The purpose of this study is to review Pennsylvania's use of paper money through two distinct periods: the first seven years of currency issues starting in 1723 and concluding in 1730, and the second period encompassed by the French and Indian War in 1755-63. They represent two significant periods affecting Pennsylvania's paper money prior to the Revolutionary War. Specifically investigated are the deciding factors influencing Pennsylvania's currency issues during those periods and the degree of success achieved by those issues. The relationship between Pennsylvania's monetary policy and provincial politics is an important feature of the analysis. / Graduation date: 1996

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 286-302).

My dissertation argues that paper money created a new regime of value in early America, inscribed on the money itself and expressed in the political ordering of society. The radical ideas about money and value that inspired the colonial currencies originated in Commonwealth England. Those ideas spread to the North American colonies after the Restoration, where they conveyed changing notions about membership in the political community. Paper money, its proponents believed, constituted not only the “sinews” of trade and key to limitless wealth but also the “blood” that nourished the body politic. Ironically, the expansion of paper money in early America after 1710 both reflected and helped kindle broader material and cultural changes throughout the wider English Atlantic world that strained the bonds of the provincial political community. Ultimately, however, it was not these changes, but British attempts to control paper money in the mid-eighteenth century, that became corrosive to the imperial order. Disagreements over the prerogative to create money and value, I contend, occupied a key role in the crisis leading to the American Revolution. / 2020-02-14T00:00:00Z

Este trabalho é uma investigação da história do papel-moeda brasileiro, do cruzeiro de 1970 ao real de 2010, do ponto de vista do Design Gráfico, considerando as dimensões histórica, tecnológica e política do objeto dinheiro impresso. Foram levantados dados de diferentes fontes, como bibliografia especializada, documentos da Casa da Moeda do Brasil e do Banco Central, bem como entrevistas com profissionais envolvidos nos projetos de papel-moeda brasileiro no período de 1970 a 2010. O estudo aponta para uma crescente nacionalização do processo de projeto gráfico do papel-moeda brasileiro a partir dos anos 1960, com a aprovação da proposta da cédula de cinco cruzeiros pela Casa da Moeda, dando início à nacionalização definitiva dos trabalhos de projeto e de produção de cédulas pelo Brasil, atingida com o lançamento da família de cédulas projetada por Aloísio Magalhães, e com a modernização da Casa da Moeda no final dos anos 1970. / This is a work about the history of brazilian paper money, from the cruzeiro in 1970 to the real of 2010, from a graphic designers perspective and considering its historical, technological and political dimensions of printed money as an industrial product. The research was made from different sources, such as specialized books, internal documents from Casa da Moeda do Brasil and from Banco Central do Brasil, as well as interviews with key people involved with the design of brazilian bank notes from 1970 to 2010. This study points towards an increasing nationalization of the graphic design of brazilian paper money since the 1960s, with the approval of a five-cruzeiro bank note design, marking the beginning of the nationalization of bank note design and production in Brazil, achieved with the issue of the bank note series designed by Aloísio Magalhães, and the technical improvements at Casa da Moeda do Brasil at the end of the 1970s.

