Bacteria have exhibited a remarkable capacity to become resistant to commonly used antibacterial compounds obliging the researchers to find new target to kill them. Peptidoglycan, a polymer which is completely specific to the bacterial world and the enzymes, is an ideal target. Peptidoglycan is formed by linear glycan chains composed of alternating N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues cross-linked by short peptides. Among the multitude of enzymes of degradation of the peptidoglycane, the N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase have the capacity to break the bond between the peptide and the lactyl grouping of MurNAc wearing this peptide. The subject of this work was to study AmiD, a N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase from E.coli. For that purpose, two carbohydrates 1,6-anhMurNAc with a protective group at the fourth position have been synthesised on gram scale in seven steps. After that, we have realized a structural study at the level of the peptide chain by miming the structure of the peptidoglycane. First, different amide compounds have been prepared. In a second time, we have synthesised carbohydrate compounds with one, two and three amino acids in the peptide chain. Finally, two carbohydrates with a triazole in the peptide chain have been prepared by click chemistry from a synthesised azoture precursor. All compounds have been synthesised with a chromatic group at the end of the peptide chain in order to facilitated the HPLC detection of the residue after hydrolysis by AmiD. Substrates studies, inhibition studies and kinetic studies have been realised with these carbohydrates. This work present also the first results of the synthesis of 1,6-anhydro-4-fluoroMurNAc, a possible inhibitor of bacterial growth. If the peptide chain contains a minimum of dipeptide residue (L-Ala--D-Glu), our results pointed that AmiD is able to cleave the amide bond between the lactyl group of the MurNAc and the -amino group of L-Ala. In the presence of a tripeptide chain (L-Ala--D-Glu-L-Lys) higher hydrolysis rates have been observed. Furthermore, the m-A2pm found in the natural substrate of AmiD can be replaced by L-Lys which facilitates the synthesis of the MurNAc derivatives.