Abstract In previous taxonomic and fannal studies of millipedes for Taiwan, a total of 58 species were recognizied and in 6 orders, in which 22 were in Paradoxosomatidae. We collected about 379 specimens from Taiwan, and borrowed 321 specimens from other universities and research institutions in Taiwan. By referring to literatures, making use of the optics microscope to observe the external patterns of specimens, and taking photos of SEM, and comparing with the holotypes and paratypes loaned from foreign museums, and finding three species are synonyms: Helicorthomorpha kosingai (Wang, 1958a) is a synonym of H. orthogonal (Silvestri, 1898), Kronopolites ralphi Wang, 1957b is a synonym of K. formosanus (Verhoeff, 1939b), and Oxidus circofera (Verhoeff, 1931) is a synonym of Orthomorphella pekuensis (Karsch, 1881), two species are new synonyms: Orthomorpha flavomarginata Gressitt, 1941 is a new synonym of Orthomorphella pekuensis (Karsch, 1881), Chamberlinius shengmui Wang, 1957b is a new synonym of C. piceofasciatus (Gressitt, 1941), one species, Cawjeekelia nordenskiöldi (Attems, 1909), should be misidentified by Wang which should not distribute in Taiwan. Therefore, there are seventeen species in ten genera of Paradoxosomatidae in Taiwan had been recognizied. In addition, a new recorded species: Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Attems, 1898), two new genera contain three new species: Aposigipinius gen. n., contains two new species, aviformis sp. n. and sierwaldae sp. n., Changius gen. n. contains one new species, jhongshan sp. n., besides, anther ten new species belonging to different genera: Aponedyopus shenghaii sp. n., A. sergeii sp. n., Chamberlinius parhualienensis sp. n., C. parpiceofasciatus sp. n., Inversispina taiwanspiralis sp. n., Nedyopus latus sp. n., N. longitudinalis sp. n., N. microps sp. n., N. passericaudatus sp. n., and N. wui sp. n. So, up to now, there are thirty-one species in fourteen genera of Paradoxosomatidae in Taiwan, and in which twenty-four species in thirteen genera are re-collected and verified in this study.