Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:37:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5321_1.pdf: 5149979 bytes, checksum: 5024e80a3c898e8ef33f4fea465f7318 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As redes de telefonia IP popularizaram-se nos últimos anos sobretudo por seu baixo custo e facilidade de utilização. Transmitir voz na forma de pacotes IP favorece o desenvolvimento de uma rede integrada, na qual diversos tipos de dados e mídia trafegam segundo um padrão único, que uniformize os sistemas de telecomunicações (Convergência IP). As redes sobrepostas par-a-par são parcial ou totalmente independentes de qualquer servidor centralizado, possuem alta escalabilidade e fornecem meios para que a comunicação atravesse obstáculos impostos por NATs e firewalls. Tais redes oferecem aos pacotes uma maior flexibilidade de roteamento, permitindo que novas estratégias sejam utilizadas no encaminhamento dos pacotes. Essas estratégias proporcionam uma melhor qualidade de voz ao usuário, principalmente durante falhas e congestionamentos. Nesta dissertação são estudados os sistemas de comunicação de voz sobre IP (VoIP) arquitetados em topologias par-a-par sobrepostas. Aspectos de codificação, sinalização, roteamento e tráfego, bem como os protocolos envolvidos em tais sistemas são descritos. Alternativas para obter uma melhor qualidade de voz através do uso dessa configuração são analisadas. Como contribuições dessa dissertação, é realizada uma análise comparativa entre sistemas VoIP e apresentada uma nova forma quantitativa de medição da QoS (Qualidade de Serviço) baseada na correlação entre os sinais transmitidos e recebidos

CAD (Computer Aided Design) is one method and technique that uses the computer's hardware and software system to assist people design products or projects. It includes such designing activities as design, plot, project analysis and technological file's execution, etc. It is not only a new designing method but also a multi-subject comprehensively applied new technology. CAPP (Computer Aided Process Planning) is the manufacturing and processing course that uses computer to assist design the parts. In a narrow sense, it mainly refers to the completion of processing design and outputting process regulations. On the basis of analyzing and studying PDM system's function, this thesis carries out the research on the key technology of CAD and CAPP integration. The main research contents are summarized as follows : 1: Study the key technology together with its realization method of CAD/CAPP integrated system based on PDM; build up the product-faced integrated system's framework; realize the integration of the enterprise's applied system that is based on file management and with the shared database as its basis. 2: Construct the knowledge-based product's modularized madel and the product's information management system; study the expression and management technology of the product's design information facing the product's life cycle. 3: Apply the product's structure based information integrated technology and modularized design technology to the construction of CAD subsystem, thus realize the development of deformed product faced CAD subsystem. 4: Adopt the feature and product's structure based parts' information in putting technology to study the product's structure based processing information model construction technology. 5: Adopt such multi-technics decision mixture technology as interaction, searches, recension and creation, etc. with the repository as the core to study the repository based flexible process decision making mode. 6: Study the organic amalgamation technology of the multi-technologies in the CAPP fast development tools system, including the feature and product's structure based parts' information inputting technology, flexible process decision making technology, COM based subassembly technology and modularized process design technology, etc. The following knowledge can be learned from this thesis : 1: How to realize the interconnection and interoperation among distributed application systems, application systems and multi isomeric data source. 2: How to draw ideas and technology of PDM into CAD/CAPP intergradations. 3: How to realize derivative design of products. 4: To improve the ability in dealing multi database documents, the design of program frame and the planning of systematic flow. In this thesis, the following points are unique and creative : 1: The characteristics of integrated technology are stressed, which make CAD and CAPP phases of product design integrate organically. 2: Obtain the CAD mode of the design parts from PDM database. Through the interactive interface offered by the system, finish the parts' information input based on the feature in the way of man-machine interaction. 3: The process data will be more structural and normative, if we make the product structure the basis for CAPP system to organize process design. 4: The organic integration of four decision-making modes by this system will not only meet the advanced manufacturing mode's needs represented by the agile manufacturing, but also the practicality of factory. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : CAD, CAPP, PDM, the integrated system, twice development

Thèse : Médecine : Paris : 1861. / N° d'ordre : 23.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2008. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 12 janvier 2009). Bibliogr.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2009. / Bibliogr.: f. [80]-82. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

La fracturation des roches concerne plusieurs applications industrielles, telles que les tunnels, l’excavation, l’extraction de blocs de roches et l'industrie minière. Les techniques classiques pour fracturer la roche sont associées à des inconvénients ceux qui restreignent leur utilisation dans certaines circonstances. Par conséquent, la fracturation par spallation thermique a été suggérée comme une solution alternative. Cela produit des contraintes de compression dans la roche grâce à un flux de chaleur intense. Une fois que ces contraintes dépasseraient la résistance à compression de la roche, la rupture aurait lieu en éjectant des petits éclats. Cette mode de fracturation thermique nécessite une source d’énergie puissante ainsi qu’elle influence négativement les conditions du travail sur le site. Profitant d'une faible résistance à la traction du matériau de roche, le présent travail propose une méthode basée sur un chauffage rapide de la matière rocheuse par un rayonnement micro-ondes, suivi par un refroidissement rapide par de l'eau pour fracturer la roche. Au cours de ce processus, une dilatation thermique est produite à l'intérieur de la zone traitée, qui est ensuite suivie d'une contraction thermique. Cette contraction produit des contraintes de traction, ce qui pourrait conduire à la rupture de la matière de roche. Le processus d'échauffement/refroidissement sera analysés grâce à un modèle numérique ce qui décrit les événements physiques et l'influence de différents paramètres. Expérimentalement, le processus sera examiné du point de vue thermique.‎ / The issue of rock fracturing concerns several industrial applications, such as tunneling or excavation ‎in rock material, extraction of rock blocks and the mining industry. The conventional techniques to ‎fracture the rock material are associated with disadvantages restrict their use in certain circumstances. ‎Consequently, the fracture by thermal spallation was suggested as an alternative solution. This ‎solution basically depends on exceeding the compressive strength of the rock material by compressive ‎stresses induced by heating effects. This necessitates high temperature at the rock surface, which ‎requires high power supply and it degrades the work conditions. Profiting from low tensile strength ‎of the rock material, the present work proposes a method based on a rapid heating of the rock ‎material by microwaves radiation followed by a rapid cooling by water to fracture the rock material. ‎During this process, a thermal dilatation is produced within the treated zone, which is then followed ‎by a thermal shrinkage. This shrinkage produces tensile stresses, which could lead to fracturing the ‎rock material. The heating/cooling process will be analyzed through numerical model describes the ‎physical events and the influence of different parameters. Experimentally, the process will be ‎examined from thermal point of view.‎

