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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Biosensors for Blood and Infection Analysis

Sweeney, Robin Emily, Sweeney, Robin Emily January 2017 (has links)
Three major topics will be discussed in this dissertation. The first is an optical biosensor for specific diagnosis of bacterial skin and wound infection, followed by a paper microfluidic assay and accompanying monitoring device for monitoring blood coagulation and determining patient-specific heparin and protamine dosing. The final work to be discussed is ongoing work involving the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a paper microfluidic detection platform. All of these works involve the development of biosensors for the simultaneous advancement and simplification of diagnosis and analysis of blood and bacterial infection. The aims of each of these projects included significantly decreasing the time to diagnosis and decreasing the reagents, laboratory space, personnel, and other resources needed for detection and diagnosis. The first works are focused on the design, development, and testing of an optical biosensor for the immediate detection of bacterial skin and wound infection, including diagnosing the specific species of bacteria responsible for the infection. The optical biosensor developed allows for diagnosis of a bacterial infection on skin or in a wound in as little as three seconds, in a contact-free, reagent-free manner. The second work focused on the design, development, and testing of a paper microfluidic assay and accompanying Raspberry Pi-based monitoring device for use before, during, and after surgeries requiring the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The assay monitors the extent of blood coagulation of a whole blood sample and determines patient-specific dose response curves of an anticoagulant and its reversal agent. The final work discussed focuses on developing a paper microfluidic assay for the detection of CTCs from whole blood samples. The goal of this work is to detect multiple morphologies of CTCs from whole blood samples to provide insight on patient prognosis in a rapid, low resource manner.
2

Construção e aplicação de dispositivos analíticos 2D e 3D à base de papel com detecção eletroquímica / Construction and application of 2D and 3D electrochemical paper-based analytical devices

Santhiago, Murilo, 1984- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Lauro Tatsuo Kubota / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T12:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santhiago_Murilo_D.pdf: 3375339 bytes, checksum: 5d945dd23cfef732a3e3d083685bedc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho descreve-se a construção e aplicação de dispositivos analíticos 2D e 3D à base de papel com detecção eletroquímica (ePAD). Os dispositivos foram construídos empregando o método de impressão com cera e diferentes tipos de papéis. Eletrodos de ouro foram utilizados juntamente com o conceito da separação cromatográfica em dispositivos microfluídicos. No canal microfluídico à base de papel foi possível realizar a separação de ácido ascórbico e dopamina em 14 minutos. A necessidade por processos de fabricação mais simples e de baixo custo nos motivou a estudar eletrodos de carbono em ePADs. Assim, eletrodos de grafite de lapiseira foram selecionados visando o desenvolvimento de um biossensor para glicose. O biossensor apresentou uma excelente resposta eletroquímica e um tempo de análise de 4 minutos. O mesmo eletrodo de grafite foi acoplado com um sistema de informação para determinação de p-nitrofenol. Assim, foi possível detectar 1,0 mmol L de p-nitrofenol em amostras de água e analisar/interpretar os resultados empregando um celular. Por fim, a necessidade por sistemas eletroquímicos com menores limites de detecção nos impulsionou a fabricar microeletrodos de pasta de carbono. Os microeletrodos foram fabricados em folhas de transparência e acoplados no papel empregando uma configuração do tipo sanduíche. Os dispositivos foram caracterizados eletroquimicamente na presença de cisteína e apresentaram uma constante cinética de 10 L mol s. Um limite de detecção de 4,8 mmol L para cisteína foi obtido empregando um arranjo de microeletrodos. Por fim, os microeletrodos de pasta de carbono foram utilizados para a construção de um biossensor visando a determinação de metil paration. O ePAD foi construído de modo a acomodar o substrato (acetiltiocolina) e a enzima (acetilcolinesterase) no mesmo dispositivo / Abstract: This thesis describes the construction and application of 2D and 3D electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). The devices were constructed using the wax printing method and different types of papers. Gold electrodes were employed along with the concept of chromatographic separation in microfluidic devices. By using the paper-based microfluidic channel it was possible to perform the separation of ascorbic acid and dopamine in 14 minutes. The need for simpler and low cost manufacturing processes motivated us to study carbon electrodes in ePADs. Thus, pencil graphite electrodes were selected for the development of a biosensor for glucose. The biosensor exhibited excellent electrochemical response and analysis time of 4 minutes. The same graphite electrode was coupled to an information system for the determination of p-nitrophenol. Thus, it was possible to detect 1.0 mmol L of p-nitrophenol in water samples and analyze/interpret the results using a smartphone. Finally, the need for electrochemical systems with lower limits of detection made us to search for carbon paste microelectrodes. The microelectrodes were fabricated on transparency sheets and coupled on paper using a sandwich-type configuration. The devices were characterized electrochemically in the presence of cysteine and had a rate constant of 10 L mol s. A detection limit of 4.8 mmol L for cysteine was obtained using an array of microelectrodes. By last, carbon paste microelectrodes were used to construct a biosensor in order to determine methyl parathion. The ePAD was constructed to accommodate the substrate (acetylthiocholine ) and enzyme ( acetylcholinesterase ) in the same device / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências
3

