One of the most critical challenges facing South Africa is the shortage of skills. The Financial Services Sector, of which banks form part, is also affected by this problem and this poses a risk in achieving the targeted Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The quality and level of education offered in South African Higher Education Institutions is perceived as being insufficient to that which is required in the industry and is a possible contributing factor towards the skills shortage problem. The study was motivated by the concerns raised by some scholars concerning the relevance of the management accounting syllabus as compared with the technical skills required in the banking industry. Investigating this is important as the Financial Services Sector, which includes the banking industry, is one of the largest employers of management accountants in South Africa and there is a paucity of research in this area. The aim of the study was to determine whether management accounting technical skills provided by an ODeL University in South Africa meet banking employers’ expectations. A qualitative research approach was used to conduct interviews with nineteen participants from three banks and ten academics from the ODeL University and includes a qualitative documentary analysis to review and analyse the study material for four management accounting modules and the mapping of the management accounting syllabus to the SAICA competency framework. The results reflect the data obtained from the interviews. The analysis of the interviews is organised under five main themes as follows: Function of management accounting within the banking sector; recruitment of graduates and development of management accounting technical skills; identified technical skills lacking in new graduates employed by banks; bank specific training at an ODeL institution (an academic perspective) and strategies to bridge the gap. The results of the analysis conducted on the management accounting study material from the ODeL University are presented in four categories; Costing, Financial Management, Accounting Data Processing and the SAICA Competency Framework. The results indicate that bank employers acknowledge the work achieved by higher education institutions in providing students with basic management accounting skills, which enable them to start working in management accounting positions in banks. However, bank participants were concerned with graduates’ inability to link theory with practical application and further confirmed that graduates lack a number of relevant technical skills. Academics confirmed that the management accounting syllabus does not give much attention to banks and other financial service industries; it is dominated by activities and case studies related to manufacturing industries. The analysis of the prescribed study material supports this and indicates that there are insufficient activities related to service companies and very few references to financial services sector entities. Several recommendations were made by participants which, inter alia include incorporating relevant activities and case studies into the management accounting syllabus and greater reciprocity between the banking industry and universities. This study contributes to the literature on management accounting technical skills’ relevance to banks and by extension, the financial services sector. It provides insights on the management accounting technical skills that are currently lacking in graduates. Additional areas warranting further research are also identified. / Omnye weyona micelimngeni enobuzaza ojongene noMzantsi Afrika kukunqongophala kwezakhono. ICandelo leeNkonzo zezeMali, apho iibhanki ziyinxalenye zalo, nalo liyachaphazeleka yile ngxaki kwaye oku kubeka umngcipheko ekuphumezeni iMveliso yeKhaya ePheleleyo (iGDP). Umgangatho nenqanaba lemfundo ezinikezelwa kumaZiko eMfundo ePhakamileyo aseMzantsi Afrika zibonwa njengezingonelanga kwinto efunekayo kushishino, kwaye ibonwa iyinto enempembelelo