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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Digitally editing manuscript prose in Castilian : the 'Crónica particular de San Fernando' : a case study

Duxfield, Polly Louise January 2019 (has links)
This thesis accompanies the digital edition of the 'Crónica particular de San Fernando', and includes a rationale for and an explanation of many of the implications of the decisions taken in the preparation of this edition. The edition is used as a case study for the digital editing of medieval prose in Castilian at the present time. To this end, there is an in-depth examination of the history, context and current situation of the digital editing of medieval texts, focussing specifically on prose, and in particular prose in Castilian. The text and contact of the Crónica particular de San Fernando are also studied, to inform the preparation of its digital edition. My central thesis is that the decisions made when preparing a digital edition should take into account the perceived needs of edition users, including both contemporary users and, as far as possible, future users. These decisions should be informed by the nature of the text itself, its context, and transmission, as these will affect how and by whom the edition is used. They should also be informed by an understanding of how digital editions differ from their print counterparts, in both preparation and usage.
2

The Distribution of Sedimentation Rates Based on Pb-210 off Southwestern Taiwan

Chen, Yen-ming 24 May 2007 (has links)
Abstract This study belongs to one part of FATES research program, which studies the fate of terrestrial substances in Kaoping river-sea system. The task is to study the components and properties of sediments and spatial distribution of sedimentation rates off the southwest Taiwan by analyzing water content, TOC, CaCO3, grain size, P-wave velocity and radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs in sediments. Thirty cores collected for this study were divided into three groups based on topography and they are Kaoping continental shelf, slope and canyon. The highest TOC content is 1.53 % in ORI732-ST31 and TOC content ranges from 0.20~0.93 % for the rest of sediments from other stations. The highest CaCO3 content is found in ORI732-ST18, 30, ORI779-ST1, and ST12. Most of the CaCO3 content is greater than 4% at these four stations. Probably because of the lower sedimentation rates that result in less terrestrial substances for diluting the CaCO3. In the shelf and slope regions, the distribution of grain size progressively decreases as the water depth increases. Grain size in the stations farther down the canyon, however, is coarser than those at upper canyon. It suggests that there is other sediment source for stations in the canyon in addition to the Kaoping river. The sedimentation rates derived from 210Pbex profiles range from 0.073~0.168 cm/yr in shelf, 0.033~0.670 and 0.094~0.411 cm/yr in continental slope and canyon, respectively. Sedimentation rates are all less than 0.2 cm/yr in the shelf area, but there are five stations with sedimentation rates higher than 0.2 cm/yr in the slope and canyon areas. Among the five stations, the sedimentation rate is up to 0.670 cm/yr (ORI779-ST9), suggesting that 302~822 m deep in the slope and 975~1156 m deep in the canyon are the deposition centers. In some stations, anomalously low 210Pbex activities exist in surface or sub-surface sediments, indicating that the low 210Pbex activity sediments may be typhoon-induced turbidite sediments. According to Central Weather Bureau¡¦s typhoon catalog, in the year of coring there were seven typhoons striking Taiwan. Among these typhoons, Hai-tang was the strongest one, suggesting that the turbidite sediments mentioned above were likely caused by typhoon Hai-tang. Besides, turbidite sediments appear at water depth of over 700 m, indicating episodic turbidite events are an important way to transport particles offshore.
3

Transverse heated filter atomizer: atomic absorption determination of Pb and Cd in urine

Ngobeni, P, Canario, C, Katskov, DA, Thomassen, Y 30 April 2003 (has links)
A transverse heated filter atomizer (THFA) was applied to the direct determination of Cd and Pb in urine, and its analytical performances were investigated using a PerkinElmer SIMAA 6000 atomic absorption spectrometer. Seronorm certified human urine reference materials and six realistic samples collected locally were used for the method validation. The urines were diluted ten- or five-fold with 0.2% HNO3. Cd and Pb nitrate solutions were employed as standards. Recoveries of the elements from the urine samples were investigated with the analyte addition method. Compared to the transverse heated graphite atomizer (THGA) with a platform, the THFA provided a significant reduction of spectral background and chemical interferences from the urine matrix, without the use of chemical matrix modifiers, a 1.5–2 times increase of the determination sensitivity and, therefore, a reduction of limits of detection up to 0.018 and 0.2 mg L21 for Cd and Pb, respectively. The use of a THFA collector made from carbon fiber and a tungsten wire improved recoveries of lead and cadmium in urine (¢92%). A sampling temperature 150 uC enabled us to skip the drying period, thus a significantly reduced temperature program was obtained. The accuracies of the measurements of Cd and Pb in the Seronorm urine materials were in good agreement with the recommended values: 4.1 ¡ 0.1 mg L21 of Cd (recommended 5) and 92 ¡ 1 mg L21 of Pb (recommended 85). The lifetime of the THFA for Pb determination was longer than 700 firings, with the sensitivity loss not more than 25% after 500 firings.
4

