção. O estudo foi desenvolvido em três veredas com três formas distintas de ocupação das bordas. Os buritizeiros foram caracterizados quanto a altura, diâmetro a altura do peito, número de inflorescência e de folhas. A folhação foi correlacionada com dados climáticos de julho de 2006 a setembro de 2009. Para caracterização da produção foram realizadas coletas de três cachos por área, sendo determinado o peso médio dos frutos dos cachos e estes dados extrapolados para cada área. Em três cachos de cada vereda verificou-se: comprimento do cacho, massa do cacho, massa dos frutos, número de ráquilas, e número de frutos, comprimento de ráquila, número total de lóculos, número de lóculos com frutos, número lóculos sem frutos, e a razão número de lóculos com frutos/número total de lóculos. Foi realizada a caracterização de cinqüenta frutos de cada um dos três cachos coletados em cada vereda. Na caracterização dos frutos foram avaliados: massa do fruto, diâmetro longitudinal, diâmetro transversal, relação diâmetro transversal/diâmetro longitudinal, massa da polpa, massa da casca, massa da semente, e massa do endocarpo. Na polpa destes frutos verificou-se: pH, acidez titulável total acidez titulável em ácido cítrico, umidade e minerais. Em um segundo momento foram realizadas coletas, em cinco meses, de 250 frutos por área, por coleta, nos quais além das análises no fruto e polpa citadas, foram realizadas análises de fibra bruta, proteína, extrato etéreo e perfil de ácidos graxos na polpa dos frutos da primeira e da última coleta. Finalmente, se avaliou diferentes tratamentos de amadurecimento artificial dos frutos de buriti. Para verificar em qual tratamento se obtém amadurecimento mais uniforme contou-se o número de frutos maduros, duros e podres. Na polpa destes frutos verificou-se: pH, acidez titulável total e em ácido cítrico, umidade, minerais e amido. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo permitem concluir: Em relação à fenologia, o número médio de folhas dos frutos de buritizeiros não difere entre veredas ou sexo das plantas, no entanto, apresentam diferença em relação à temperatura máxima. As veredas apresentam rendimento médio calculado de polpa de 651,54 kg ha-1. Os frutos de buriti apresentam teores nutricionais apropriados para o consumo in natura e para industrialização. Os frutos de buriti apresentam massa média de 54,19 g, dos quais 17,79% é polpa, 34,69% semente, 20,88% casca e 26,64% endocarpo. Os elementos minerais analisados durante as cinco épocas apresentaram valores diferenciados. As polpas dos frutos de buriti apresentaram elevado teor de fibra bruta, teores reduzidos de extrato etéreo, sendo o ácido graxo predominante, o palmítico. O armazenamento por sete dias seguido da imersão dos frutos em água à 55°C por trinta minutos é o tratamento que apresenta maior rendimento no processo de amadurecimento (95,5%).

Le palmier babaçu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.) est une plante native de la forêt amazonienne. La déforestation a pour impact qu'il apparaît dans des milieux ouverts désormais anthropisés (pâturages, et champs cultivés). Le babaçu fait partie des ressources " extractivistes " du Brésil : activité de cueillette suivie de commercialisation de produits non ligneux. Cette activité concerne des personnes parmi les plus démunies du pays d'où l'importance de gérer au mieux sa durabilité dans un contexte conflictuel. Force est de constater que les connaissances du fonctionnement durable de l'espèce au sein de ces milieux anthropisés font cruellement défaut: son cycle de vie est peu connu et sa dynamique de population non étudiée.Le travail de thèse est donc pionnier et s'inscrit au sein d'un projet interdisciplinaire Open Science de la fondation Agropolis. L'objectif est double : il consiste à produire un modèle de la dynamique de population du babaçu validé par une analyse in situ et à capitaliser les connaissances issues de divers milieux scientifiques (biologistes, écologues, mathématiciens, informaticiens et économistes français et brésiliens). Le modèle, à plus long terme, doit étayer les recommandations relatives à la gestion durable de l'espèce.L'approche retenue a consisté à expliciter au sein de divers modèles, les connaissances partagées sur l'espèce et les modèles mathématiques potentiels ainsi que sur le contexte sociétal. Ceci nous a permis de proposer un modèle d'observation conforme aux préconisations d'OBOE (Ontologie relative a la sémantique des observations scientifiques) permettant la mise en place du protocole d'acquisition des données. L'acquisition in situ a été réalisée par le partenariat franco-brésilien entre 2013 et 2016 au sein du territoire de la communauté de Benfica (Pará, Brésil). La pérennisation des données s'est faite après conception, au sein d'une base de données spatiales prenant en compte l'aspect socio-économique.Enfin, nous proposons un modèle matriciel aléatoire ayant pour entrée des variables agrégées au niveau des stades biologiques de l'espèce. Les probabilités de la matrice de transition entre les stades sont modélisées selon un modèle hiérarchique Dirichlet-Multinomial. L'intégration des informations a priori a été formalisée grâce à une approche bayésienne. L'estimation et la validation du modèle ont été effectuées avec des critères bayésiens.Des simulations basées sur les paramètres estimés constituent une première ébauche d'étude du comportement de l'espèce. / The babassu palm tree (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.) is an endemic species of the amazonian forests. The deforestation highlights henceforth this palm tree in the anthropogenic open areas (pastures and cultivated fields). The babassu is one of the "extractive" resources in Brazil: gathering activity followed by marketing of non-timber products. This activity involves people among the most disadvantaged in the country thus the importance to better manage its sustainability in a context of conflict. It is clear that knowledge of sustainable functioning of the species within these manmade environments is sorely lacking: its life cycle is not well known and its population dynamics unstudied.This PhD work is pioneer and is a part of an Open Science interdisciplinary project of the Agropolis foundation. The objective is twofold it is to generate a model of population dynamics of the babassu palm tree validated by in situ analysis and capitalizing knowledge from various scientific communities (biologists, ecologists, mathematicians, computer scientists and economists from France and Brazil). In the long-term the model should support the recommendations for the sustainable management of the species.Our approach explicit within different models the shared knowledge about the species and the potential mathematical models as well as the societal context. This has allowed us to provide an observation model compliant with the recommendations ofOBOE (Ontology on a semantic scientific observations) for the development of data acquisition protocol. The acquisition was made in situ by the French-Brazilian partnership between 2013 and 2016 in the community of Benfica (Pará, Brazil). The perpetuation of the data was made after conception, within a spatial database taking into account the socio-economic aspect.Finally, we proposed a random matrix model having as input aggregated variables based on the biological stages of the species. The probabilities of the between stages transition matrix are modeled using a hierarchical Dirichlet-Multinomial model. The integration of prior information was formulated through a Bayesian approach. The estimation and model validation were performed with Bayesian criteria.Simulations based on the estimated parameters represent a first outline of the study of the species behavior.