Thesis (M.A.)--University of London, 1970. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 301-310).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Fuller Theological Seminary, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliography (leaves 333-358) and index.

Based on the author's thesis (Master in Criminology)--Rijksuniversiteit of Gent, Belgium, 1989-90. / Text in English; questionnaire in Pidgin. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-88).

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-111).

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Marburg.

Despite social scientists' interest in globalization, mobility, the effects of colonialism, and the intercultural situations that result, little attention has been devoted to expatriates as a contemporary transnational group. This thesis is an enquiry into the ways eight individuals define themselves as expatriates, through their oral narratives of life in Papua New Guinea. The paper focuses on expatriates' characterizations of themselves in terms of: their communities; their relationships with locals; their status as foreigners in post-colonial Papua New Guinea; arid their experiences of mobility. Set against social scientific notions of expatriates and contemporary ideas of mobility and its relation to identity, expatriates' personal narratives indicate that scholarly depictions are too simplistic to access contemporary expatriates or the complex situations in which they live. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

This thesis examines the theme of order and entropy in the society, religion, and life of the Telefolmin people of Papua New Guinea, with an emphasis on the interpretation of secret rites and myths of the men's cult. Based on research in Telefolmin in 1974-5, the thesis draws upon the perspectives of Turner, Wagner, and Burridge. In the Telefol view order is a contingent construction which men maintain in the face of the world's drift toward entropy, corresponding to the concept of 'biniman' the process of dissipation and decay, 'becoming nothing'. The struggle against entropy informs several sectors of Telefol life, ranging from marriage practices to food tabus. A major strategy involves the segregation of antithetical acts and states, summarized in the polarization of nurturing and killing, which forms the major axis of the cult division between Taro (gardening, etc.) and Arrow (hunting, warfare, etc.). The anchoring point of the Telefol world is the men's cult house, which youths enter through a series of initiations. The rites are examined in detail, accompanied by an account of secret myths revealed in initiation. Analysis of the logic of secrecy shows that the multi-layered revelatory process illuminates principles of Telefol order while at the same time negating them. Thus the initiatory process highlights the dissonances of Telefol culture, calling "first principles" into question. This extends even to the notion that secret knowledge is capable of making reality transparent, a point underscored by the transcendental role of Magalim, a spirit embodying the notion of entropy. The thesis concludes by suggesting that Telefol religion comments on the possibilities of knowledge, men's hopes, the meaning of human action, and man's nature. Far from escaping life's ambiguities, men encounter them forcefully in Telefol religion. This implies that the anthropology of religion should be prepared to do no less. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

What constitutes a stable democracy has consistently changed over time, with varying thresholds of democratic achievement being utilized. The definitions of a liberal democracy have remained rather broad. This allows for states to be deemed democratic rather easily through weak characteristics. However, while some states clearly begin to exhibit illiberal democratic policies, therefore missing the democratic threshold, they are able to maintain stability. What the precise causal factors to democratic backslide are, have yet to be fully realized. Academics pose a multitude of characteristics contributing to backslide. This thesis seeks to examine two of those factors: ethnic heterogeneity and state “newness.” New approaches to measuring democracy and fostering democratic development are needed, however, they may also prove to be unsuccessful in analyzing democratic transitions. Not all states are alike, therefore what works for one state may not work for another, be the policies of the state liberal or illiberal.