kwingxaki yokunqongophalo lwezakhono. Uphando lwakhuthazwa yinkxalabo ephakanyiswe zezinye izifundiswa malunga nokuhambelana kolawulo lwesilabhasi yobalo-mali (accounting) xa kuthelekiswa nezakhono zobugcisa ezifunekayo kushishino lwebhanki. Ukuphanda oku kubalulekile njengeCandelo leNkonzo yezeziMali, nelibandakanya ishishini lebhanki, elingelinye labaqeshi abakhulu labacubunguli bobalo-mali eMzantsi Afrika, kwaye kukho ubuncinane bophando kulo mcimbi. Injongo yophando yayikukufumanisa ukuba ingaba izakhono zobuchule bokuphatha ezobalo-mali ezinikezwa yiYunivesithi ye-ODeL eMzantsi Afrika ziyahlangabezana nokulindelwe ngabaqeshi beebhanki. Inkqubo yophando esemgangathweni yasetyenziswa ukwenza udliwanondlebe nabathathi-nxaxheba abalishumi elinesixhenxe abaphuma kwiibhanki ezintathu kunye nabafundisi/abahlohli abalishumi kwiYunivesithi ye-ODeL, kwaye ibandakanya nokucazulula idotyhumentari esemgangathweni ukwenza isincomo-gxeko nokucazulula izixhobo zokufunda kwiimodyuli ezine zolawulo lwezobalo-mali kunye nokuzoba isilabhasi yolawulo lwezibalo-mali kwisakhelo sesikhokelo sezakhono kwi-SAICA. Iziphumo zibonisa idatha efunyenwe kudliwanondlebe. Ucazululo lodliwanondlebe luhlelwe phantsi kwezihloko ezihlanu eziphambili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Umsebenzi wolawulo lwezibalo-mali ngaphakathi kwecandelo lokulondoloza(banking); ukufunwa kwabafundi abathweswe izidanga kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezakhono zobalo-mali; ukuchongwa kwezakhono zobugcisa ezinqongopheleyo kubafundi abatsha abaqashwe ziibhanki; uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lwebhanki kwiyunivesithi ye-ODeL (umbono wemfundo) kunye nezicwangciso zokuvala isikhewu. Iziphumo zohlalutyo olwenziweyo kwizixhobo zokufunda zolawulo lwezobalo-mali kwiYunivesithi ye-ODeL zivezwa ngokwamanqanaba amane; Ukubiza indleko, ukuPhathwa kwezeMali, ukuPhathwa kweDatha yezoBalo-mali (Accounting) kunye neSakhelo sezakhono ze-SAICA. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba abaqeshi bebhanki bawunika ingqalelo umsebenzi owenziweyo ngamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo ekuboneleleni ngezakhono zolawulo lwezemali, into eyenza abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwizikhundla zobalo-mali kwiibhanki. Nangona kunjalo, abathathi-nxaxheba bebhanki babenenkxalabo yokungakwazi kwabafundi ukudibanisa i-thiyori kunye nendlela yokusebenza kwaye baphinda baqinisekisa ukuba abafundi abaphumeleleyo bayasilela kwizakhono ezininzi zobugcisa ezifanelekileyo. Abahlohli baqinisekisile ukuba isilabhasi yolawulo lobalo-mali ayiniki ngqalelo enkulu kwiibhanki nakwamanye amashishini enkonzo yezemali; ilawulwa yimisebenzi kunye nezifundo ezinxulumene nemizimveliso. Uhlalutyo lwezixhobo zokufunda ezimiselweyo ziyakuxhasa oku kwaye zibonisa ukuba ayonelanga imizekeliso esetyenziswayo enxulumene neenkampani zenkonzo kunye nezalathiso ezimbalwa kakhulu kumacandelo enkonzo yezemali. Izindululo ezininzi zaye zenziwa ngabathathi-nxaxheba bathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto zibandakanya ukongezwa kwemizekelo efanelekileyo kunye nezifundo zokufundwa (case studies) kwisilabhasi yolawulo lobalo-mali kunye nokusebenzisana okukuko phakathi kweshishini lebhanki neeyunivesithi. Olu phando lunegalelo kuncwadi lolawulo lwezakhono zobuchule bobugcisa bobalo-mali obufanelekileyo kwiibhanki nakwicandelo leenkonzo zezezimali jikelele. Lunika ingcaciso kwizakhono zolawulo zobalo-mali ezisasilelayo okwangoku kwabo banezidanga. Iindawo ezongeziweyo ezisafuna uphando olongeziweyo nazo zikwachongiwe. / Ye nngwe ya ditlhohlo tše di nyakago tekolo ka tlhokomedišišo tše Afrika Borwa e lebanego natšo ke tlhokego ya bokgoni. Lekala la Ditirelo tša Ditšhelete, leo dipanka di lego karolo ya lona, le lona le angwa ke bothata bjo gomme se se hlola tšhošetšo ya go fihlelela palomoka ya ditšhelete tša dithoto le ditirelo tšeo di tšweleditšwego nageng (GDP). Boleng le boemo bja thuto yeo e rutwago ka go Diinstitušene tša Thuto ya Godingwana tša Afrika