As individuals are increasingly benefiting from the use of online services, there are growing concerns about the treatment of personal information. Society’s ongoing response to these concerns often gives rise to privacy policies expressed in legislation and regulation. These policies are written in natural language (or legalese) as privacy agreements that users must agree to, or presented as a set of privacy settings and options that users must opt in or out of in order to receive the service they want. But comprehensibility of privacy policies and settings is becoming increasingly challenging as agreements become longer and there are many privacy options to choose from. Additionally, organizations face the challenge of assuring compliance with policies that govern collecting, using, and sharing of personal data. This thesis proposes frameworks for personalized privacy and privacy auditing to address these two problems. In this thesis, we focus our investigation on the comprehensibility issues of personalized privacy using the concrete application domain of personal health data as recorded in systems known as personal health records (PHR). We develop the Privacy Goals and Settings Mediator (PGSM) model, which is based on i* multi-agent modelling techniques, as a way to help users comprehend privacy settings when employing multiple services over a web platform. Additionally, the PGSM model helps privacy experts contribute their privacy knowledge to the users’ privacy decision-making task. To address the privacy auditing problem, we propose two light-weight ontologies, L2TAP and SCIP, that are designed for deployment as Linked Data, an emerging standard for representing and publishing web data. L2TAP (Linked Data Log to Transparency, Accountability and Privacy) provides flexible and extensible provenance-enabled logging of privacy events. SCIP (Simple Contextual Integrity Privacy) provides a simple target for mapping the key concepts of Contextual Integrity and enables SPARQL query-based solutions for two important privacy processes: compliance checking and obligation derivation. This thesis validates the premise of PHR users’ privacy concerns, attitudes and behaviour through an empirical study. The usefulness of the PGSM model for privacy experts is evaluated through interviews with experts. Finally, the scalability and practical benefits of L2TAP+SCIP for log-based privacy auditing are validated experimentally.

This paper describes Inuit cultural considerations when defining and communicating electronic health concepts and personal health information services to urban Inuit audiences. Applying a two-eyed seeing model to build on and describe contextual meanings for Western and Inuit versions of health information and information communication technologies is critical to sustained relevance of electronic health information. Overarching concerns include reclaiming Inuit ownership and vision; sustainability; and; authority and capacity. It is within an electronic health space that Inuit can attain self-determination for the management of their own personal health data and develop a set of culturally safe and empowering practices for communicating ownership and cultural relevancy of health and health information in an evolving health care system.

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Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας, πραγματοποιήθηκε η μελέτη, η σχεδίαση και η υλοποίηση του προσωπικού ηλεκτρονικού ιατρικού φακέλου, την παρουσία και χρήση του οποίου επιβάλλει η σύγχρονη πραγματικότητα και οι απαιτήσεις για γρήγορη και εύκολη πρόσβαση στην πληροφορία. Η εφαρμογή που αναπτύχθηκε είναι διαδικτυακή, με χρηστο - κεντρικό χαρακτήρα, προσδίδοντας ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στο χρήστη – ασθενή, παρέχοντας του συνεχής και εύκολη πρόσβαση. Το γραφικό της περιβάλλον επιδιώκει να την κάνει προσιτή προς κάθε χρήστη, ανεξαρτήτως επιπέδου γνώσεων τόσο γενικών, όσο και ειδικών που αφορούν στη χρήση ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών, παρέχοντας του, μέσω γραφικών, ενδείξεις και εργαλεία προκειμένου αυτός να φέρει εις πέρας επιθυμητές λειτουργίες που του προσφέρονται από την εφαρμογή, όπως ενημέρωση σχετικά με ιατρικά θέματα, αναζήτηση και εύρεση επαγγελματιών υγείας, υπολογισμό σημαντικών δεικτών σχετικών με την κατάσταση της υγείας του, ανταλλαγή απόψεων με άλλους χρήστες σε τόπο συζητήσεων, δημιουργία και ενημέρωση του προσωπικού ιατρικού του φακέλου. Πρόκειται, λοιπόν, για την ανάπτυξη μιάς φιλικής προς το χρήστη εφαρμογής, που πληρεί τις προϋποθέσεις ευχρηστίας και ασφάλειας των προσωπικών δεδομένων και δη σε έναν τομέα όπως ο ιατρικός, με το πληθος ευαίσθητων δεδομένων που διαχειρίζεται και υποχρεούται να διαφυλάσσει την ακεραιότητα και την εμπιστευτικότητά τους. Γίνεται αναφορά στα πρότυπα και στις κωδικοποιήσεις που υπάρχουν για τον ηλεκτρονικό ιατρικό φάκελο, καθώς και στις υπάρχουσες τεχνολογίες διαδικτύου, διαθέσιμες για το σχεδιασμό και την υλοποίησή του. / Research, design and implementation of personal health records.