As populações de aves antárticas têm sido estudadas e consideradas indicadoras da qualidade do ecossistema marinho, especialmente dos oceanos do sul, ao longo dos últimos 50 anos. Existem cerca de 40 espécies de aves marinhas que se reproduzem em áreas descobertas de gelo. Dentre as aves marinhas antárticas, os pinguins são os que têm a maior representatividade ecológica e são considerados espécies sentinelas para o estudo das mudanças ambientais nesse continente. Esses animais representam 90% da biomassa de aves nos oceanos do sul, e suas colônias estão distribuídas nas ilhas antárticas e subantárticas bem como sobre o Continente Antártico. Há três espécies de pigoscelídeos mais representativos desta biomassa, são eles: Pygoscelis papua (Pinguim gentoo), Pygoscelis adeliae (Pinguim-de-adélia) e Pygoscelis antarcticus (Pinguim-de-barbicha). Os pinguins antárticos estão entre as aves de menor contato com humanos, o que os torna possíveis indicadores da presença natural de genes de resistência a antimicrobianos na microbiota intestinal de aves e no ambiente. O objetivo desta dissertação foi avaliar a presença de resistência a antimicrobianos na microbiota intestinal de P. antarcticus e de P. papua, e compará-las à microbiota de Spheniscus magellanicus (pinguins-de-magalhães). Os S. magellanicus habitam a Argentina, Chile e Ilhas Malvinas, locais em que há variadas atividades humanas. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes aparentemente frescas de 46 pinguins P.antarcticus e de 12 pinguins P. papua, nas suas respectivas colônias na Ilha Elefante, em dezembro de 2014. De S. magellanicus foram coletadas, com auxílio de suabes cloacais, amostras de 19 indivíduos, encontrados na costa norte do Rio Grande do Sul, de Quintão a Torres, durante os meses de inverno de 2015 e de 2016. As amostras de microbiota dos pinguins foram cultivadas em ágar LB e os isolados bacterianos foram triados para os seguintes antimicrobianos: eritromicina (≥ 8μg/mL), estreptomicina (≥ 2.000 μg/mL), tetraciclina (≥ 16 μg/mL) e vancomicina (≥ 32 μg/mL). Em 10 amostras de P. antarcticus e em 15 amostras de S. magellanicus foram identificadas bactérias resistentes a pelo menos um dos antimicrobianos testados. Todas as amostras de P. papua foram sensíveis a esses antimicrobianos. As espécies dos isolados resistentes foram identificadas pelo sequenciamento do rRNA 16S, que revelou sete gêneros, sendo os mais recorrentes Enterococcus sp. e Staphylococcus sp. Esses isolados resistentes também foram triados para a presença de genes de resistência aos antimicrobianos. O tet(M) foi mais abundante em S. magellanicus (5) do que em P. antarcticus (3), ao passo que o int e van(B) foram identificados somente em P. antarcticus (três e um, respectivamente). O gene erm(B) não foi encontrado em nenhum dos isolados. Uma vez que a fração não cultivável das fezes também pode apresentar genes de resistência, foi realizada a extração do DNA das fezes de pinguins antárticos para obtermos DNA de todos os micro-organismos presentes. Os genes mais recorrentes nas amostras de DNA total das fezes de P. antarcticus e P. papua foram, respectivamente, int (5 e 7), seguido de tet(M) (1 e 5). O van(B) foi encontrado em amostras das duas espécies de pinguins, enquanto que o erm(B) foi encontrado somente nas amostras de P. papua. De acordo com esses resultados, houve mais resistência a antimicrobianos na fração cultivável da microbiota de pinguins-de-magalhães do que em pinguins antárticos. Na fração não-cultivável, foram encontrados mais genes de resistência nas amostras de P. papua do que de P. antarcticus. / Antarctic seabird populations have been studied as bioindicators of the nature variability in the Southern Ocean marine ecosystems over the last 50 years. Among the Antarctic seabirds, the most representative species are penguins; they represent 90% of total biomass of birds in the Southern Ocean, and are considered sentinels for environmental changes in the Antarctic region. Pygoscelis antarcticus and P. papua are the most prevalent species in Antarctida. Because they remain among the wild birds with least contact with humans, their microbiota may serve as indicators of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance present in the microbiota of P. antarcticus and P. papua, and compare it with the microbiota of Spheniscus magellanicus (Magellanicus penguins). Magellanicus penguins inhabit Argentina, Chile and Falkland Islands, and therefore have more contact with humans. We have collected samples of apparently fresh feces from P. antarcticus (n = 46) and from P. papua (n = 12) in their respective colonies located in the Elephant Island in December 2014. From S. magellanicus, we have collected cloacal swabs (n = 19) from specimens found in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul, from Quintão to Torres, during the winter months of 2015 and 2016. All samples were evaluated for the presence of resistant bacteria to the following antimicrobials: erythromycin (≥ 8μg/mL), streptomycin (≥ 2.000 μg/mL), tetracycline ( ≥ 16 μg/mL) and vancomycin (32 μg/mL). We have isolated resistant bacteria from 10 samples of P. antarcticus and from 15 samples of S. magellanicus; there was no bacterial growth in the presence of any of these antimicrobials from samples of P. papua feces. The species of resistant bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing: among the 7 genera identified, the most frequent were Enterococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Resistant bacteria were screened for the resistance genes ermB, tet(M), int and van(B). tet(M) was more frequent in S. magellanicus (5) than in P. antarcticus (3), while int and van(B) were identified only in P. antarcticus (3 and 1, respectively). The erm(B) gene was not identified in any isolate. Considering that the non-cultivable fraction from feces can also harbor resistance genes, we extracted DNA from feces of the Antarctic penguins in a attempt to obtain DNA from all micro-organisms of their microbiota. The most abundant genes present in the microbiota of P. antarcticus and P. papua were, respectively: int (5 and 7) and tet (M) (1 and 5). The van(B) gene was found in one sample of each species, while erm(B) was found in only one sample of P. papua. According to our results, antimicrobial resistance is more frequent in the cultivable microbiota of S. magellanicus than of P. antarcticus. In the non-cultivable fraction, resistance genes were more frequent in samples from P. papua than from P. antarcticus.

This thesis offers an ethnographic study of everyday life in Nagovisi of Southwest Bougainville. The study focuses on aspects of how the Nagovisi construe social relations with a specific focus on vernacular categories and ideologies. The thesis deals with ideas about land, perceptions about the fluid nature of Nagovisi sociality, movement, and U-Vistract. The study is primarily based on thirteen months of field research I conducted in the Nagovisi between September 2011 and November of 2012. Through the exploration of the various thematic issues in the individual chapters the thesis offers a comparative scope for a tangential re-evaluation of the mine related crisis on the island. The focus on Noah Musinku and the Kingdom of Papala further illustrates this comparative scope by drawing an analogy between Panguna and U-Vistract and the complex entanglements and interrelationships between ideas relating to land, history, myth, relatedness, social unpredictability, and notions about wealth. It deals with the question of how persons, land and knowledge are mutually constitutive, and how each can affect the other as a result of history, and movement in time and space. By focusing on Nagovisi notions of the unpredictability of talk, knowledge, and the implication this bears on the nature of how people relate to each other and different places the thesis deals with what has long been proven a recalcitrant problem in PNG anthropological literature in which local life worlds are characterised by a fluidity of social forms.