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 9 avril 2024) / Les hydroliennes à pale oscillante (HPO) complètement passives ont été optimisées avec les années pour atteindre des efficacités allant jusqu'à 51%. Ces hautes efficacités ont été démontrées sous l'hypothèse que l'écoulement est bidimensionnel et que la taille du canal n'affecte pas les performances de la turbine. Cependant, il en ressort un besoin de démontrer la robustesse de la turbine dans différents environnements d'écoulement. En effet, l'hydrolienne réelle est d'envergure finie, donc les extrémités de la pale engendrent des tourbillons de bout qui réduisent la portance en comparaison avec une turbine 2D. Aussi, l'aire de section de n'importe quel canal a une taille finie, donc la profondeur et la largeur de l'écoulement auront elles aussi un impact sur l'hydrolienne. Ce mémoire vise à démontrer la robustesse de la turbine à des changements géométriques de la forme du canal. Cette démonstration doit être perçue comme un commencement, et non une finalité, puisque de nombreux autres effets ne sont pas abordés ici. Cette robustesse est d'abord démontrée en évaluant qualitativement et quantitativement l'impact de la profondeur d'un canal 2D sur une HPO complètement passive qui fut optimisée par d'anciens étudiants au Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides Numérique. Il est observé que sans modification des paramètres structuraux qui influencent les mouvements non-contraints de la pale, la turbine devient chaotique et inopérable après une faible diminution de la profondeur du canal. Pour retrouver des niveaux de performance intéressants pour des canaux encore moins profonds, une méthode simple est proposée, basée sur un ajustement adéquat du générateur électrique. Grâce à cet ajustement, l'efficacité de la turbine augmente jusqu'à 70% pour des canaux hautement restreints. Enfin, la robustesse de la turbine est démontrée pour un canal 3D où la largeur du canal est variée. Encore ici, l'efficacité de la turbine augmente avec la diminution de l'aire de section du canal, à la différence que la force du générateur ne nécessite pas de modifications. Cette démonstration fut réalisée avec le souci de reproduire la turbine et les conditions d'écoulement correspondant à une étude expérimentale réalisée à la University of Victoria en parallèle à ce mémoire afin d'également montrer que la présente méthodologie numérique se compare bien aux résultats expérimentaux. L'importance de cette démonstration n'est pas à sous-estimer puisque dans le contexte des HPO complètement passives, aucune étude n'a encore validé les simulations sous des conditions d'opérations comparables, c'est-à-dire en incluant la tridimensionnalité de la turbine. / With the passing years, the fully-passive oscillating-foil turbines (OFT) have been optimised up to 51% of efficiency. These incredible efficiencies were made possible under the constrains that the flow is bidimensional and that the size of the channel does not affect the performances of the turbine. There is however a need to demonstrate the resilience of the turbine in different flow conditions. Indeed, the turbine is made up of a three-dimensional blade, so the presence of wing-tip vortices reduce the lift produced in comparison to 2D foils. Also, the cross-sectional area of any channel is finite, so the width and depth of the flow will also impact the turbine. The goal of this master thesis is to demonstrate the resilience of the turbine to geometric changes of the channel. This resilience demonstration must be seen as a start and not a finality since numerous other effects are not discussed here. This resilience is first demonstrated by qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the channel's depth impact on a 2D fully-passive OFT that has been optimized by previous graduate students from the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides Numérique. It has been observed that without modifications of the structural parameters influencing the unconstrained blade, the turbine becomes chaotic and uninteresting after a small decrease of the channel's depth. To retrieve good performances for shallow channels, a simple method is proposed, based on the adjustment of the electric generator. Thanks to this adjustment, the efficiency of the turbine increases up to 70% for highly confined channels. Finally, the resilience of the turbine is demonstrated again in a 3D channel where where the width is varied. Again, the efficiency of the turbine increases with a reduction of the cross-sectional area of the channel. Again, the efficiency of the turbine increased with a decrease of the cross-sectional area of the channel. The difference with the previous 2D study is that the force applied by the generator did not need any modifications. This demonstration has been planned to reproduce at the same time the turbine and the flow conditions used in a experimental study. The goal is to show that the current numerical methodology used compares itself well experimental results. The importance of this demonstration must not be underestimated since in the context of fully-passive OFTs, no study has adapted to compare both approaches in comparable operating conditions, meaning to include the 3D aspect of the turbine.