The aim of this paper is to study how the image of masculinity and how perceptions of masculinity have changed over time, based on the participants' gender and age by answering a survey. The group that participated in the survey consists of members from the National Pensioners' Organization (PRO), and members from the Social Democrats. In total there are 70 questionnaires that form the basis of this paper. The participants have been divided according to age and sex by a quantitative method for responding to this essay’s purpose. The differences between men and women in the study was very small, the same applies when the age groups were studied. The fact that the differences were so small in terms of both age and gender is confirming Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinity. In the study, it becomes obvious that men and women regardless of age share views on what is a good man and what characteristics a good man should have. A man should be responsible, reliable, humble, open and caring according to the participants. The results of this study suggest that men and women are very similar in their answers and highlight the importance of sharing responsibility. Men see themselves to a greater extent as breadwinners, which confirm the previous research that claims that supplying an income to the family is still one of men’s principal responsibilities in the family. The conclusion of this study is that men and women independent of age share the same picture of what are desirable characteristics of a man.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2007. / Thesis directed by Gail Bederman for the Department of History. "July 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 353-373).

Thesis (doctoral)--La Salle University, 2003. / ProQuest dissertations and theses ; AAT 3108291. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-53).

The purpose of the current study was to examine if positive family, social, and/or academic dimensions of SC weaken (i.e., moderate) the direct relationship between physical SC (i.e., a person's evaluation of their physique, adiposity, and weight) and depressive symptoms in a sample of adult men. A convenience sample of 239 college men completed self-report measures including the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale-2 (TSCS-2) and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised. Hierarchical regressions revealed that family and social SC were significant moderators of the relationship between physical SC and depressive symptoms, suggesting how men see themselves in their family and social systems affects the aforementioned relationship. Academic SC, however, was not a significant moderator; it was negatively related to depressive symptoms no matter how men felt about their physical selves. Our findings suggest that feeling positively about one's relationships may protect men with poor physical SC from experiencing symptoms of depression at the rates or intensity of their similarly body dissatisfied peers who do not report positive family or social SC. An additional simultaneous regression assessed the contribution of various dimensions of SC to the prediction of depressive symptoms, physical (7.76%), social (8.02%) and academic (6.62%) self-concept accounted for significant amount of variance in symptoms of depression which family SC (2.61%) did not. College counselors who assist men presenting with poor physical SC or depressive symptoms should assess for the other problem, as they commonly co-occur. In addition, they may consider helping them to improve the quality of their relationships in family and social systems as reasonable interventions for both depression and poor physical SC. Importantly, men who experience their academic SC as deficient should be considered at-risk for depression, although more research is needed to help identify the types of students who report low academic SC. In addition, men with symptoms of depression would likely benefit from accommodations to support their academic functioning.

Appearance-related commentary can be positive or negative. Such commentary has been shown to negatively affect the mental health and well-being of women in a well-documented body of research. There is limited research on this topic pertaining to males. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of appearance-related commentary in men. Results indicate that men who receive more negative commentary are more likely to experience eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, distress from commentary, and participate in compulsive exercising and appearancechange behaviors. However, men that receive positive commentary are likely to experience more positive outcomes, reporting less dissatisfaction and pathology but more appearance-change behaviors. It appears that men are affected by negative, appearance-related commentary in the same ways that women are, but that they experience positive commentary in a more direct and appropriate manner. Additionally, self-objectification, a covariate found to interact in similar relations with women, was not found to account for any of the variance between appearance-related feedback and outcomes.

M.Ed. / Nowadays more and more emphasis is placed on the importance of the so called "Emotional Intelligence" which include aspects like social skills, purposefulness, persistence, self-motivation, reliability and solid interpersonal relationships. Goleman (1996: xii) mentions qualities such as "self-control, zeal and persistence" and says that these qualities can be taught and learned irrespective of the individual's intellectual potential. The modern working force requires people who are reliable, adaptable and flexible so that they can cope with various circumstances in a multi-cultural society that is characterized by diversity. The aspects mentioned here, manifest in the different dimensions of the self-concept of the individual and it is therefore important to investigate the nature and the quality of the self-concept and endeavour to determine how this self-concept is established. For this reason the meta-theoretical and theoretical assumptions concerning self-concept were discussed and serve as a theoretical frame of reference for this study. The aim of this study is to determine if similarities exist between the selfconcept of the child and the self-concept of the parent and to investigate whether the self-concept of the parent is reflected in the self-concept of the child. The research design and methods are discussed as well as the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and the test sample. A quasi-experimental research design was employed to enable the researcher to gather measurable data. This approach was used in order to make numerous comparisons between the different groups. In this way it would be possible to identify possible differences as well as possible similarities between the self-concept of children and the self-concept of their parents. The design that was followed, included the use of an existing questionnaire which provides for the measuring of he self-concept on eight different scales. These scales correspond with the different aspects of the self-concept and include: the intellectual (academic) self-concept, the general social selfviii concept, the role of the family, the value orientation of the learner and the educator, the physical aspect, self-confidence, religion and the experience of frustration. The self-concept ,questionnaire (consisting of 46 items) was issued to 100 children. These children were identified in conjunction with the guidance teacher and they were subdivided into two groups namely those with a predominantly high self-concept and children with a predominantly low selfconcept. Children had to complete a questionnaire and see to it that the respective parents also complete questionnaires. Questionnaire items were drawn up, based on existing literature and research findings...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-96).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study provides a social-text analysis of advertising images in queer publications which represent the new millennium up until 2008 in order to explore gaze theory in a queer context by answering the research question, “How have queer men represented themselves to themselves in the new millennium through the queer male gaze?” Inspired by Jean Kilbourne’s study of the image of women in advertising, this research project examines queer, millennial visual advertising images to explore the creation of normative queer behavior, identity, representation and the possible effects of those images on queer male consumers. A brief examination of previous work concerning male gaze as well as visual culture studies and their connection to Kilbourne’s work is addressed within the study. Further, this study discusses the concept of a bi-textual existence for the queer consumer in which identity is constructed from both an out-group (heteronormative) and in-group (homonormative) milieu. The theoretical foundation establishes that the queer male is placed in a hostile visual position—one where he is the dominating and dominated visual signifier in queer culture. Utilizing a stratified random sampling method, 293 images were coded to explore the research objective of constructing what the millennial queer gaze consisted of within full page advertisements in the queer specific publications of Gay Times, Genre, Instinct, and The Advocate. The results of the analysis construct a toxic visual world for the queer consumer dominated by narrow representations, sexual discourse, discriminating ideologies, and a dangerous repetition of heteronormative, hierarchical social structure found in the patriarchal gaze.