Electrodeposition of Pb-free, Sn-based Alloy Solder Films

Han, Chunfen Unknown Date
No description available.
5

Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of Prussian Blue systems

Glidle, A. January 1988 (has links)
No description available.
6

Évolution géodynamique d’un arc insulaire néoprotérozoïque de l’Anti -Atlas marocain : caractérisation des processus de croissance intra-océanique et d’accrétion / Geodynamic evolution of a Neoproterozoic island arc complex (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) : tracking intra-oceanic arc growth and accretion processes

Triantafyllou, Antoine 18 November 2016 (has links)
Les reliques néoprotérozoïques d’un système d’arc intra-océanique affleurent dans l’Anti-Atlas au Sud du Maroc, dans les fenêtres du Sirwa et de Bou Azzer. Les deux zones présentent des ensembles fortement tectonisés représentés au Nord par une séquence ophiolitique d’arrière-arc charriée sur des complexes d’arc accrétés au Sud. Ces complexes d’arc (complexes de Tachakoucht, Tazigzaout et Bougmane) sont composés de gneiss granodioritiques et d’amphibolites dont les protolithes, datés entre 750 et 730 Ma, montrent des signatures typiques d’arcs océaniques. Ces derniers ont été enfouis, déformés et métamorphisés sous des conditions de MP-MT (700°C – 8 kbar) à Tachakoucht et de HP-MT à Bougmane (750°C – 10 kbar) avant que des magmas basiques hydratés (hornblendites, gabbros à hornblende) d’affinités d’arcs océaniques ne les intrudent successivement à ~700 et ~650 Ma. Ces épisodes magmatiques ont bouleversé le régime thermique de l’arc entrainant la granulitisation et la fusion partielle des roches encaissantes à plusieurs niveaux crustaux de l’arc et générant des magmas granodioritiques à granitiques recoupant la section crustale du paléo-arc et de l’ophiolite sus-jacente. Cette étude de terrain, pétrologique, géochimique et géochronologique a mis en évidence trois épisodes de magmatisme océanique d’arc sur une période de plus de 120 Ma (de 760 à 640 Ma). La croissance de ce paleo-arc fut contrôlée par les phases successives d’alimentation magmatique mais aussi par des processus tectoniques d’épaississement en domaine intra-océanique et ce, avant l’obduction de l’arc sur le Craton Ouest africain autour de 630-600 Ma. / Relics of an intra-oceanic arc system are exposed in the Anti-Atlas in southern Morocco, in the Sirwa and Bou Azzer windows. Both of these areas form a highly tectonized patchwork made of a back-arc ophiolitic sequence to the north thrusted onto accreted arc complexes to the south. These arc complexes (Tachakoucht, Tazigzaout and Bougmane complexes) are made of granodioritic gneisses and amphibolites with typical oceanic arc signature and for which igneous ages range from 750 to 730 Ma. These magmas were buried, deformed and metamorphosed under MP-MT conditions in Tachakoucht (700°C - 8kbar) and HP-MT in Bougmane (750°C - 10 kbar) prior to several magmatic events dated at 700 and 650 Ma and the intrusion of hydrous basic magmas (hornblende gabbros, hornblendites) with oceanic arc signatures. This episodic magmatism strongly perturbed the thermal regime of the arc leading to the granulitization of the host rocks at different levels of the arc crust and to the genesis of intermediate to felsic magmas (granodioritic to granitic). These ones have been segregated through the crustal section intruding both stacked paleo-arc and ophiolitic remnants. This field, petrological, geochemical and geochronological study established that oceanic arc magmatism in the Anti-Atlas occurred in three flare-ups on a 120 Ma long time span (760 to 640 Ma). The growth of the arc was controlled and driven both by successive magmatic inputs and intra-oceanic tectonic thickening processes while final collision of the intraoceanic system with the West African Carton occurred later, around 630-600 Ma.
7

