This master's degree thesis, adhering to the genre of contemporary history studies, depicts the lifestory of Ivan M. Havel. Theoretically it is grounded in personalism, especially regarding to works of Ch. Mounier and M. Scheler and establishes as the primary point of reference the phenomena of individual personality, uniquely embedded into the surrounding social world. From this basic tenet the explanation is built towards the understanding of general categories, using the contexts and traditions, in which the personality had been engulfed. This thesis makes use of both oral history method and archival sources and documents study. Ivan M. Havel can be understood within enduring context of his family's intellectual, civic, political and entrepreneurial tradition, where several specific phenomena stand out. First the non-partisan spirituality, second the emphasis, laid of socially responsible conduct of business; third the stress, laid on achieving broad education, going beyond established domains and disciplines and fourth the sociability, spanning over all of these attributes. Ivan M. Havel's biography is therefore traced mainly within the period up to the 1989 year, since the childhood, deeply influenced by his grandfather H. Vavrečka, through his coming of age, spent close to the Šestatřicátníci literary...

The thesis deals with the problem of the origin of human life and abortion. It focuses on different approaches to the question as to when unborn human life becomes a person, and, consequently, when it should be guaranteed the right to life. The thesis is divided into four main chapters corresponding to four main aspects of the issue of abortion. The first chapter provides information from embryological (biological creation of man) and medical (abortion) perspective. The second chapter deals with the abortion legislation in the Czech Republic (history and current situation). The third chapter examines different ethical questions such as identity of the person, the right to decide about their own body, etc. The last chapter gives an account on person and abortion from the Christian point of view.

The Christian concept of hope is often criticised for the asceticism, renouncement, and passiveness in expecting the arrival of God's kingdom in "future time". On the contrary, the eschatology of Nikolai Berdyaev in Christian philosophy speaks about the necessary transformation of the world by the human itself, determining the arrival of God's kingdom. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the concept of hope related to the world, which is currently estranged and objectified. This approach is further looked upon in the context of similarly eschatologically-orientated Ernst Bloch's Philosophy of hope, Jürgen Moltmann's Theology of hope, and Johann Baptist Metz's Political theology. The thesis aims to evaluate the extent of the transferability of Berdyaev's thinking into current debates about the Christian philosophy of hope. Keywords: Christian philosophy, Personalism, Philosophy of hope, Philosophy of history, Christian eschatology, Political theology

Is it possible to describe questing for truth as a fundamental moral claim? If so, in what meaning than? The goal of the submitted work is to find the answer to these questions. As the starting point of reflections serves a characteristic of a man as a person in spirit of dialogical personalism. This correspond with personal project conception of moral truth. That is put in connection with the life story of Jesus of Nazareth as a true man. With the assistence of the terms "conscience" and "liberty" is the final conception of moral truth set in a wider purview of ethical reflections and consequently confrontated with teaching of encyclical "Veritas splendor".

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Recepce Rudolfa Christopha Euckena v díle Karla Statečného Reception Rudolf Christoph Eucken in the work of Karel Statečný Diplomová práce doc. ThDr. Jiří Vogel, Th.D. Bc. Marie Jandásková Praha 2016 Děkuji vedoucímu práce docentu ThDr. Jiřímu Vogelovi, Th.D. za milý, věcný a povzbudivý přístup. Taktéž děkuji všem blízkým za trpělivost, podporu a neztrácení nadhledu. Prohlašuji, že jsem vypracovala práci samostatně, všechny použité prameny a literatura byly řádně citovány. Práci jsem nepoužila k získání žádného jiného, ani stejného titulu. V Praze, dne Marie Jandásková ANOTACE Práce představuje v České republice málo známého německého filosofa Rudolfa Christopha Euckena. Kučera je přesvědčen, že jeho práce inspirovala v první generaci církve československé husitské teologa Karla Statečného, jako příklad inspirace uvádí Kučera prvky blízké personalismu. Práce pracuje s tímto předpokladem a hledá další souvislosti mezi dílem německého filosofa a českého teologa. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA Eucken, Statečný, život, smysl, hodnota, dějiny, pozitivismus, moderní život, osoba, personalismus, sociální hnutí, socialismus, individualismus, etika, morální teologie, náboženství, filosofie ANNOTATION The work represents the Czech Republic in the littleknown German philosopher...

