Species in the genus Armillaria are Basidiomycete, white-rot fungi. A study was done to determine the speciation of southern Arizona field collections. A number of isolates were positively or tentatively identified as belonging to Armillaria intersterility groups I, III, IV, or X. Some isolates had negative mating reactions with all intersterility group testers. Temperature - growth rate studies were done, and other cultural characteristics described. Additional areas of research on the species of Armillaria in southern Arizona were suggested.

Crude sap of pepper Capsicum frutescens L. 'NM 6-4' infected with pepper mottle virus (PeMV) was treated with nitrous acid to induce mutants. Twelve isolates were selected from two distinct types of local lesions on Capsicum frutescens L. 'tabasco'. Of the twelve isolates, four produced mild symptoms on both pepper foliage and fruit. When these mild isolates were inoculated to pepper plants and subsequently challenged with wild type PeMV, they protected the plants from the severe effect of the wild type isolate. Marketable pepper fruit from these protected plants was not significantly different from fruit from uninfected pepper plants.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of utterance length and meaningfulness on the speech initiation times of stuttering and nonstuttering children. Subjects were 36 elementary school students: 18 stutterers and 18 nonstutterers matched by age, grade, and gender. Each child produced 23 each of a short meaningful, long meaningful, and long nonsense utterance in response to a visual cue. Results are consistent with other studies that found stutterers to be slower than nonstutterers when responding verbally to an external cue. It is also apparent that nonstuttering, stuttering-only, and stuttering-plus children are affected differently by utterance length and meaningfulness. This indicates that the three groups may process speech motor events for verbal responses differently.

This study evaluated empirically the Test for Examining Expressive Morphology and the Patterned Elicitation Syntax Test with Morphophonemic Analysis to determine their capacity to aid in answering the following diagnostic questions: (1) "Is there a language impairment" and (2) "What are the specific areas of deficit?" For the first question, a discriminant analysis using 40 preschool children (20 with specific language impairment (SLI), and 20 with normally developing language) revealed 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity for each test. For the second question, an item analysis revealed inconsistent pass/fail rates and low point-to-point agreement for SLI children's performance on items targeting the same morphosyntactic structure across tests. Given their high discriminant capacity, but inconsistent item-level performance, both tests proved appropriate diagnostic tools for question 1 but inappropriate for question 2.

A field survey of mature lemon trees showed an average of 30% of the trees with symptoms of brown heartwood rot caused by Coniophora sp. The temperature range of growth in culture for Coniophora is 15-40C with growth optimum at 30C. Vegetative incompatibility trials from one mature orchard show isolates from different trees are incompatible. In wood block decay studies, the average weight loss over 20 weeks was 5-20%. In comparison, decay studies comparing Coniophora with other brown or white rotting fungi, the other fungi decayed 4-8 times more in vitro. Cultural characteristics include simple septate hyphae, moderately growing mycelium that develop crustose brown to brownish-black patches as they mature, and negative for polyphenol oxidases. In vitro fungicide trials show that only NECTEC paste was effective in reducing decay on lemon blocks inoculated 15 weeks with Coniophora. SEM studies show mycelial fragments, pit enlargement, in radial plates, cracking and disintegration of wood.

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