Borwa di tšewa go ba tšeo di sa kgotsofatšego go ena le tše di nyakegago diintastering gape ke ntlha yeo e ka hlolago bothata bja tlhaelo ya bokgoni. Thutelo ye e hlohleleditšwe ke dipelaelo tšeo di hlagišitšwego ke baithuti ba bangwe malebana le maleba a lenaneothuto la tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho ge go bapetšwa le bokgoni le tsebo tšeo di nyakegago go phethagatša mešongwana ye e itšeng intasering ya go panka ditšhelete. Go nyakišiša se go bohlokwa ka ge Lekala la Ditirelo tša Ditšhelete, le le akaretšago intasteri ya go panka ditšhelete, e le ye nngwe ya bathapi ba bantšintši ba batho bao ba fago khamphani datha le tshedimošo ka ditšhelete gore di dirišwe kgodišong ya kgwebo ya yona ka Afrika Borwa efela go na le dinyakišišo tšeo di sego tše ntši go sehlogo se. Maikemišetšo a thutelo ye e be e le go šupa ge eba bokgoni le tsebo tšeo di nyakegago go phethagatša tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho bjoo bo rutwago ke yunibesithi ya ODeL ka Afrika Borwa bo kgotsofatša ditetelo tša bathapi ba dipankeng. Mokgwatebelelo wa nyakišišo ka go utolla mokgwa wa bophelo bja setšhaba se itšeng o dirišitšwe go phethagatša ditherišano le batšeakarolo ba lesomesenyane go tšwa dipankeng tše tharo le dirutegi tše lesome go tša yunibesithing ya ODeL gomme o akaretša tshekatsheko ya kanegelo ya ditiragalo ya go kwešiša mabaka le dikgopolo go lebelela le go sekaseka ditlakelo tša thuto tša mebotšulo ya tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho le go tswalanya lenaneothuto la tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho le tlhako ya botsebi ya SAICA. Dipoelo di laeditše datha yeo e hweditšwego go tšwa ditherišanong. Tshekatsheko ya ditherišano e beakantšwe go ya ka merero ye mene ka mo go latelago: Tiro ya tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho ka go lekala go panka ditšhelete; kalatšo ya dialoga le kgodišo ya bokgoni le tsebo tšeo di nyakegago go phethagatša tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho; bokgoni le tsebo tšeo di nyakegago go phethagatša mešongwana ye e itšeng tšeo di šupilwego tšeo di se nago dialoga tše mpsha tšeo di thapilwego ke dipanka; tlhahlo ye e lebanego go tša dipanka institušeneng ya ODeL (tebelelo ya borutegi) le maano a go tswalela sekgala seo. Dipoelo tša tshekatsheko yeo e phethagaditšwego go ditlakelo tša thuto tša tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho go tšwa yunibesithing ya ODeL di hlagišitšwe ka magoro a mane; Kakanyatshenyegelo, Bolaodi bja ditšhelete, Phetolelo ya datha go popego yeo e ka dirišwago ka go Tšhupamatlotlo le Tlhako ya Botsebi ya SAICA. Dipoelo di bontšha gore bathapi ba dipankeng ba amogela modiro wo o fihleletšwego ke diinstitušene tša thuto ya godingwana wa go fa baithuti bokgoni bja motheo bja tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho bjoo bo ba kgontšhago go thoma go šoma maemong a tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho dipankeng. Le ge go le bjalo, batšeakarolo dipankeng ba be ba tshwenywa ke go se kgone ga dialoga go tswalanya teori le tirišo ya ka mehla gape ba tiiša gore dialoga di hloka bokgoni le tsebo tšeo di nyakegago go phethagatša mešongwana ye e itšeng. Dirutegi di tiišitše gore lenaneothuto la tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho ga e fe šedi ye ntši go dipanka le diintasteri tše dingwe tša tirelo ya ditšhelete; go go dirwago gagolo ke ditiro le dithutelo tša ditiragalo tše itšeng tšeo di sepelelanago le diintasteri tša tšweletšo. Tshekatsheko ya ditlakelo tša thuto tše di kgethetšwego baithuti di thekga ntlha ye le go šupa gore go na le ditiro tšeo e sego tše ntši tšeo di tswalanego le go direla dikhamphani le ditšhupetšo tše mmalwa go dipopego ka boikemelo bja tšona tša lekala la ditirelo tša ditšhelete. Batšeakarolo ba file ditšhišinyo tše mmalwa tšeo ka morago , gare ga tše dingwe, di akaretšago ditiro tša maleba le dithutelo go ditiragalo tše di bilego gona ka go lenaneothuto la tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho le go fana ka