Geologia isotópica em zircões detríticos (U-Pb, Hf e O) e em rocha total (Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb) das rochas da Bacia do Paraná em Santa Catarina / Isotopic geology on detrital zircons (U-Pb, Hf and O) and on whole rock (Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb) from rocks of the Paraná Basin in Santa Catarina

Canile, Fernanda Maciel 15 January 2016 (has links)
Dados isotópicos U-Pb, Hf e de O foram obtidos em zircões detríticos das unidades do final do Paleozoico e início do Mesozoico da Bacia do Paraná, sudeste do Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a proveniência dos sedimentos, assim como contribuir para o entendimento da evolução tectônica da bacia. Assinaturas isotópicas Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb em amostras de rocha-total também foram obtidas com o intuito de auxiliar na interpretação sobre as áreas fontes. A seção estudada, Coluna White em Santa Catarina, inclui rochas de 11 unidades estratigráficas (da base para o topo): Formação Rio do Sul, Formação Rio Bonito, incluindo os membros Triunfo, Paraguaçu e Siderópolis, Formação Palermo, Formação Irati, Formação Serra Alta, Formação Teresina, Formação Rio do Rasto, subdividida nos membros Serrinha e Morro Pelado, e Formação Botucatu, Idades U-Pb foram obtidas em 1941 grãos de zircão detrítico e variam de 242 Ma a 3,4 Ga. Todas as unidades sedimentares apresentam quatro grupos principais de zircões detríticos, Neoarqueano (2,7-2.5 Ga), Paleoproterozoico Médio (2,0-1,8 Ga), Grenviliano (1,1-0,9 Ga) e Brasiliano (850-490 Ma), refletindo a importância do embasamento Pr-e-Cambriano que bordeja a parte leste da bacia como áreas fontes, tais como as Faixas Dom Feliciano, Kaoko e Namaqua-Natal, incluindo o embasamento local datado em 584 Ma. O Membro Siderópolis apresenta uma importante mudança nas fontes dos sedimentos que preencheram a Bacia do Paraná, pois é a partir dessa unidade que o pico de idade permiana (266 a 290 Ma) é observado. Esse pico persiste até o topo da seção, a Formação Botucatu. As assinaturas isotópicas de O e Hf dos zircões detríticos mostram que parte dos grãos do Paleoproterozoico Médio é provavelmente de rochas do embasamento atualmente recoberto, que estava exposto até a deposição da Formação Rio Bonito. Os isotópos de Hf e O também mostram que parte dos zircões com idade grenviliana é proveniente de rochas argentinas, o que implica em longas distâncias de transporte. As assinaturas isotópicas de parte dos grãos permianos os ligam a fontes da Argentina e Chile, sendo que parte desses grãos possui forma mais arredondada, o que sugere que eles alcançaram a bacia pelo transporte em ambientes subaquáticos e não somente pelo ar (quedas de cinzas vulcânicas) como é comumente apontado. Outros picos de idade mais jovens (Ordoviciano ao Carbonífero), observados a partir da Formação Palermo e nas unidades superiores, também são provenientes de fontes argentinas e chilenas, mostrando a importância dos detritos de fontes distantes durante o preenchimento da bacia. Os dados Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb em rocha total mostram que os sedimentos da Bacia do Paraná apresentam predominância de fontes de origem crustal. As assinaturas são semelhantes aos granitoides de Santa Catarina, rochas da Faixa Ribeira, do Escufo Brasileiro, das Faixas Namaqua-Natal e Kaoko, Terreno Arequipa-Antofalla (embasamento dos Andes) e granitoides do Norte da Patagônia. Esses dados corroboram os padrões de zircões detríticos observados, que apontam para áreas fontes tanto proximais quanto distais. Além disso, as idades modelo Sm-Nd (\'T IND. DM\') obtidas são mais antigas que 1,4 Ga e mais negativas (-10 a -15) nas unidades inferiores (Formação