abstract: Monitoring of air pollutants is critical for many applications and studies. In order to access air pollutants with high spatial and temporal resolutions, it is necessary to develop an affordable, small size and weight, low power, high sensitivity and selectivity, and wireless enable device that can provide real time monitoring of air pollutants. Three different kind of such devices are presented, they are targeting environmental pollutants such as volatile organic components (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone. These devices employ innovative detection methods, such as quartz crystal tuning fork coated with molecularly imprinted polymer and chemical reaction induced color change colorimetric sensing. These portable devices are validated using the gold standards in the laboratory, and their functionality and capability are proved during the field tests, make them great tools for various air quality monitoring applications. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2014

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-12-11T11:58:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ingrid Ramos Reis Couto.pdf: 671738 bytes, checksum: 69fe2d027ff4b1e498d49a467ae90e32 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-11T11:58:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ingrid Ramos Reis Couto.pdf: 671738 bytes, checksum: 69fe2d027ff4b1e498d49a467ae90e32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / Problema: O aparecimento de casos de adoecimentos por tuberculose entre os funcionários do HUAP. Objetivos: Analisar os fatores de risco para tuberculose e o perfil epidemiológico dos funcionários do HUAP/UFF com resultado da prova tuberculínica ≥ 10 mm no período de 2007 a junho de 2011; - Investigar os casos de adoecimento por tuberculose em funcionários do HUAP/UFF no período de janeiro de 2004 a julho de 2011; - Identificar a possível associação entre o perfil epidemiológico dos funcionários que apresentaram positividade na prova tuberculínica e os fatores de riscos para tuberculose. Métodos: trata-se de um survey interseccional, tendo como análise estatística a razão de chances (OR) e análise multivariada dos profissionais que apresentaram conversão na prova tuberculínica. Resultados: foram identificados 10 casos notificados de adoecimentos por tuberculose nos funcionários do HUAP/UFF no período de janeiro de 2004 a julho de 2011, sendo a predominância no sexo masculino com 80%, na qual o perfil de adoecimentos foi de funcionários que não realizavam suas atividades diretamente ao paciente com TB. Os funcionários que apresentaram positividade na prova tuberculínica no período junho de 2007 a março de 2011 teve como variável idade ≥ 50 anos maior risco de conversão na PT com p- valor (0,003), funcionários com tempo de serviço ≥ 30 anos tiveram (OR) 92,3% mais chances de conversão . Funcionários que tinha como ocupação atividades exercidas na categoria laboratório apresentou um risco de conversão 2,2 ( OR) vezes maior quando comparado as demais categorias. Conclusão: foi possível neste estudo estabelecer a relação entre a atividade profissional e a exposição ao risco de contágio em tuberculose. Portanto cabe as chefias de cada setor que as atividades educativas sejam realizadas de forma descentralizada com o objetivo de focar a individualidade de cada setor / Problem: the appearance of cases of illnesses due to tuberculosis among workers of the HUAP. Objectives: analyze risk factors for tuberculosis and epidemiological profile of workers HUAP / UFF results with the tuberculin skin test ≥ 10 mm in the period 2007 to June 2011 - Investigate cases for tuberculosis in workers of HUAP / UFF in From January 2004 to July 2011 - Identify the possible association between the epidemiological profile of workers who were positive in the tuberculin test and the risk factors for tuberculosis. Methods: this is an intersectional survey, with the statistical analysis the odds ratio (OR) and multivariate analysis showed that conversion of the workers in the tuberculin test. Results: were identificad 10 reported case of TB illnesses in workers of HUAP / UFF from january 2004 to july 2011, the predominance in males, with 80%, in which the profile of workers sickness was not performed activities directly to the patient with TB. Workers who tested positive in the tuberculin test in the period june 2007 to march 2011 was variable age ≥ 50 years old increased risk of conversion in PT with p-value (0.003), length of service workers with ≥ 30 years were 92.3% ( OR) conversion as likely . Workers who had occupation activities performed in the category laboratory presented a risk of conversion 2.2 (OR) times higher compared to other categories. Conclusion: this study it was possible to establish the relationship between professional activity and exposure to the risk of contagion in tuberculosis. Therefore it is the heads of each sector that educational activities are conducted in a decentralized manner in order to focus on the individuality of each sector

