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Urban renewal in Hong Kong has a long history. However, the difficulties in land acquisition and rehousing had made most of the Government's urban renewal attempts unsuccessful. Moreover, urban renewal projects often caused citizen protest resulting in years of negotiations between the Government and the affected communities. On the other hand, piecemeal urban redevelopment by individual developers has always resulted in an undesirable "pencil" urban pattern which make long term comprehensive redevelopment more difficult. The Land Development Corporation (LDC) was established in 1988 to promote and facilitate urban renewal by means of utilisation of resources in the private sector (i.e. public-private partnership approach). This dissertation conceptualises that the fundamental causes of implementation problems for LDC's urban redevelopment projects in Hong Kong relate to the Mackintosh's concept of "partnership". Problems and issues arise when there are inequalities occur in the distribution of power among partners in urban renewal partnerships. The LDC's urban redevelopment projects without addressing this critical factor would eventually fail. With the increasing accountability to the urban planning processes, the Hong Kong Government can no longer ignore the significance of "community involvement" in urban renewal. The LDC's partnerships involve different parties such as property owners, private developers and different user categories as well as the Government. Their interaction may lead to conflictual interests through three major issues of partnerships: motivation of partnership, distribution of cost and benefits among the partners and the power relations between the public and private sectors in deal making. It has been possible to address these dilemmas using urban regime theory, the approach underlying this research. In this respect, two case studies of the redevelopment partnership projects examine the difficulties and the role of the LDC in promoting and facilitating urban renewal. In particular this dissertation is revealed that the popularity of the partnership approach faded away as quickly as it had become popular. The most important explanation is that under the existing Land Development Corporation Ordinance, the Hong Kong Government used the concept as an instrument to solve the financial problems in urban redevelopment processes. The Government was not aware of the social dimension of partnership. The concept can be applied in a successful way only if the relationship with private developers and affected residents is redefined. To address the LDC's partnership problems in a comprehensive way, a fundamental redefinition of the existing relationship between different stakeholders is proposed. Firstly, has to be based on the concept of the "Government-led" approach which requires reducing limitations in the current's Land Development Corporation Ordinance, and the successful of urban redevelopment could only be achieved through Government intervention. Secondly, a new Urban Renewal Authority (URA) with much wider jurisdiction, power and resource base than the existing the Land Development Corporation is recommended Thirdly, it is recommended that urban redevelopment must embrace a wider community agenda. This needs to relate physical redevelopment in a more equitable way towards wider economic, social and community concerns. Finally, the dissertation is concluded that the inclusion of community participation in administrative and legislative processes will definitely help to balance power amongst Government, the Land Development Corporation, private developers, and the affected residents in urban redevelopment process.

游子安. / 手稿本, 複本影印手稿本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部. / Shou gao ben, fu ben ying yin shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 274-298). / You Zi'an. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan li shi xue bu. / 論文撮要 --- p.1 / Chapter （一） --- 前言 --- p.3 / Chapter （二） --- 合伙制與伙計制釋義 / Chapter 1 --- 合伙經營的緣起 --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- 「伙計」涵義的演變 --- p.13 / Chapter （三） --- 唐宋時代的合伙經營與商業管理 --- p.20 / Chapter （四） --- 明清時代商業的合伙經營 --- p.31 / Chapter 1 --- 明清時代的金融信用機構 --- p.32 / Chapter 2 --- 明清時代的算術書、商業書與同本合約 --- p.52 / Chapter 3 --- 明清時代商業的合伙制 / Chapter (1) --- 轉運商與海上貿易商的合伙制 --- p.77 / Chapter (2) --- 商業鋪坊的合伙制 --- p.98 / Chapter 4 --- 從「高樸私鬻玉石案」看清代前期的合伙制與伙計制 --- p.113 / Chapter 5 --- 小結 --- p.131 / Chapter （五） --- 清代前期礦業的合伙經營 --- p.133 / Chapter 1 --- 清代前期廣東冶鐵業的合伙經營 --- p.138 / Chapter 2 --- 清代前期北京與山東媒窋的合伙經營 --- p.145 / Chapter 3 --- 清代前期四川井鹽業的合伙經營 --- p.164 / Chapter 4 --- 小結 --- p.174 / Chapter （六） --- 明清時代商業的伙計制和商業管理 --- p.177 / Chapter 1 --- 明清時代伙計／與掌計的分工及其專業才能 --- p.179 / Chapter 2 --- 明清時代商業的管理階層──伙計與掌計 --- p.197 / Chapter 3 --- 小結 --- p.217 / Chapter （七） --- 清代前期礦業的管理方式 --- p.220 / Chapter （八） --- 明清時代商、礦業合伙經營的分析 --- p.237 / Chapter （九） --- 明清時代商、礦業管理的分析 --- p.261 / Chapter （十） --- 結論 --- p.270 / 主要參考資料 --- p.274