Spot test quantitativo para chumbo com análise de imagens, aplicado a solos / Spot test for lead in soils

Castro, Patrícia de Pádua, 1980- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Adriana Vitorino Rossi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T10:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_PatriciadePadua_D.pdf: 5260822 bytes, checksum: f6893f2bb59ad505050a8c1a755fee4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Pb(II) e um contaminante acumulativo em solos; reações de spot test servem para análises exploratórias para avaliar contaminações. A reação de spot test entre Pb(II) e rodizonato (ROD) forma um complexo vermelho (PbROD), que pode ser quantificado em dispositivo microfluídico em papel (mPAD) em associação com análise digital de imagens, estudada neste trabalho para aplicação em solos. Misturas reacionais de ROD 9,96 mmol L, em tampão tartarato, e soluções aquosas de Pb(NO3)2 na faixa de concentração de 0,20 a 5,00 mmol L foram utilizadas para a formação de PbROD em mPAD e empregadas no desenvolvimento do método que envolveu a utilização de um scanner comercial para obtenção das imagens e, um programa para extração de dados de cores em sistema RGB (Red, Green e Blue) para quantificação por meio de curvas de calibração. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado para análise de Pb(II) em 28 amostras de solos dopadas com (PbNO3)2 a uma concentração 300 mg kg de solo, utilizando solução de HNO3 0,43 mmol L como extrator, que extraiu em média 75% do Pb(II) adicionado. A limitação imposta pelas barreiras hidrofóbicas no mPAD foi crucial para viabilizar a quantificação de Pb(II). Os dados extraídos da componente G da imagem do produto da reação obtido no mPAD apresentaram os melhores resultados. A precisão intermediária do método de spot test para Pb(II) formando PbROD foi 4 %, com limites de detecção e quantificação iguais a 0,07 e 0,24 mmol L, respectivamente. Das 28 amostras estudadas, sete não desenvolveram cor na reação devido às características físicas e químicas dos solos e a presença de possíveis interferentes (principalmente Ba, Sr, Matéria Orgânica, P e Argila). A grande heterogeneidade dos solos e os complexos mecanismos de adsorção e dessorção dos íons que afetam sua disponibilidade para a reação de análise representam aspectos limitantes para a aplicação do método desenvolvido, porém os resultados apontaram adequação para análise semiquantitativa exploratória de Pb(II) em áreas de solos contaminados / Abstract: Lead (Pb) is a cumulative soil contaminant, which can be assessed by spot test reactions in exploratory analyzes regarding soil contamination. The spot test reaction between Pb(II) and rhodizonate (ROD) forms a red complex (PbROD), which can be quantified on paper microfluidic device (mPAD) in combination with digital image analysis. The objective with this work was to develop a method based on the aforementioned system, for the determination of Pb(II) in soils. Reaction mixtures containing 9.96 mmol L of ROD (prepared in tartrate buffer) and aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 in a concentration range from 0.20 to 5.00 mmol L were used to form PbROD in mPAD and employed for the method development. A commercial scanner was used to obtain images and a program was employed to extract data from the RGB (Red, Green and Blue) colors system for Pb(II) quantification, by using calibration curves. The method was applied for the analysis of Pb(II) in 28 soil samples spiked with Pb(NO3)2 at a concentration of 300 mg kg of soil and a 0.43 mmol L HNO3 solution was used as the extractant, which was able to extract, in average, 75% of Pb(II) added. The limitation imposed by hydrophobic barriers in the mPAD was crucial to enable the quantification of Pb(II). The data extracted from the G component of the image of the reaction product obtained in the mPAD showed the best results. Intermediate precision of the spot test method for Pb(II) forming PbROD was 4%, with limits of detection and quantification equal to 0.07 and 0.24 mmol L, respectively. From the 28 samples studied, seven did not develop color in the reaction, due to their physical and chemical characteristics and the presence of possible interferences (mainly Ba, Sr, Organic matter, P and clay content). The great heterogeneity of soils and the complex mechanisms of sorption and desorption of ions, that affect their availability for reaction analysis, represent limiting aspects for the quantitatively application of the method for soils. But the results show suitability for semiquantitative exploratory analyzes of Pb (II) in areas with soils contaminated with this element / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutora em Ciências

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