Este trabalho é uma investigação da história do papel-moeda brasileiro, do cruzeiro de 1970 ao real de 2010, do ponto de vista do Design Gráfico, considerando as dimensões histórica, tecnológica e política do objeto dinheiro impresso. Foram levantados dados de diferentes fontes, como bibliografia especializada, documentos da Casa da Moeda do Brasil e do Banco Central, bem como entrevistas com profissionais envolvidos nos projetos de papel-moeda brasileiro no período de 1970 a 2010. O estudo aponta para uma crescente nacionalização do processo de projeto gráfico do papel-moeda brasileiro a partir dos anos 1960, com a aprovação da proposta da cédula de cinco cruzeiros pela Casa da Moeda, dando início à nacionalização definitiva dos trabalhos de projeto e de produção de cédulas pelo Brasil, atingida com o lançamento da família de cédulas projetada por Aloísio Magalhães, e com a modernização da Casa da Moeda no final dos anos 1970. / This is a work about the history of brazilian paper money, from the cruzeiro in 1970 to the real of 2010, from a graphic designers perspective and considering its historical, technological and political dimensions of printed money as an industrial product. The research was made from different sources, such as specialized books, internal documents from Casa da Moeda do Brasil and from Banco Central do Brasil, as well as interviews with key people involved with the design of brazilian bank notes from 1970 to 2010. This study points towards an increasing nationalization of the graphic design of brazilian paper money since the 1960s, with the approval of a five-cruzeiro bank note design, marking the beginning of the nationalization of bank note design and production in Brazil, achieved with the issue of the bank note series designed by Aloísio Magalhães, and the technical improvements at Casa da Moeda do Brasil at the end of the 1970s.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-29T16:51:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo dos Santos.pdf: 1425766 bytes, checksum: 2d271aba515ce43ef52cc0aed01b7ea8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-29T16:51:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo dos Santos.pdf: 1425766 bytes, checksum: 2d271aba515ce43ef52cc0aed01b7ea8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / A intensa geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos aliada a uma expansão acentuada do consumo energético, apresenta-se como um dos maiores desafios ambientais. Em relação aos resíduos sólidos, fatores como dificuldades de gerenciamento, natureza química dos resíduos e sua complexidade impulsionam a busca de tecnologias limpas e, consequentemente, soluções que atendam à sociedade. Este estudo aplicou a tecnologia de pirólise para conversão de papel moeda descartado com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de desenvolvimento de biocombustível produzido a partir do bio-óleo gerado no processo pirolítico. O resíduo de papel moeda foi caracterizado por análise imediata, termogravimétrica (TGA) e fluorescência de raio X (FRX). Os ensaios pirolíticos foram conduzidos em reator a vácuo, na temperatura de 500º C e avaliados os rendimentos dos bio-produtos gerados. O bio-óleo foi caracterizado através dos parâmetros de pH, conteúdo de água, ponto de fulgor, condutividade elétrica, índice de acidez, número de cetano, poder calorífico e análise de metais por FRX. O surfactante propilenoglicol, demonstrou a uma temperatura de 25°C, um tempo de estabilização de 107s + 12, o Tween 20 cerca de 57s + 8 e o Monoesterato de glicerina 48s + 11. Misturas binárias de 1%, 2% e 3% (m/m) de bio-óleo pirolítico e diesel petroquímico foram preparadas em diferentes condições de agitação e temperatura, sendo a estabilidade das emulsões avaliada pelo índice de emulsificação (IE). A tecnologia adotada resultou em uma redução mássica de 81,5%, um rendimento de bio-óleo de 43% (m/m) e de bio-carvão 18,5% (m/m). A caracterização físico-química do bio-óleo indicou a ausência de metais oriundos da tinta de impressão do papel moeda. Foi constatado um melhoramento das características físico-químicas do bio-óleo, mediante a elaboração de misturas binárias (emulsões) com o óleo diesel, potencializando a sua utilização em diferentes tecnologias que promovam geração de energia, como motores a diesel, turbinas a gás e caldeiras. Finalmente, emulsões estáveis, com IE de 69% a 77% em 5 horas, foram verificadas nas condições de 2500 rpm e 3500 rpm, respectivamente. / The intense generation of municipal solid waste combined with a marked expansion of energy consumption, is presented as one of the greatest environmental challenges. For solid waste, factors such as management difficulties, chemical nature of the waste and its complexity drive the search for clean technologies and hence solutions that meet the society. This study applied pyrolysis technology to convert paper money droppedin order to assess the development potential of biofuel produced from bio-oil generated in the pyrolytic process. The residue of paper currency was characterized by immediate analysis, thermogravimetric (TGA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Pyrolytic reactor experiments were conducted in vacuum, at a temperature of 500 ° C and evaluated yields of bio-products generated. The bio-oil was characterized by parameters of pH, water content, flash point, electrical conductivity, acidity, number of cetane, heat and power metal analysis by FRX. The surfactant propylene glycol, showed a temperature of 25 ° C a stabilization time of 107s + 12, Tween 20 + 8 about 57s and 48s glycerin monostearate + 11. Binary mixtures of 1%, 2% and 3% (w / w) of pyrolytic bio-oil and petrochemical diesel fuel were prepared at different agitation conditions and temperature stability of the emulsions is assessed by emulsification index (SI). The technology adopted resulted in a weight reduction of 81.5%, a yield of bio-oil 43% (w/w) and bio-coal 18.5% (w/w). The physicochemical characterization of bio-oil indicated the absence of metals originating from ink print paper money. An improvement in physico-chemical characteristics of bio-oil was identified by preparing binary mixtures (emulsions) with diesel oil, enhancing its use in different technologies that promote energy generation such as diesel engines, gas turbines and boilers. Stable emulsions with IE of 69% to 77% in 5 hours, were observed in the conditions of 2500 rpm and 3500 rpm, respectively.

The presented diploma thesis is dedicated to the Czechoslovak paper money is-sued after 1948 until 1989, which is used as a source of historical memory. On paper money is mainly investigated their thematic content, which passed for their development time significant changes and that reflected important needs of the communist regime. The basic source for research this theme is paper money of defined period with taking into account the pre-war paper money because of their comparison. In addition, consideration is given to archival sources, contemporary posters, films, literature, songs, etc. The main target of this work is to determine how paper money reacted to the change of the political system after 1948 and how it was reflected by the users them-selves. It will also be monitored the rise of Soviet influence, sphere of allegorical humor and reflection of artistic community.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).