Rio do Sul até o Membro Paraguaçu), enquanto que as unidades superiores apresentam valores de \'\'épsilon\' IND.Nd(0) entre -6 a -12 e idades modelo \'T IND.DM\' mais jovens que 1,5 Ga, sugerindo a participação de uma fonte mais jovem a partir da deposição do Membro Siderópolis, conforme foi observado pelos dados de zircão detrítico (pico de idade permiana) / U-Pb, Hf and O isotope data were obtained from detrital zircons from late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic units from Paraná Basin, southeastern Brazil, in order to constain the provenance of the sediments, as well as to contribute to the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the basin. Whole rock Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb isotopic signatures were also taken in order to help the interpretation. The studied section, White Column in Santa Catarina state, includes rocks from 11 stratigraphic units (from base to top): Rio do Sul Formation, Rio Bonito Formation (Triunfo, Paraguaçu and Siderópolis members), Palermo Formation, Irati Formation, Serra Alta Formation, Teresina Formation, and Rio do Rasto Formation (Serrinha and Morro Pelado members) and Botucatu Formation. U-Pb ages were obtained on 1941 detrital zircons and range from 242 Ma to 3400 Ma. All sedimentary units show four main detrital age groups, Neoarchean (2700-2500 Ma), mid-Paleoproterozoic (2000-1800 Ma), Grenvillian (1100-900 Ma) and Brasiliano (850-490 Ma), reflecting the importance of the Precambrian basement bordering the east side of the basin, such as Dom Feliciano, Kaoko and Namaque-Natal Belts as source areas, including the local basement that was dated at 584 Ma. The Siderópolis Member shows an important change in the source of sediments with a Permian age-peak (266 to 290 Ma). This age-peak persists towards the top of the section until the Botucatu Formation. O and Hf isotopic signatures from the detrital zircons show that a portion of the mid-Paleoproterozoic grains is probably from rocks of the presently covered basement, which was exposed until the deposition of the Rio Bonito Formation. O and Hf isotopes also show that some Grenvillian aged zircons are from Argentinian rocks, which implies a long transport distance. Isotopic signatures of part of the Permian grains also link them to sources from Argentina and Chile, and part of these grains has more rounded shapes, suggesting that they reached the basin after long distance traveling on subaquatic environment and nor only through the air (ash falls) as it is commonly accepted. Other younger age peaks (Ordovician to Carboniferous) found from Palermo Formation upsection are also linked to Argentinian and Chilean sources, showing the importance of distant sources during the filling of the basin. The Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb data on whole rocks show that the sediments from the Paraná Basin present predominance of sources with crustal origin. Osotopic signatures are similar to granitoid rocks from Santa Catarina, Ribeira Belt, Brazilian Shield, Namaqua-Natal and Kaoko Belts, as well as the Arequipa-Antofalla terranes (Andes basement) and granitoids from North Patagonia. These data corroborate the observed detrital zircon patterns thar point to both proximal and distal source areas. \'T IND.DM\' model ages older than 1.4 Ga and more negative (-10 to -15) epsilon values were observed in the lower units (Rio do Sul Formation to Paraguaçu Member), while the upper units show \'\'épsilos\' IND.Nd(0)\' values ranging from -6 to -12 and \'T IND. DM\' model ages younger than 1.5 Ga, corroborating the addition of a younger source starting from the Siderópolis Member deposition upwards, as noted by detrital zircon data (Permian age-peak).
8

