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Cytokine polymorphisms in low grade HPV associated cervical lesionsMajeed, Gulnaz Syed January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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The significance and inter-relationships of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in oesophageal proliferative disordersMohsen, Yasser Mohamed Abdel January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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Determinants of non-uptake of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine; The Ontario Grade 8 HPV Vaccine Cohort StudyRemes, OLIVIA 04 February 2013 (has links)
Background: In 2007, the Canadian federal budget provided $300 million over three years to the provinces and territories to implement publicly-funded HPV immunization programs. Current estimates indicate that HPV vaccine uptake varies significantly across Canada and is reported to be lowest in Ontario at 53%. There is a paucity of literature on the determinants of HPV vaccine uptake in the Canadian context, therefore further research is needed.
Objectives: To describe the patterns of HPV vaccine non-uptake across health units in Ontario, and identify the individual- and health unit (ecologic)-level factors that influenced HPV immunization decision-making between 2007 and 2011.
Methods: The study linked administrative health and immunization databases to identify a retrospective population-based cohort of 144,047 girls eligible for Ontario's school-based HPV immunization program between 2007 and 2011. In this study a girl was considered vaccinated if she received at least 1 dose, otherwise she was considered unvaccinated. Ecologic or health unit-level factors that may have influenced HPV vaccine decision-making were assessed, as well as individual-level predictors including clinical characteristics and sociodemographics. A population-average model based on generalized estimating equations was used to identify determinants associated with non-uptake.
Results: In all, 49.3% of girls from 21 public health units refused HPV immunization between 2007 and 2011. Non-uptake varied across health units, from 41.82% to 60.30%. In multivariate analyses, non-uptake was strongly associated with a history of autism (OR=1.60; 95% CI 1.34, 1.90) and Down's syndrome (OR=1.37; 95% CI 1.16, 1.63), refusal of mandatory and optional vaccines (OR=2.23; 95% CI 2.07, 2.4, and OR=3.96; 95% CI 3.87, 4.05, respectively), and infrequent physician visits (OR=1.45; 95% CI 1.35, 1.55). Contextual or health unit-level characteristics appeared to have a weak influence on vaccine decision-making.
Conclusions: HPV immunization could lead to a lower risk of developing and dying from HPV-related cancers; however, non-uptake of this vaccine is high. Concerted efforts are needed to reduce missed opportunities during medical consultations, to refine communication strategies and activities to address the information needs of special groups, as well as to develop cross-sectoral collaborations to support the delivery of publicly-funded HPV immunization to schools across Canada. / Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2013-02-01 19:49:17.262
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Penetration of Host Membrane Barriers by Human Papillomavirus During InfectionBronnimann, Matthew Phillip, Bronnimann, Matthew Phillip January 2016 (has links)
Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that infect human cutaneous and mucosal tissue. Most HPV infections are benign or cause only minor pathologies. However, infection with one of the ~15 high risk types of HPV is associated with a variety of head/neck and anogenital cancers. All told, HPV infection is thought to cause ~5% of all human cancers and cause ~275,000 deaths per year. Despite causing immense morbidity and mortality, many aspects of how HPV virions successfully establish infection in host cells remain poorly characterized. Infection begins with HPV virions binding the cell surface, where they are modified by the host protease furin. The HPV virions are then endocytosed by association with an unknown entry receptor(s). After endocytosis the HPV minor capsid protein L2 acts as a chaperone to ensure that the viral genome (vDNA) traffics from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and eventually the nucleus, where HPV replication occurs. En route to the nucleus, the L2/vDNA complex must translocate across limiting intracellular membranes. The details of these critical processes remain poorly characterized. In this work we investigate the viral and host factors involved in the penetration of host membranes by the HPV L2/vDNA complex. First, we elucidated many of the viral and host factors necessary for furin cleavage of L2. We also demonstrate that furin cleavage mediates the homo-oligomerization and membrane insertion of L2. Finally we demonstrate that complete translocation across the limiting membrane is dependent on host cell entry into mitosis. Overall this work provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms used by HPV virions to breach host membranes and establish infection.
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The association between the prevalence of human papillomavirus, male circumcision and the foreskinCutler, Ewalde 18 February 2014 (has links)
Genital human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including South Africa. Adult medical male circumcision (MMC) trials in Africa have shown decrease in acquisition of Human Immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections.
In this follow-up study, swabs that were collected 21 months post-circumcision were tested for the presence of 13 high risk HPV and 24 low risk HPV, genotypes. Results show that 17.5% and 14.3% participants were infected with at least one low risk or high risk strain of HPV respectively. The most common types of high-risk HPV were type 16 (3.5%) and 18 (3.1%). These results suggest that there is an inverse association between MMC and HPV acquisition.
Participants with at least one high risk strain of HPV were 4.6 times more likely to acquire HIV than participants without high-risk HPV. This was associated exclusively with high-risk HPV infection. HIV acquisition increased dramatically in men with multiple subtypes of HPV.
In a second study, more HPV genotypes were detected on the inner foreskin tissue than on the outer foreskin tissue, highlighting its vulnerability to HPV. Washing of the penis, thus removing possible contaminants reduces the number of detectable HPV genotypes.
This study confirmed that the uncircumcized foreskin, in particular the inner foreskin mucosa, offers a rich environment for HPV infections. This data will allow more insight into the HPV prevalence of young men in South Africa and the multi-factorial mechanisms in play with the association between medical male circumcision and decreased genital HPV prevalence.
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Human papillomavirus detection and typing in patients with abnormal pap smearsFreislich, Elizebeth January 2010 (has links)
Thesis (M Med.(Obstetrics and Gynaecology))--University of Limpopo, 2010. / STUDY RATIONALE:
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer of women on the African
continent and the second most common cancer of women worldwide and
in South Africa ’. It has been estimated in 1997 that, among women
who received no cervical screening in South Africa, 1 in 26 women were
likely to develop cervical cancer .