bogolwane gare ga intasteri ya go panka le diyunibesithi. Thutelo ye e na le seabe go sengwalwa ka ga maleba a dipanka go bokgoni le tsebo tšeo di nyakegago go phethagatša mešongwana ye e itšeng tša tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho gapegape le go Lekala la Ditirelo tša Ditšhelete. E fa tshedimošo ka ga bokgoni le tsebo tšeo di nyakegago go phethagatša tshekatsheko ya matlotlo a kgwebo go thuša bolaodi go dira diphetho tšeo di hlaelago go dialoga. Mafelo a tlaleletšo ao a hlokago dinyakišišo tše dingwe le ona a šupilwe. / Finance, Risk Management and Banking / M. Ph. (Accounting Sciences)

Abstract in English, Zulu and Sepedi / The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of capital structure on the profitability of the Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa (Land Bank). Both theoretical and empirical literature were reviewed in order to guide the empirical investigation of this study. In particular, the theories of financial intermediation, credit creation and fractional reserve formed the basis of this study. The capital structure theories that were examined included the pecking order theory, trade-off theory and Modigliani-Miller leverage irrelevance theory. In the literature, it was observed that profitable companies prefer using internal funds over debt or equity. To test the stated hypothesis that there is no relationship between capital structure and bank profitability, a quantitative research design with a case study approach was used, with the Land Bank as the unit of analysis. Using time series data for the period 1982 to 2015, multiple regression using the ordinary least squares method was applied to test the specified models. Preliminary data analysis was performed using trend analysis, descriptive statistics and Pearson bivariate correlation analysis. The study demonstrated that the relationship between capital structure and bank profitability was positive and statistically significant at a 95% confidence level when using only equity. However, inclusion of debt in the capital structure showed that capital structure, proxied by the debt-to-equity ratio, resulted in a negative relationship between capital structure and bank profitability, albeit statistically insignificant. It was concluded that the Land Bank requires an injection of equity to improve its performance. Alternative low-cost sources of funding to debt should be considered. The results of the study have policy implications for the Land Bank, regulators and potential investors. / Injongo yalolu cwaningo kwabe kuwukucubungula nokuthola umthelela wesimozimali sebhizinisi ekungeneni kwenzuzo eBhange Lokuthuthukiswa Komhlaba Nezolimo laseNingizimu Afrika (iBhange Lomhlaba). Kokubili, imibhalo yethiyori kanye nemibhalo esuselwe emaqinisweni abonakalayo naphathekayo, yabuyekezwa ukuze ihole futhi ilawule uphenyo olugxile emaqinisweni abonakalayo naphathekayo oluqondene nalolu cwaningo. Amathiyori ayisisekelo salolu cwaningo, ikakhulukazi, kwaba yi-financial intermediation, credit creation kanye ne-fractional reserve. Lawo mathiyori esimozimali sebhizinisi acutshungulwa abandakanya i-pecking order theory, trade-off theory kanye ne-Modigliani-Miller leverage irrelevance theory. Emibhalweni eyacutshungulwa, kwabonakala ukuthi izinkampani ezinenzuzo zincamela ukusebenzisa izimali zangaphakathi kunokusebenzisa isikweletu noma izabelokulingana (equity). Ngenhloso yokuhlola ihayiphothesisi ethuliwe yokuthi abukho ubudlelwano phakathi kwesimozimali sebhizinisi kanye nokungena kwenzuzo ebhange, kwasetshenziswa idizayini yocwaningo olukhwantithethivu ehambisana nendlela yokusebenzisa ucwaningo lwesigameko egxile ekuhlaziyweni kweBhange Lomhlaba. Ngokusebenzisa i-time series data yesikhathi esisukela kowe-1982 kuyofinyelela kowezi-2015, kwalandelwa i-multiple regression ngokusebenzisa i-ordinary least squares method ukuhlola amamodeli achaziwe. Uhlaziyo lwedatha olwandulelayo lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa uhlaziyo lwezimonkambiso (trend analysis), izibalomanani ezichazayo (descriptive statistics) kanye ne-Pearson bivariate correlation analysis. Ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi bukhona ubudlelwano obuphawulekayo phakathi kwesimozimali sebhizinisi kanye nokungena kwenzuzo ebhange futhi idatha yabonisa ukuthembakala okusezingeni elingama-95% uma kusetshenziswa izabelokulingana kuphela. Kodwa-ke ukufakwa kwesikweletu kwisimozimali sebhizinisi kwabonisa ukuthi isimozimali sebhizinisi, ngokusekelwa yizinga-silinganiso phakathi kwesikweletu nezabelokulinganisa, kwaholela ekutheni bungabi khona ubudlelwano obuphawulekayo phakathi kwesimozimali sebhizinisi kanye nokungena kwenzuzo ebhange, nakuba idatha mayelana nalokhu yabonisa ukungathembakali okuthile. Kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi iBhange Lomhlaba lidinga ukuthi kufakwe izabelokulingana ngenhloso yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwalo. Kumele kwenziwe imizamo yokuthola eminye imithombo yezimali ehlukile futhi engambi eqolo. Imiphumela yocwaningo inemithelela ethile ephathelene nezinqubomgomo eqondene neBhange Lomhlaba, abalawuli kanye nalabo okungenzeka babe nesifiso sokutshala izimali. / Morero wa thutelo ye e be e le go laetša khuetšo ya matlotlo a kgwebo go bokgoni bja go hwetša dipoelo bja Panka ya Tlhabollo ya Naga le tša Temo ya Afrika Borwa (Land Bank). Dingwalo tša ditlhalošo tša diteori le tšeo dithutelo tša peleng di di hweditšeng di sekasekilwe go fa tlhahlo go dipoelo tša dinyakišišo tšeo di dirilwego peleng tša thutelo ye. Gabotsebotse, diteori tša mokgwa wa dipanka wa go tšea tšhelete ye e bolokilwego tša e adimiša, mokgwa wa dipanka wa go hlola dikadimo ka bontši le tsheketšo ya palophatlo ya tšhelete di bopile motheo wa thutelo ye. Diteori tša matlotlo a kgwebo tšeo di lekotšwego di akareditše teori ya mokgwa wa go kgetha methopo ya kadimo ya ditšhelete, teori ya go lekanyetša ditheko le ditefelokholego le teori ya Modigliani-Miller ya go re mokgwa wa go diriša tšhelete ye e adimilwego go bona dipoelo ga o ame boleng bja khamphani. Ka go dingwalo, go lemogilwe gore dikhamphani tše di ka hwetšago dipoelo di kgetha go diriša matlole a ka gare go ena le dikoloto goba bokaalo bjo bo šalago ka morago ga go ntšha dikoloto Go leka kakanyo ye e filwego ya gore ga go na tswalano gare ga matlotlo a kgwebo le bokgoni bja panka bja go hwetša dipoelo, tlhako ya nyakišišo ya go hwetša dikarabo go batho ka bontši ka mokgwatebelelo wa nyakišišo ye e dirilwego ka ga tiragalo e dirišitšwe, ka Land Bank bjalo ka yuniti ya tshekatsheko. Ka go diriša datha go ya ka tatelano ye e itšeng ya nako ya paka ya 1982 go iša go 2015, tlhahlobo ya tswalano gare ga mabaka a mabedi goba go feta ka go diriša mokgwa wa go fokotša palo ya disekwere e dirišitšwe go leka mehlala ye e šupilwego. Tshekatsheko ya datha ya mathomo e phethagaditšwe ka go diriša tshekatsheko ya taolelopele ya seo se tla diregago ka ditšhelete, mokgwa wa go sekaseka dipalopalo le tshekatsheko ya Pearson ya dipalo tše pedi go bona tswalano ya tšona. Thutelo e laeditše gore tswalano gare ga matlotlo a kgwebo le bokgoni bja panka go hwetša dipoelo go bile le ditlamorago tše botse le dipoelo tše di ka bago nnete ka kemo ya kgonthišo ya 95% ge go dirišwa fela bokaalo bjo bo šalago ka morago ga go ntšha dikoloto. Le ge go le bjalo, kakaretšo ya sekoloto ka go matlotlo a kgwebo go bontšhitše gore matlotlo a kgwebo, ao a laeditšwego ka tekanyo ya palomoka ya dikoloto go bokaalo bjo bo šalago ka morago ga go ntšha dikoloto, e hlotše tswalano ye e sa letelwago gare ga matlotlo a kgwebo le bokgoni bja panka go hwetša dipoelo, le ge e ka ba dipoelo tše di ka bago nnete. Go phethilwe ka go re Land Bank e nyaka koketšo ya bokaalo bjo bo šalago ka morago ga go ntšha dikoloto go kaonafatša tiro ye e swanetšwego go dirwa. Methopo ye mengwe ya tswala ya fase go dikoloto e swanetšwe go lebelelwa. Dipoelo tša thutelo di na le ditlamorago tša Molaotshepetšo wa Land Bank, balaodi le babeeletši ba ka moso. / Finance, Risk Management and Banking / M. Com. (Finance)