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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Utvärdering av Ullnatippens kontrollprogram : En fallstudie byggd på grundvattenmodellering

Larsson, Hanna January 2024 (has links)
There are today thousands of active and disused landfills around Sweden. New landfills have to meet high standards to prevent spreading of contaminants from the landfill, and the more hazardous the waste is, the higher the requirements. This study investigates how contaminants from the landfill Ullnatippen can spread around the area. Ullnatippen is a landfill that today only is used for inert waste, which is waste that does not release hazardous contaminants. The landfill has been used since the 1950s and there is some information that suggests that more hazardous waste has been left on the landfill in the past. Ullnatippen has a control program, consisting of 6 groundwater pipes where samples have been taken every year for many years. The purpose with the control program is to discover contaminants spreading from the landfill. This study also investigates whether the control program is designed in such a way that contaminants measured in the pipes actually derive from the landfill.  To be able to investigate this a groundwater model was built with the program Modflow. From this model, a particle tracking to see the possible routes for contaminants to spread was performed. The result showed that the groundwater from the landfill is moving towards the lake Ullnasjön. The model also confirmed that possible contaminants from the landfill are measured by the control program, but that there is room for improvement since the pipes are located with such long distances. The study also discusses general uncertainties with groundwater modeling and which improvements that have to be done to establish the result from this study.
2

Particle tracking of reactive transport with groundwater in a tailings dam / Partikelspårning av reaktiv transport med grundvatten i en anrikningsdamm

Kokkirala, Rohith January 2024 (has links)
This study focuses on the particle tracking of reactive transport with groundwater in a tailing dam, specifically at the Malmberget mine in Northern Sweden. Understanding the geochemical behaviour of major elements and trace metals in the subsurface environment with a focus on the tailings sand and moraine layers. The mobility and interactions of pollutants through a period of time were simulated using advanced modelling programmes such as FASTREACT, PHREEQC, and MIKE SHE.  The results reveal that major elements such as calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and sulphate (SO₄) remain stable, indicating minimal geochemical reactions within the tailings sand layer. A decline in pH, primarily due to pyrite oxidation, highlights key geochemical changes. Trace metals, including cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), uranium (U), and zinc (Zn), maintain constant concentrations, attributed to the uniformity of processed water both as the infiltrating and existing solution in the tailings sand. In the moraine layer, the incoming water supersedes the existing water, achieving the concentration of the incoming water after subsurface mixing. Consequently, it is essential to assess the concentration reaching the lake to determine safety levels.  In the closure scenario, rainwater replaces the processed water as the infiltrating solution, resulting in gradual dilution and displacement of the original process water chemistry within the tailings sand. This natural attenuation process enhances subsurface water quality by reducing contaminant levels initially introduced by mining operations. In moraine, the incoming concentration from the sand supersedes that of the existing groundwater, leading to an increase in the concentration of the moraine layer. The study also examines travel times, indicating rapid particle movement through the sand layer and more variable travel times through the moraine layer, reflecting geological heterogeneities.  The study emphasises the importance to combine geochemical and hydrological models when evaluating tailings dam effects on the ecosystem in order to decrease the negative consequences of mining operations. The study recommends that future work should add dynamic situations and precise geochemical interactions to improve the knowledge of contaminant behaviour, while accepting limitations such as the assumption of steady-state flow and simplified geochemical processes.  Overall, this study contributes to the development of sustainable mining practices and the protection of surrounding water resources by providing a comprehensive analysis of a simple subsurface geochemical and hydrological processes and their impacts. / Denna studie fokuserar på partikelspårning av reaktiv transport med grundvatten i en avfallsdamm, specifikt vid Malmbergets gruva i norra Sverige. Förstå det geokemiska beteendet hos viktiga grundämnen och spårmetaller i den underjordiska miljön med fokus på avfallssand och moränlager. Föroreningarnas rörlighet och interaktioner under en tidsperiod simulerades med hjälp av avancerade modelleringsprogram som FASTREACT, PHREEQC och MIKE SHE.  Resultaten visar att huvudämnen som kalcium (Ca), natrium (Na) och sulfat (SO4) förblir stabila, vilket indikerar minimala geokemiska reaktioner i avfallssandskiktet. En minskning av pH, främst på grund av pyritoxidation, belyser viktiga geokemiska förändringar. Spårmetaller, inklusive kobolt (Co), koppar (Cu), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), uran (U) och zink (Zn), upprätthåller konstanta koncentrationer, vilket tillskrivs enhetligheten hos bearbetat vatten både som infiltrerande och befintlig lösning i avfallssanden. I moränskiktet ersätter det inkommande vattnet det befintliga vattnet och uppnår koncentrationen av det inkommande vattnet efter blandning under ytan. Följaktligen är det viktigt att bedöma koncentrationen som når sjön för att fastställa säkerhetsnivåer.  I stängningsscenariot ersätter regnvatten det processade vattnet som den infiltrerande lösningen, vilket resulterar i gradvis utspädning och förskjutning av den ursprungliga processvattenkemin i avfallssanden. Denna naturliga dämpningsprocess förbättrar vattenkvaliteten under ytan genom att minska föroreningsnivåerna som initialt introducerades av gruvdrift. I morän ersätter den inkommande koncentrationen från sanden den i det befintliga grundvattnet, vilket leder till en ökning av koncentrationen av moränlagret. Studien undersöker också restider, vilket indikerar snabb partikelrörelse genom sandlagret och mer varierande restider genom moränlagret, vilket återspeglar geologiska heterogeniteter.  Studien understryker vikten av att kombinera geokemiska och hydrologiska modeller vid utvärdering av avfallsdammseffekter på ekosystemet för att minska de negativa konsekvenserna av gruvdrift. Studien rekommenderar att framtida arbete bör lägga till dynamiska situationer och exakta geokemiska interaktioner för att förbättra kunskapen om föroreningars beteende, samtidigt som begränsningar som antagandet om steady-state flöde och förenklade geokemiska processer accepteras.  Sammantaget bidrar denna studie till utvecklingen av hållbara gruvdriftsmetoder och skyddet av omgivande vattenresurser genom att tillhandahålla en omfattande analys av en enkel underjordisk geokemiska och hydrologiska processer och deras effekter.

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