The thesis deals with a philosophical conception of an Austrian thinker of the 20th century Ferdinand Ebner in his life?s work ?Das Wort und die geistigen Realitäten: Pneumatologische Fragmente? (1921). Not only his life and the persons who influenced Ebner?s work were taken into account, but also the cultural-historical context of the period in which his original thoughts evolved. The heart of this paper lies in the introduction and explanation of the basic terms and theses that are crucial for Ebner?s philosophy, or more precisely his pneumatology. This part also contains Czech translation of some of the most important passages of Ebner?s work.

This paper is devoted to a critical analysis of the book I and Thou in the attempt to identify the main points of the dialogical philosophy as presented by Martin Buber. The introductory passages present the background of the book in terms of time (the era after WWI), cultural background (the influence of Hasidism), or the history of philosophy (an opposition to immanentism, monism, idealism, transcendental philosophy etc.). The main goal of the following interpretation is to try to understand man as a person in his complex existential situation, i.e. through his potential relationships or objectifying attitudes to the world. Being is described as a dual structure either of the basic pair of words I-Thou or of the basic pair of words I-It. As opposed to the usual use of the term, dialogue is defined as a specific interaction of man and the remaining world metaphorically expressible by the structure of addressing-responding. By this scheme, the characteristic reciprocity and direct continuity is expressed. The dialogue is also placed in the area "between" I and Thou, which mediates the genuine, immediate and transcendental knowledge constituting the reality. Finally, the dialogical attitude is compared and contrasted to the monological comprehension of the world. Key words: personalism, dialogical...

This thesis is aimed at the darker sides of assisted reproduction and it urges us to consider difficult questions related to the value of human life and human dignity. These two mentioned values are the methods of assisted reproduction. Scientific progress in the field of medical science evokes a lot of ethical, social and legal questions.The goal of the thesis is to identify and analyse ethical prolems of assisted reroduction and to present each solution to an ethical decision. The thesis is integral to my own wellfounded way of solution to the chosen ethical problems. This thesis deals with issues of social functioning of infertile couples and social consultancy.

Title: The Human Embryo in the Perspective of Reproductive Medicine. Since when one begins to be a human person? In this work, we take into account the issues, which in most cases lead many people to resort to the reproductive medicine, which generally is referred to as the infertility problems. But in some techniques, the reproductive medicine loses up to 80% of human embryos. In the minds of many people, the human embryo is seen only as a cluster of cells. However, is it really just a cluster of cells, or is it already a person at an early stage of development? As far as one is already man, is he now also the human being, of whom are in our Western culture related rights, especially the right to life? Could we then say with a clear conscience that with these techniques we are acting ethically? We dividend our work into six chapters. In the first and second chapter, we will be briefly acquainted with the issues of infertility, of the reproductive medicine techniques, with the development of the human embryo and with handling of the embryos in the course of these techniques. In the third charter, we will present the two major ethical models in our cultural area that have a different point of view on the status of the human embryo. In the fourth chapter, we will look at how to the question of the...

This thesis re-evaluates a positive reply given by the majority of existing secondary literature on the question of whether J. L. Fischer was a democrat and a theorist of democracy. On the other hand, some features of the author's work can cast doubts on his political orientation, and the existing secondary literature does not provide a clear disapproval of these doubts. The core of this thesis then lies in forging a newly designed interpretation of the author's compositional philosophy foregoing the Second World War. We are using the existential "bloody disjunction" of the author as our interpretational key with the hope that it can allow us to explain even the most difficult parts of J. L. Fischer's work constructively to the "uninformed reader". We are recognizing the specificity of this work as an author's-actor's creative expression. Therefore its internal expressional structure should not be reduced solely to the theoretical component without attention paid to the strong philosophical, artistic, and charismatic ambitions of the creator. This thesis interprets indicated components of Fischer's philosophy and his existential fight, which, even though manifested through breaches of argumentation, is at the same time giving to the compositional philosophy a whole new level of coherency. The...