University of Macau / Faculty of Law

<p><p>This work analyzes the impact of regulation policies in two distinct settings.</p><p><p>Chapter 1 provides an overview of the existing theoretical literature on innovation and entrepreneurship. It summarizes some of the main findings of the effect of various means of protecting intellectual property on the innovation incentives and the level of entrepreneurship activity. A general observation is that much of the existing work compares the extremes of no protection and perfect protection and the resulting prediction is that perfect protection leads to higher innovation incentives. This is puzzling in light of the empirical evidence that shows the opposite trend. Chapter 2 explicitly takes into account the fact that patent protection is imperfect and likely to lie in between the two extremes. In addition, in more than 70% of infringement cases in the U.S., infringement damages are calculated according to the so-called reasonable royalties rule that essentially awards a portion of the imitator's realized revenues to the innovator. I show that incorporating these two facts result in a non-monotonic relationship between the patent strength and R&D investment if one moves from zero protection to perfect protection in a continuous way. The intuition is that when protection is less than perfect, though not zero, equilibrium may involve both imitation and damages. Viewing damages as an alternative source of profits, the innovator may be less aggressive in pursuing R&D as patents become stronger. This result has important welfare implications. Besides the well-known effect of reducing welfare due to less competitive markets, stronger protection can further curtail welfare by decreasing R&D investment.</p><p><p>Chapter 3, coauthored with Professor Huseyin Yildirim, studies situations, in which one buyer sequentially negotiates with multiple suppliers to acquire goods or services that are either complements or substitutes to each other. We find that the buyer weakly prefers private negotiations because it creates strategic uncertainty about the outcomes from earlier negotiations, leading to less aggressive pricing. For substitutes, this strategic uncertainty is more beneficial for short expiries because long ones allow purchasing decisions to be made after all negotiations are over, creating enough competition on their own and leading to Bertrand prices. In contrast to substitutes, for which suppliers are in direct competition, complements create incentives for suppliers to coordinate their prices to extract the additional surplus resulting from the complementarities of their goods. In this case, introducing uncertainty through privacy is more beneficial for the buyer as suppliers' bargaining powers increase vis-á-vis the buyer because it creates greater coordination concerns. This leads to a somewhat surprising result that the buyer could benefit from negotiating with more powerful suppliers. The model enables an evaluation of certain laws and regulations that govern bilateral negotiations. For instance, open record/open meetings laws, setting rules on public access of information, generate efficient outcomes, but in general are harmful to the buyer. Similarly, the FTC's cooling-off rule sets long expiries by giving the buyer three days to cancel a contract, which generates efficient outcomes when goods are substitutes because of suppliers' Bertrand pricing, but reduces efficiency when goods are complements since long expiries make coordination harder to sustain.</p> / Dissertation

In the age of Knowledge-based Economy, knowledge will become the main motive power of economic growth. Patent, as one of the indicators of intellectual properties, is suitable for measuring the competition potential, technology capabilities, and innovation performance of corporations. In the model of mass production and fast manufacturing, the price of goods decrease acutely and getting the Taiwanese corporations into the low margin age. How to make the most of intellectual properties and patents to increase the additional value is the key to success. Taiwanese companies had starting to apply for patents in many countries, but the licensing fee and litigation are still in high level. That express that the qualities and quantities of the patents are still not enough to cover the technologies and products of Taiwanese companies. This study takes computer heat dissipation industry for example, and using the patent analysis, Logistic curve, and patent strategy matrix to discuss the patent application and patent strategy. The research result shows that the computer heat dissipation industry is in the mature stage, the degree of patent is crowded, and the rate of change is slow. Most of the Taiwanese companies are small scale and not good at inventing in the most advanced technologies. Especially in this mature industry, this study suggest Taiwanese corporations should take licensing, avoiding existing patents, and improvement development as basic patent strategies. Not to apply lots of patents in small scope to suit each other, but should establish patent alliance or co-development, even join or make the industry standard to earn competition advantages.

No description available.

Zugl.: Giessen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Univ., Diss.--Göttingen, 2005. / Literaturverz. S. 323 - 341.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Zürich.

Thesis--New York University. / Without thesis statement. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-161) and index.

Thesis--New York University. / Without thesis statement. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-161) and index.

Submitted master thesis discusses patent law legislation in the Czech Republic. The purpose of this thesis is to examine current legislation in particular with the focus on gaining the patent protection as well as following proceedings and to point out possible uncertainties and particularities of such proceedings given by special nature of patent proceedings in relation to administrative proceedings in general. Considering the mutual bond between the substantive and procedure patent law, this thesis also deals with selected substantive issues. Except for the introduction and the conclusion the work is divided into six chapters. These chapters are notionally split in two main parts. First part consists of first three chapters and is considered to be the introduction to the issue of patent law; second part, consisting of last remaining chapters, represents the core of the thesis on its own. First chapter deals with defining the main terms in the field of patent law and intellectual property law as such. Firstly, it deals with the term intellectual property following by industrial property which are commonly defined by enumeration of subjects belonging to one or the other. Moreover, this chapter concentrates on explaining what patent law, patent and invention legally mean. Second chapter is dedicated...