Screening will probably decrease the incidence of cervical cancer by 60%
or more . There is a direct relationship between the number of women
screened by Pap smears and the decreased incidence of cervical cancer. In
Iceland, where more than 90% of women were screened in that time, the
incidence decreased by 80%. In Norway, where only 5% of the women
were screened, the incidence only decreased by 10% . In South Africa, it
is estimated that Pap smears were taken in 18.8% of white women and
only 2.6% of black women in 2002 .
Real-world obstacles to successful cervical cancer prevention in develo-
ping countries involve people more than technologies 3. This can be ma-
naged by focusing on system quality management 3. The root causes of
poor quality must be examined. Suba et al 3 found causes such as obso-
7
lete supplies, poorly maintained microscopes, insufficient training and
suboptimal working conditions. Successful follow-up for screen-positive
women has been achieved through the allocation of budgets for dedicated
personnel to recontact women with positive test results 3.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to cause cervical can-
cer. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is also regarded as the most
common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, with an estimated life-
time risk of 79% for women to contract at least one infection between the
ages of 20 and 79 years . Although some men have anal or genital lesions
associated with HPV 16 and 18, most men serve as vectors of oncogenic
HPV. Male partners may be important contributors to their female
partners’ risk of cervical cancer .
The 15 HPV types, which are classified as high risk virus types, cause
95 % of all cervical cancer. The High Risk HPV Genotypes are: 16, 18,
31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73 and 82. HPV 16 and 18
together cause around 70 % of all cervical cancer ’.
Squamous cell cervical cancer constitutes approximately 80% of cervical
cancers . Adenocarcinoma is the second most common histological type
and shows a rising incidence, even in developed countries .
8
There is geographical variation in type-specific HPV prevalence 9.
HPV16 is the most common type associated with adenocarcinomas,
except in Southeast-Asia, where the prevalence of HPV 18 exceeds that
of HPV 16. HPV 16, 18, 35, 45and 59 are present in 96% of adenocarci-
nomas of the cervix 10.
A pooled analysis by Clifford et al 9 showed that the prevalence of high
risk HPV types is around 18 % in sub-Saharan Africa, with HPV 16 and
HPV 35 present in 8% of women. HPV 31 and HPV 33 were present in
7% of women and HPV 18 was present in 4% of women. Sub- Saharan
Africa had the highest prevalence of all HPV types and Europe the
lowest. The variation in prevalence of HPV 16 across regions was smaller
for HPV 16 than for the other high-risk types. The next common high-
risk types were HPV 33 and HPV 56 in Asia, HPV 58 in South America
and HPV 31 in Europe 9.
This study’s rationale was to ascertain the HPV types prevalent in pa-
tients with abnormal Pap smears seen at the Gynaecological Outpatients
Clinic at Dr. George Mukhari Hospital, the Gynaecological Oncology
Clinic at Dr. George Mukhari Hospital, the Tshepang Clinic at Dr.
George Mukhari Hospital and the Setshaba Research Centre of the
University of Limpopo – Medunsa Campus in Soshanguve.
9
This study can also act as a pilot study for future studies to test the ef-
fectiveness of using high risk HPV types screening as a primary
screening method, instead of Pap smears, to identify patients who are at a
higher risk to develop cervical cancer and who need further investigations
such as Colposcopically directed biopsies.
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Les différents génotypes de papillomavirus ou HPV et dépistage du cancer du col utérinAuray, Anne Tobie, Jean-Michel. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Médecine générale : Nantes : 2003. / Thèse : 2003NANT029M. Bibliogr. f. 189-199 [135 réf.].
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Séquençage des oncogènes E6 et E7 d'HPV de type 16. Epidémiologie des variants et risque de progression des lésions génitales vers des lésions génitales cancéreusesPapy, Carine Coste-Burel, Marianne. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Thèse d'exercice : Pharmacie : Université de Nantes : 2003. Mémoire DES : Biologie médicale : Université de Nantes : 2003. / Bibliogr. f.135-144.
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Production, analyse structurale et caractérisation fonctionnelle d'oncoprotéines E6 issues de différents papillomavirusOuld M'Hamed Ould Sidi, Abdellahi Travé, Gilles. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé : Strasbourg : 2009. / Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 24 p.
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Systematic review of the acceptability of HPV vaccination in malesTang, Yu, 唐宇 January 2013 (has links)
Objectives To understand the acceptability of adult males, high-risk male population (MSM and bisexual men) and parents of adolescent sons and explore factors correlated with HPV vaccination acceptability
Methods A systematic searching process for literatures related to men’s HPV vaccination acceptability and published from 2000 to July, 2013 in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar was performed. After screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, qualities of all eligible studies were assessed based on the modified STROBE guideline.
Results Of 15 studies were included in this systematic review, 6 focused on adult males, 4 explored the high-risk males, five reported the parental acceptability. The HPV vaccination acceptability of adult males, high-risk male population and parents of adolescent sons was moderate or high in most reviewed studies. Knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccination, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits and healthcare provider’s recommendation were positively correlated with HPV vaccination acceptability among adult males, high-risk males and parents of adolescent sons while high expense, side effects, safety, uncertain effectiveness and hassle of receiving a 3-shots series of HPV vaccination could diminish people’s vaccination interest.
Conclusion HPV vaccination acceptability among adult males, high-risk males and parents of adolescent sons is moderate or high. Further HPV vaccine campaign should focus on bridging the gap between the high vaccination acceptability and the low vaccination uptake among males. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health
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