Geologia isotópica em zircões detríticos (U-Pb, Hf e O) e em rocha total (Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb) das rochas da Bacia do Paraná em Santa Catarina / Isotopic geology on detrital zircons (U-Pb, Hf and O) and on whole rock (Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb) from rocks of the Paraná Basin in Santa Catarina

Fernanda Maciel Canile 15 January 2016 (has links)
Dados isotópicos U-Pb, Hf e de O foram obtidos em zircões detríticos das unidades do final do Paleozoico e início do Mesozoico da Bacia do Paraná, sudeste do Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a proveniência dos sedimentos, assim como contribuir para o entendimento da evolução tectônica da bacia. Assinaturas isotópicas Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb em amostras de rocha-total também foram obtidas com o intuito de auxiliar na interpretação sobre as áreas fontes. A seção estudada, Coluna White em Santa Catarina, inclui rochas de 11 unidades estratigráficas (da base para o topo): Formação Rio do Sul, Formação Rio Bonito, incluindo os membros Triunfo, Paraguaçu e Siderópolis, Formação Palermo, Formação Irati, Formação Serra Alta, Formação Teresina, Formação Rio do Rasto, subdividida nos membros Serrinha e Morro Pelado, e Formação Botucatu, Idades U-Pb foram obtidas em 1941 grãos de zircão detrítico e variam de 242 Ma a 3,4 Ga. Todas as unidades sedimentares apresentam quatro grupos principais de zircões detríticos, Neoarqueano (2,7-2.5 Ga), Paleoproterozoico Médio (2,0-1,8 Ga), Grenviliano (1,1-0,9 Ga) e Brasiliano (850-490 Ma), refletindo a importância do embasamento Pr-e-Cambriano que bordeja a parte leste da bacia como áreas fontes, tais como as Faixas Dom Feliciano, Kaoko e Namaqua-Natal, incluindo o embasamento local datado em 584 Ma. O Membro Siderópolis apresenta uma importante mudança nas fontes dos sedimentos que preencheram a Bacia do Paraná, pois é a partir dessa unidade que o pico de idade permiana (266 a 290 Ma) é observado. Esse pico persiste até o topo da seção, a Formação Botucatu. As assinaturas isotópicas de O e Hf dos zircões detríticos mostram que parte dos grãos do Paleoproterozoico Médio é provavelmente de rochas do embasamento atualmente recoberto, que estava exposto até a deposição da Formação Rio Bonito. Os isotópos de Hf e O também mostram que parte dos zircões com idade grenviliana é proveniente de rochas argentinas, o que implica em longas distâncias de transporte. As assinaturas isotópicas de parte dos grãos permianos os ligam a fontes da Argentina e Chile, sendo que parte desses grãos possui forma mais arredondada, o que sugere que eles alcançaram a bacia pelo transporte em ambientes subaquáticos e não somente pelo ar (quedas de cinzas vulcânicas) como é comumente apontado. Outros picos de idade mais jovens (Ordoviciano ao Carbonífero), observados a partir da Formação Palermo e nas unidades superiores, também são provenientes de fontes argentinas e chilenas, mostrando a importância dos detritos de fontes distantes durante o preenchimento da bacia. Os dados Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb em rocha total mostram que os sedimentos da Bacia do Paraná apresentam predominância de fontes de origem crustal. As assinaturas são semelhantes aos granitoides de Santa Catarina, rochas da Faixa Ribeira, do Escufo Brasileiro, das Faixas Namaqua-Natal e Kaoko, Terreno Arequipa-Antofalla (embasamento dos Andes) e granitoides do Norte da Patagônia. Esses dados corroboram os padrões de zircões detríticos observados, que apontam para áreas fontes tanto proximais quanto distais. Além disso, as idades modelo Sm-Nd (\'T IND. DM\') obtidas são mais antigas que 1,4 Ga e mais negativas (-10 a -15) nas unidades inferiores (Formação Rio do Sul até o Membro Paraguaçu), enquanto que as unidades superiores apresentam valores de \'\'épsilon\' IND.Nd(0) entre -6 a -12 e idades modelo \'T IND.DM\' mais jovens que 1,5 Ga, sugerindo a participação de uma fonte mais jovem a partir da deposição do Membro Siderópolis, conforme foi observado pelos dados de zircão detrítico (pico de idade permiana) / U-Pb, Hf and O isotope data were obtained from detrital zircons from late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic units from Paraná Basin, southeastern Brazil, in order to constain the provenance of the sediments, as well as to contribute to the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the basin. Whole rock Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb isotopic signatures were also taken in order to help the interpretation. The studied section, White Column in Santa Catarina state, includes rocks from 11 stratigraphic units (from base to top): Rio do Sul Formation, Rio Bonito Formation (Triunfo, Paraguaçu and Siderópolis members), Palermo Formation, Irati Formation, Serra Alta Formation, Teresina Formation, and Rio do Rasto Formation (Serrinha and Morro Pelado members) and Botucatu Formation. U-Pb ages were obtained on 1941 detrital zircons and range from 242 Ma to 3400 Ma. All sedimentary units show four main detrital age groups, Neoarchean (2700-2500 Ma), mid-Paleoproterozoic (2000-1800 Ma), Grenvillian (1100-900 Ma) and Brasiliano (850-490 Ma), reflecting the importance of the Precambrian basement bordering the east side of the basin, such as Dom Feliciano, Kaoko and Namaque-Natal Belts as source areas, including the local basement that was dated at 584 Ma. The Siderópolis Member shows an important change in the source of sediments with a Permian age-peak (266 to 290 Ma). This age-peak persists towards the top of the section until the Botucatu Formation. O and Hf isotopic signatures from the detrital zircons show that a portion of the mid-Paleoproterozoic grains is probably from rocks of the presently covered basement, which was exposed until the deposition of the Rio Bonito Formation. O and Hf isotopes also show that some Grenvillian aged zircons are from Argentinian rocks, which implies a long transport distance. Isotopic signatures of part of the Permian grains also link them to sources from Argentina and Chile, and part of these grains has more rounded shapes, suggesting that they reached the basin after long distance traveling on subaquatic environment and nor only through the air (ash falls) as it is commonly accepted. Other younger age peaks (Ordovician to Carboniferous) found from Palermo Formation upsection are also linked to Argentinian and Chilean sources, showing the importance of distant sources during the filling of the basin. The Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb data on whole rocks show that the sediments from the Paraná Basin present predominance of sources with crustal origin. Osotopic signatures are similar to granitoid rocks from Santa Catarina, Ribeira Belt, Brazilian Shield, Namaqua-Natal and Kaoko Belts, as well as the Arequipa-Antofalla terranes (Andes basement) and granitoids from North Patagonia. These data corroborate the observed detrital zircon patterns thar point to both proximal and distal source areas. \'T IND.DM\' model ages older than 1.4 Ga and more negative (-10 to -15) epsilon values were observed in the lower units (Rio do Sul Formation to Paraguaçu Member), while the upper units show \'\'épsilos\' IND.Nd(0)\' values ranging from -6 to -12 and \'T IND. DM\' model ages younger than 1.5 Ga, corroborating the addition of a younger source starting from the Siderópolis Member deposition upwards, as noted by detrital zircon data (Permian age-peak).
9

