The purpose of this study is to aid interpreters in evaluation sources (research material) for use in interpretive presentations and programs in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. This was done by illustrating the need for source evaluation and then developing the guidelines for selecting, evaluating, and most effectively using various sources in the development of interpretive programs in the National Parks Services (NPS).

The concept of geopark was first proposed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1999. After that, geotourism emerged as a novel strategy for sustainable development in rural areas. Tourism carrying capacity is a concept related to the optimum use of natural areas without creating environmental degradation. This concept has been widely employed in nature tourism in national parks. To apply the carrying capacity concept in global geoparks, the purpose of this study is to remodel existing tourism carrying capacity frameworks to foster sustainable use of global geoparks. A review of the development of carrying capacity concept and six tourism carrying capacity frameworks, namely, Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC), Visitor Impact Management (VIM), Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP), Visitor Activity Management Process (VAMP), and Tourism Optimization Management Model (TOMM) in Chapter 2 demonstrates that tourism carrying capacity concept is able to raise the awareness on sustainable tourism in national parks but these traditional tourism carrying capacity frameworks commonly failed to address the interests of all stakeholders. Thus, this thesis adopts the definition of tourism carrying capacity for geoparks as the situation or condition of a geopark where there is reconciliation (i.e., having balance and harmony) of environmental conservation, social maintenance, and economic development. Based on the three aspects (i.e., environmental conservation, social maintenance, and economic development) of this concept, a tailor-made framework for global geoparks was built in Chapter 3, using confirmatory factor analysis and the revised importance-performance analysis to evaluate tourism carrying capacity in Global Geoparks. Then the modified tourism carrying capacity framework was applied in two UNESCO Global Geoparks, namely, Hong Kong Global Geopark and Danxiashan Global Geopark, to address the inherent tensions between resources conservation and sustainable development in both Geoparks in Chapters 4 and 5. It was found that 1) there was compatibility only among the three dimensions, namely, environmental conservation, social maintenance, and economic development in two Geoparks; 2) the structure of the framework and the compatibility of the three dimensions can only be confirmed in the local community model (Figure 3.3) by the importance data of factors, i.e., resource, human environment, and facility. No validity can be established in the construct of the GGN model on the local community's satisfaction of the overall environments in two Parks and neither is there an agreement between the visitors in both Parks with the GGN criteria; and 3) from the satisfaction data on the three factors of the visitor model (Figure 3.4), i.e., environmental carrying capacity, political-economic carrying capacity, and socio-demographic carrying capacity, it shows that HKGP appears to be more sustainably managed than DXSGP. Collectively, this study has provided a new framework for evaluating tourism carrying capacity in a geopark. I hope to advance the methodological innovation of sustainable geotourism management and supplement the lacuna of criteria and standards for Global Geoparks in future studies.

No description available.

No description available.

In an effort to increase understanding of social values connected with natural resources, a methodology was developed to identify and assess community values of 14 National Park Service (NPS) units in Virginia. The methodology used a qualitative research approach which emphasized meaning and understanding. Numerical analyses were used where appropriate. This thesis reports the design, application, and evaluation of the methodology. Representatives of the NPS, local government, and chamber of commerce were chosen to provide a broad-based perspective of community values. Time and budget constraints excluded the use of a random survey. Interviews using open-ended questions elicited comments about various topics related to community values. The survey results were used to quantify the relative importance of services and contributions of the NPS units. The survey indicated relatively high importance of educational and cultural/historical contributions to all groups. Active recreation pursuits and social activities were least important. Differences in perceived contributions between NPS personnel and the community (local government and chamber of commerce) were greatest in the education, economic, and cultural/historical categories. NPS personnel always indicated a higher value in the education and cultural/historical categories and the community indicated higher value in the economic category. Comments received were analyzed by categorizing and examining them for common themes. Common themes were found in the areas of land use, education, psychological benefits, and interactions between the NPS and community. Many of these themes included values recognized by NPS personnel and community representatives. Key differences include land development buffer and psychological benefits that were perceived to be greater by community representatives. The results of the survey and interview comments enhanced understanding of the types of community values associated with NPS units and how they affect public perceptions of the NPS. Evaluation provided feedback to improve the methodology in its future applications to NPS units in other states or regions and for other preserved cultural and natural landscapes. Suggestions are given for future research to examine specific community values which this study identified. / Master of Science