Det här examensarbetet undersöker det personliga kontot för hälsoinformation (PHR) som alla medborgare i Sverige ska erbjudas. Detta efter ett beslut från Socialdeparte-mentet att genomföra en upphandling genom Apotekens Service AB. Upphandlingen är vid tiden för denna rapports färdigställande ännu inte genomförd vilket den var planerad att vara.Målet med examensarbetet är att på uppdrag av Mawell undersöka vilka affärsmöjlig-heter lanseringen av en nationellt tillhandahållen tjänst för PHR, och det ekosystem för applikationer och tjänster, förväntas leda till. Men också implementera två tjänster som visar konceptet med hur en tjänst kan användas för att skapa nytta för en utvald målgrupp.Under arbetet genomfördes litteraturstudier samt intervjuer med olika målgrupper. Syftet med intervjuerna var att identifiera vilka problem och behov dessa har i sina verksam-heter för att sedan analysera samt ge förslag på hur tjänster utvecklade för PHR kan utformas för att lösa dessa.Resultatet av undersökningen är ett antal olika tjänsteförslag baserade på målgruppernas problem och behov samt två tjänsteimplementationer. Rapporten ger även Mawell förslag på en tänkbar fortsättning på arbetet. / This thesis investigates the personal account for health information (PHR) that every citizen in Sweden will be offered. The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs has made a decision to conduct a public procurement through Apotekens Service AB. The pro-curement was not finalized at the time of this report.The goal of this thesis is to on behalf of Mawell investigate what business opportunities the launching of a nationally provided service for PHR, and the ecosystem for applica-tions and services, is expected to result in, but also to implement two services to demonstrate the concept of how a service could be used to create benefits for a selected target group.During the thesis work a literature study and interviews with different target groups were performed. The purpose with the interviews was to identify different problems that the target group have in their operations and then analyze and give a proposal to how services developed for PHR could solve the problems.The result of the investigation is proposed services based on the different problems and needs of the targets groups and two service implementations. The report also gives Mawell proposal to how they could continue this work further.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Primary users can create a user experience (UX) for others—secondary users— when interacting with a system in public. Common ground occurs when people have certain knowledge in common and each knows that they have this shared understanding. This research investigates how designing for a secondary UX improves common ground during a patient-provider first encounter. During formative work, patients and providers participated in telephonic interviews and answered online questionnaires so that their respective information requirements for clinical encounters could be understood. The outcome of the formative work was a smartphone application prototype to be used as the treatment in an experimental study. In a mixed methods study, with a patient role-player using the prototype during a simulated clinical encounter with 12 providers, the impact of the prototype upon secondary user satisfaction and common ground was assessed. The main finding was that the prototype was capable of positively impacting secondary user satisfaction and facilitating common ground in certain instances. Combining the notions of human-computer interaction design, common ground, and smartphone technology improved the efficiency and effectiveness of providers during the simulated face-to-face first encounter with a patient. The investigation substantiated the notion that properly designed interactive systems have the potential to provide a satisfactory secondary UX and facilitate common ground.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Acceptance of PHR by physicians is fundamental as they play important role towards the promotion of PHR adoption by providing the access to the data to be maintained in PHR and also, using the information within the PHR for decision making. Therefore it is important to measure physicians' perspective on usefulness of PHR, and also the value and trust they have in PHR usage. Review of previous researches identifies the lack of availability of a valid survey instrument that can be used to measure physicians' perception on all different aspects of PHR use and acceptance. Using the integrated literature review methodology and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as a guiding framework, this study was aimed to identify the factors that can be used in the development of comprehensive evaluation instrument to understand physicians' acceptance of PHR. Total 15 articles were selected for literature review and using the content analysis method, 189 undifferentiated data units were extracted from those articles. These data units were then categorized into the four core constructs of UTAUT. ―Other categorization system was also created for the data units that could not be classified into one of the UTAUT core constructs. Among four core UTAUT constructs, Performance Expectancy is found to be the most influential factor in physicians' acceptance of PHR, followed by ―Other factors, Facilitating Condition and Social Influence. Effort expectancy was found to be the least influential. The identified specific factors within each domain can be used to develop a valid survey instrument to measure physicians' perception on PHR.

Yes / Background: A Personal Health Record (PHR) is an electronic record that individuals use to manage and share their health information, e.g. data from their medical records and data collected by apps. However, engagement with their record can be low if people do not find it beneficial to their health, wellbeing or interactions with health and other services. We have explored the beliefs potential users have about a PHR, how it could be made personally relevant, and barriers to its use. Methods: A qualitative design comprising eight focus groups, each with 6–8 participants. Groups included adults with long-term health conditions, young people, physically active adults, data experts, and members of the voluntary sector. Each group lasted 60–90 min, was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. We analysed the data using thematic analysis to address the question “What are people’s beliefs about making a Personal Health Record have relevance and impact?” Results: We found four themes. Making it work for me is about how to encourage individuals to actively engage with their PHR. I control my information is about individuals deciding what to share and who to share it with. My concerns is about individuals’ concerns about information security and if and how their information will be acted upon. Potential impact shows the potential benefits of a PHR such as increasing self-efficacy, uptake of health-protective behaviours, and professionals taking a more holistic approach to providing care and facilitating behaviour change. Conclusions: Our research shows the functionality that a PHR requires in order for people to engage with it. Interactive functions and integration with lifestyle and health apps are particularly important. A PHR could increase the effectiveness of behaviour change apps by specifying evidence-based behaviour change techniques that apps should incorporate. A PHR has the potential to increase health-protective behaviours and facilitate a more person-driven health and social care system. It could support patients to take responsibility for self-managing their health and treatment regimens, as well as helping patients to play a more active role when care transfers across boundaries of responsibility. / Leeds Informatics Board