Cotidiano, cultura e lazer em Pombal: contradições do progresso (1927 - 1959). / Daily life, culture and leisure in Pombal: contradictions of progress (1927 - 1959).

WANDERLEY, Helmara Giccelli Formiga. 05 October 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-05T15:27:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HELMARA GICCELLI FORMIGA WANDERLEY - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2009..pdf: 24011889 bytes, checksum: 75268137eb7e29ecf910d43f9df250c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T15:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELMARA GICCELLI FORMIGA WANDERLEY - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2009..pdf: 24011889 bytes, checksum: 75268137eb7e29ecf910d43f9df250c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04 / Este trabalho analisa o processo de urbanização ocorrido na cidade de Pombal, no Alto Sertão da Paraíba, bem como a formação de novas sensibilidades e subjetividades e as tensões que marcaram a vida dos habitantes dessa cidade no período entre 1927 e 1959. Objetivamos compreender como as elites letradas e econômicas daquela urbe e os populares apropriaram-se dos discursos modernizantes em vigor na época, e como experienciaram as mudanças materiais e simbólicas que perpassaram a cidade naquele momento. Também desejamos mostrar algumas das práticas diversionais que marcaram o cotidiano dos pombalenses das diversas classes sociais. Para atingirmos os nossos objetivos, discutimos inicialmente o conceito de modernidade e modernização, compreendendo o primeiro termo, como o processo de remodelamento urbanístico típico das capitais européias, ocorrido no século XIX, especialmente em Paris e Londres, e que se caracterizavam pela velocidade na implantação de algumas conquistas materiais. No que se refere ao segundo termo, entendemos como a introdução de alguns elementos modernos, que chegavam lentamente à cidade desprovidos do ritmo frenético típico das referidas capitais. Igualmente importantes são os conceitos de lazer e diversão, entendendo-se este último conceito como as práticas diversionais não programadas e aquele como as atividades calculadas, programadas que visavam policiar os divertimentos populares e /ou das elites. Assim sendo, pretendemos mostrar os usos e práticas, mas também algumas representações que os pombalenses construíram para a cidade no momento em que ela se problematizava. / his work analyse the urbanization process occurred in the Pombal's town in the Paraíba high backwoods, well as the formation of new sensibilities and subjectivity and the tensions that appoint the inhabitants life of this town in the period between 1927 and 1959. Aim to understand as the literate and economic elite of that urban and populars appropriate of the modernize discourse in effect in the epoch, and had as experienced the material and symbolic changes that went the town in that moment. Desire to show some diversion practices too that appoint the everyday of the pombalenses of the diverses social classes. To catch our aims , argue at the beginning the modernity and modernization concept understanding the first as the process of remodeling urbanistic typical European Capitals, occurred in the XIX century, especially in Paris and London and that characterized by speed in the implantation some materials conquest. Already in relation to the second term knows as the introduction of some elements that arrived slowly modern the town devoid of frenzied rhythm typical of the refer capitals. Equally important are the leisure and amusement concept, understand that this last concept as diversion practices non programmed and that as the calculable activities, programmed that propose to police the elite and/or popular entertainment. So, we intend to show the uses and practices, but some representations too that the pombalenses built to the town in the moment in that it problematised itself.
10