Lam Tsz Fung. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2001-2002, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-126). / Mission statement --- p.1 / Background / Country Parks --- p.2 / Marine Parks --- p.5 / Current design approach for Country Parks --- p.7 / Current views for Country Parks --- p.8 / Limitation of current design approach --- p.10 / "Case study - Shing Mun Country Park, HK" --- p.11 / "Case study 一 Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, HK" --- p.14 / "Case study 一 Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, US" --- p.16 / Future recreation pattern / Proactive recreation --- p.19 / "Interpretative planning case study - Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho, US" --- p.22 / Development studies / Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance - Technical Memorandum --- p.25 / Ecotourism --- p.27 / "Case study (Building) - Monterrey Bay Aquarium, California" --- p.28 / Case study (Building) - Jockey Club HSBC WWF HK Marine Life Centre - Hoi Ha Wan --- p.31 / Tung Ping Chau Marine Park / Context --- p.33 / Marine Park / Location map --- p.34 / General map --- p.35 / Topography --- p.36 / Sections --- p.37 / Accessibility --- p.38 / Environment --- p.39 / Behavior pattern --- p.43 / User feedback --- p.A7 / Reason for choosing Tung Ping Chau Marine Park as the study area --- p.48 / Proposed sites --- p.49 / Design strategies --- p.50 / The design of the visit --- p.51 / Preliminary development schedule --- p.53 / Site analysis / Location map --- p.55 / "Path, infrastructure" --- p.56 / "Activities, open spaces" --- p.57 / "Trees, visual attractions" --- p.58 / Use of outdoor living spaces --- p.59 / Existing condition --- p.61 / Preliminary design / Floating decks design --- p.67 / Modification for the existing structure --- p.69 / Proposed plans --- p.72 / Design discussion --- p.77 / Design development / Zoning --- p.78 / Open space design --- p.78 / Separated structure to support new floor deck and new roof --- p.79 / New partition and openings --- p.80 / Updated development schedule --- p.81 / Special study - offsite prefabrication / Theories --- p.83 / Case studies - non-volumetric --- p.86 / Case studies - volumetric --- p.87 / Case studies - modular buildings --- p.88 / Construction process --- p.90 / Material - aluminium --- p.92 / Structural calculation --- p.93 / Final design / Concepts --- p.104 / Existing condition --- p.106 / Proposed scheme --- p.107 / Spatial organization --- p.108 / Functions --- p.109 / Plans --- p.110 / Site section --- p.113 / Construction sequence --- p.116 / Structural concept --- p.117 / Detail --- p.118 / Panels --- p.119 / Site model --- p.122 / Partial building model --- p.123 / Acknowledgements --- p.124 / Bibliography --- p.125

Lam Lai Ling Charis. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2003-2004, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-137). / INTRODUCTION / Chapter PART I --- RESEARCH STUDIES / Observations / Exploration - Model / PRECEDENT STUDIES / Mass with light / Chapter - --- Peter Zumthor / Chapter - --- Louis I. Kahn / Chapter - --- Rafael Moneo / Chapter - --- Le Corbusier / Chapter - --- Tadao Ando / Chapter - --- Steven Holl / Chapter - --- Alberto Campo Baeza / Chapter - --- Carlos Ferrater Lambarri / Chapter - --- James Turrell / Chapter - --- Keith Sonnier / Law Court / Chapter - --- Sandwich-type / Chapter - --- Core-type / Chapter - --- Courtyard-type / Chapter - --- Distinct-type / Chapter PART II --- DESIGN / Site selection / Schematic design / Programatic design / Spatial design / Final design