by Chan, Man-Kuen Christine. / Thesis submitted in: July 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-101). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.i / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / Chapter CHAPTER I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Strategic Aspect --- p.6 / Cultural Aspect --- p.11 / Social Aspect --- p.12 / The Critique of Previous Research --- p.13 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- Hypotheses --- p.18 / Interdependence --- p.18 / Cultural Congruence --- p.25 / Social Connectedness --- p.32 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- Methodology --- p.38 / Sample --- p.38 / Measurement --- p.43 / Statistical Methods --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- Results --- p.56 / Hypotheses Testing --- p.56 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.74 / Implications --- p.79 / Limitations and Future Research --- p.82 / Conclusion --- p.84 / APPENDIX A --- p.87 / Summary of the Literature on Global Strategic Alliance Survival --- p.87 / REFERENCES --- p.90

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-78)

The demands for delivering basic infrastructure services keep growing worldwide. However, funding from government and public agencies alone cannot cover the capital needed to operate and maintain existing infrastructures, much less to construct new ones. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), utilizing private capitals, are an innovative and cost-effective financing mechanism to solve this budgetary shortage problem. PPPs are becoming accepted by more and more public agencies all over the world as an alternative option to bridge the budget gap. However, this financial mechanism is relatively new and many institutions are still exploring the tool. In this thesis research, basic procedures and useful resources for conducting various analyses related to PPP projects are synthesized and discussed based on a wide range of literature. Basic concepts, such as project finance, value for money, and financial viability, are first presented as an introduction to PPPs. Then the differences of PPP development between developed countries and developing countries are discussed. Since risk analysis is the key part in PPP project analyses, information on risk identification, quantification, allocation, and management is illustrated with examples. Furthermore, resources such as web-based tools and mathematical models applicable to dealing with PPP projects and quantifying risks associated with PPP procurements are provided. This thesis can help both public and private sectors better understand PPPs. / text

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are a 21st century solution to not only fund the infrastructure projects needed in the United States but also provide long-term insight and management. The large-scale infrastructure projects of the 20th century were distinctly a product of the federal government. That traditional model of government-financed infrastructure has proven to be unsustainable as mandatory entitlement spending strains additional federal dollars needed for infrastructure investment. Given the potential of PPPs to rebuild the nation’s roads, bridges, ports, transit, and other infrastructure, this thesis looks at several cities in the U.S. administering PPPs to consider what is required for their successful implementation. Transparency must be expected and metrics must be incorporated so that the ultimate beneficiary of the partnership is the public.

International develoment non-government organisations (INGOs)are a recognised component of Aotearoa New Zealand society. In 2012 CID advised the Government that INGOs are the key conduit for many thousands of New Zealanders that donated over $114 million in 2011 in support of international development and disaster relief. Since the 1970s the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TRade (MFAT) has managed the allocation of a proportion of Government Overseas Development Assistance to subsidise the money raised from the public by the INGOs. The impact of INGO involvement in development projects and programmes has received considerable academic scrutiny; however little attention has been paid to the understanding and operation of partnership within international activities . This thesis focuses on the partnership practices of New Zealand INGOs.

Univ., Diplomarbeit, 2002 u.d.T.: Marx, Sven-Patrick: Entwicklungstendenzen des europäischen Planungsrechts am Beispiel öffentlich-privater Kooperationen im Städtebau--Kassel / Gedr. Ausg. zu beziehen über das Infosystem Planung, FB 6, Universität Kassel, Henschelstr. 2, 34127 Kassel (www.isp.uni-kassel.de).

Thesis (LL. M.)--University of Toronto, 2004. / Adviser: David Stevens.