A geração de magmas ácidos na Província Magmática Paraná, região de Piraju-Ourinhos (SP): uma contribuição da geoquímica isotópica e de elementos traço em rochas e minerais / Acid magma generation in the Paraná Magmatic Province, Piraju-Ourinhos region, state of São Paulo: a contribution of isotopic geochemistry end of trace elements in rocks end minerals

Freitas, Vivian Azor de 12 May 2009 (has links)
Os dacitos da região de Piraju-Ourinhos (SP), que se estendem por cerca de 60 km acompanhando o curso do rio Paranapanema, são as exposições mais setentrionais do magmatismo ácido da Província Magmática Paraná. Estratigraficamente, jazem sobre os arenitos eólicos da Formação Botucatu e são sobrepostos por derrames de basaltos de alto Ti tipo Pitanga. Diques e soleiras de basaltos presentes na região têm afinidades químicas variadas, podendo ser comparados aos tipos Paranapanema, Urubici e Pitanga. Os traquidacitos, classificação química dessas rochas, apresentam textura porfirítica com 5 a 15% de fenocristais de plagioclásio, clinopiroxênio, minerais opacos e apatita. A matriz afanítica a fanerítica fina é composta por vidro, plagioclásio, clinopiroxênio, quartzo e feldspato alcalino. Vidro pode constituir de 10 a 90% da matriz e em muitos casos está devitrificado, mostrando texturas reliquiares de quenching. Vesículas e amígdalas são abundantes em certas variedades de traquidacitos, podendo chegar a 40% da rocha. Foi obtida neste trabalho a idade U-Pb do magmatismo ácido por TIMS em concentrados de badeleíta e zircão. O valor, 134,4 ± 0,9 (2\'sigma\'), é mais exato e preciso que as idades obtidas previamente nos traquidacitos da região, 133 -134 ± 6 Ma (K-Ar, 1\'sigma\') e 128,7 ± 1 Ma (\'ANTPOT.40 Ar\'/\'ANTPOT.39 Ar\', 1\'sigma\'), e encontra-se no curto intervalo de tempo atualmente admitido para o clímax do vulcanismo na Província. As razões iniciais \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' dos traquidacitos (0,7078 a 0,7080) são pouco mais radiogênicas que as dos basaltos (0,7056 a 0,7068), enquanto os valores de \'épsilon\'\'Nd IND.134\' são mais negativos (~ -5 versus -4). Tais diferenças sugerem que, embora os basaltos devam ter vínculo genético com o magmatismo ácido da região, deve existir alguma contribuição crustal na gênese das rochas vulcânicas ácidas. As razões iniciais \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' obtidas por LA-ICPMS mostram valores idênticos na matriz e em fenocristais de plagioclásio e apatita (~0,7077), consistentes com cristalização em equilíbrio. Com exceção de um cristal de plagioclásio que é fortemente mais radiogênico (~0,7083) e outro menos radiogênico (~0,7074), podendo corresponder a duas diferentes suítes de antecristais. A maioria dos fenocristais de clinopiroxênio tem razões iniciais \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' diferentes da matriz [em geral menores, entre 0,7045 e 0,7071; somente um cristal é mais radiogênico, 0,7084]. Junto com dois fenocristais de plagioclásio (com \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' inicial de 0.7083 e 0.7074), eles não se formaram em equilíbrio com a matriz, e são prováveis antecristais. Modelamentos geoquímicos utilizando elementos maiores e elementos traço compatíveis e incompatíveis mostram que é possível obter o magma ácido após a cristalização fracionada de 60 a 80% de basalto tipo Pitanga. O principal obstáculo para esse modelo seria o hiato composicional de sílica entre os magmas ácidos e básicos; no entanto, esse hiato pode resultar de limitações físicas impostas à separação cristal-líquido em composições intermediárias e à extração por filter pressing de líquidos residuais mais evoluídos. As pequenas diferenças nas razões isotópicas de Sr e Nd entre as rochas ácidas e básicas podem ser explicadas por um modelo de AFC com 60% de cristalização de um magma basáltico e assimilação de 