Tsang, Yin Ting Anton. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 373-402). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iv / 論文摘要 --- p.viii / Table of Contents --- p.xi / List of Tables --- p.xvii / List of Figures --- p.xxiii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Who are “our dolphins and their MPA´ح？ - A general introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- What is a MPA? --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Why MPAs? --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- MPAs & Cetaceans --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- MPAs & Marine Conservation in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Mascot of Hong Kong ´ؤ The Chinese White Dolphin --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Cetaceans in Hong Kong --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- History of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Taxonomy of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- General Descriptions of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Distribution of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.6 --- Conservation Status of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins & Threats that They are Facing --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4 --- The “Dolphin Sanctuary´ح？ - Sha Chau & Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- Significance & Objectives of This Study --- p.18 / Chapter 1.6 --- Study Areas --- p.19 / Chapter 1.7 --- Organization of This Thesis --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- "How are our dolphins doing in the MPA? - Abundance, behaviour and habitat use of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins within and outside the marine park" / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methodology --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Field Sampling --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Dolphin survey --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Collection of information on physical parameters --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Data Analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Definition of parameters --- p.35 / Chapter a) --- Seasonality --- p.35 / Chapter b) --- Dolphin observation regions and areas --- p.36 / Chapter c) --- Standardization of effort --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Observability --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Distribution of Dolphin Sightings --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Number of Dolphin Sightings --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Dolphin Sightings at Different Tidal Movements --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Sighting Rate and Density of Dolphin Sightings --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Composition --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Group Size --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.8 --- Dive Times --- p.59 / Chapter 2.3.9 --- Behaviours --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Identifying “Hotspots´ح --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Areas other than “Hotspots´ح --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Is SLMP Effective? --- p.72 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Seasonality of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.75 / Chapter 2.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- How is our MPA doing to the dolphins? - Factors affecting the abundance and behaviours of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.129 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.132 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Field Sampling --- p.132 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Fish survey --- p.132 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Traffic count --- p.133 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Data Analysis --- p.135 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Definition of parameters --- p.135 / Chapter a) --- Food species --- p.135 / Chapter b) --- Regions and study areas --- p.136 / Chapter c) --- Standardization of effort --- p.137 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.137 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.140 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Abundance & Biomass of Fish --- p.140 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Diversity & Species Richness of Fish --- p.153 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Distribution & Density of Vessel Traffic --- p.158 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Patterns of Vessel Traffic --- p.164 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- "Relationship among Dolphin, Fish & Vessel Traffic" --- p.166 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- Fish & dolphin --- p.166 / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Traffic & dolphin --- p.167 / Chapter 3.3.5.3 --- "Fish, vessel traffic & dolphin" --- p.173 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.174 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- How Was the Fish Doing to the Dolphins? --- p.174 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- How Was Traffic Doing to the Dolphins? --- p.179 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Is SLMP Effective? --- p.184 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Limitations of This Study --- p.187 / Chapter 3.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.189 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- An example to follow or a lesson to learn? - The effectiveness of Sha Chau & Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park in conserving the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.275 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methodology --- p.279 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Source of Data --- p.279 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Dolphin survey --- p.279 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Fish survey --- p.280 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Data Analysis --- p.281 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Definition of parameters --- p.281 / Chapter a) --- Years --- p.281 / Chapter b) --- Standardization of effort --- p.282 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.283 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.284 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Comparison of Dolphin Survey Results --- p.284 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Abundance --- p.284 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Group size --- p.286 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Behaviours --- p.287 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Comparison of Fish Survey Results --- p.289 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Fish abundance & biomass --- p.289 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Fish species & diversity --- p.294 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Trends of Dolphin & Fish --- p.297 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Dolphin trends --- p.297 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Fish trends --- p.299 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Correlations between dolphin & fish trends --- p.301 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.302 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- How Were the Dolphins & Fish doing Throughout These Years? --- p.302 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Further Implications on Cetacean Conservation in Hong Kong --- p.306 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Is SLMP Effective? --- p.309 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Limitations of This Study --- p.315 / Chapter 4.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.316 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- "How shall our dolphin MPA be doing? - Summary, conclusions & further recommendations" / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary & Conclusions --- p.358 / Chapter 5.2 --- Further Recommendations --- p.364 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Larger MPA for the CWD in the Pearl River Estuary --- p.364 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Fishing Management --- p.366 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Traffic Management --- p.367 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Developmental Management --- p.368 / Chapter 5.3 --- PLEASE ACT FAST!! --- p.369 / List of References --- p.373

Thesis (M.M.S.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 59-64.

Thesis (M.M.S.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2000. / Bibliography: leaves 131-137.