10-30% de líquido granítico derivado do embasamento pré-Cambriano. Por outro lado, o modelo de refusão de underplates basálticos prevê a geração de magmas ácidos com teores de elementos compatíveis (Ni, Cr e V) mais elevados, e portanto demandariam fracionamento para alcançar as composições observadas nos traquidacitos. / Dacitic rocks from Piraju-Ourinhos, State of São Paulo, outcrop for ca. 60 km along the Paranapanema River valley, and constitute the northernmost expositions of the Parana Magmatic Province acid magmatism. They rest directly over the Botucatu Formation eolic sandstones and are recovered by Pitanga-type high Ti basalt flows. Basalt dykes and sills that occur in the region show different chemical relationship and can be compared to the Paranapanema, Urubici and Pitanga basalt types. Chemically classified as trachydacites, these rocks are porphyritic with 5 to 15% plagioclase, clinopyroxene, opaque minerals and apatite phenocrysts. Aphanitic to phaneritic groundmass is composed of glass, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, quartz and alkali feldspar. Glass can make up 10 to 90% of the original groundmass and is usually devitrified, being recognized by relict quenching textures. Vesicles and amygdalas are abundants in such trachydacites varieties and can achieve to 40% of rock. In this work, the age of the acid magmatism was obtained by U-Pb TIMS in baddeleyite and zircon concentrates. The value [134.4 0,9 (2\'sigma\')], is more accurate and precise compared with ages previously obtained in the trachydacites from region [133 -134 ± 6 Ma (K-Ar); 128.7 ± 1 Ma (\'ANTPOT.40 Ar\'/\'39 ANTPOT.Ar\')], and within the short age interval currently admitted for the Paraná volcanism climax. Initial \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\' ANTPOT.86 Sr\' ratios of the trachydacites (0.7078 to 0.7080) are slightly more radiogenic than those of associated basalts (0.7056 to 0.7068), whereas \'épsilon\'\'Nd IND.134\' are more negative (~ -5 versus -4). These differences suggest that, although the basalts must have a genetic link with the acid magmatism of region, some crustal contribution may exist in the acid magmas. Initial \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' obtained by LA-ICPMS show identical values for the groundmass and plagioclase and apatite phenocrysts (~0.7077), consistent with equilibrium crystallization. Most of the clinopyroxene phenocrysts have initial \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' different from the groundmass (usually smaller; 0.7045-0.7071; only one crystal is more radiogenic, 0.7084). Together with two the plagioclase phenocrysts (with initial \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\'= 0.7083 and 0.7074), they did not crystallize in equilibrium to the groundmass, and are likely antecrysts. Geochemical modelling using major elements and both compatible and incompatible trace-elements show that it is possible to obtain the acid magmas after 60 to 80% fractional crystalization of a Pitanga-type basalt. The main obstacle for such model would be the wide compositional silic gap between acid and basic magmas.; however, this gap could result from physical limitations to crystal-liquid separation at intermediate compositions and to the extraction by filter pressing of more evolved residual liquids. The small differences in Sr-Nd isotopic signature between acid and basic rocks can be explained by an AFC model, with 60% of basaltic magma crystalization plus ~10-30% assimilation of a granitic liquid derived from the pre- Cambrian basament. On the other hand, a model of remelting of basalt underplates generates acid magmas with higher contents of compatible elements contents (Ni, Cr, V) and therefore would demand some fractionation to achieve the observed trachydacite compositions.

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