The relationship of personality factors to expressed preferences for values is investigated in this study. The data includes results from Charles Morris’ "Ways to Live Questionnaire" and R. B. Cattell's "Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire, Form A"; which were administered to a random sample of 201 undergraduate university men. The hypothesis that personality factors are significantly related to the choice of values is supported and the personality trends of those who like each value are speculated upon. The statistical results as well as the interpretation of the relationships in this study tend to conflict with and refute those reported by Morris in 1956. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The relation between creativity and mood has been often studied, but much less is known about the relation between creativity and more stable individual differences in affective processing. Four major dimensions of affective processing have been identified in previous research: namely, attention to affect, affective clarity, affective expression, and intensity of affect (Gohm & Clore, 2002). In the initial phase of this study, 163 participants completed measures of these four dimensions and of the traits from McCrae & Costa's (e.g., 1999) five-factor model of personality. Then, for each of the next seven days, participants made daily ratings of their feelings and recorded the amount of time they devoted to 11 specific activities (e.g., watching television, sleeping, conversing). Lastly, in a one-hour laboratory session, participants completed drawing, writing, advertisement, and science tasks developed by Lubart & Sternberg (1995). Later, judges rated participants' work on these tasks with respect to creativity. Attention to affect and the five-factor trait of openness were predictive of judges' ratings of participant creativity and of the amount of time participants devoted to creative activities in their daily lives. In contrast, affective clarity and conscientiousness were negatively related to the creativity ratings. Whereas participants' daily feelings were not predictive of the creativity ratings, the amount of time participants devoted to creativity-related activities (e.g., drawing, decorating, keeping a journal) during the week was positively related to the creativity ratings.

This paper attempts to contribute to the understanding of individual violence by addressing the question of why some individuals are violent while others are not. Theories on aggression and research on and related to violent offenders are reviewed and critiqued. A theoretical framework involving (a) low self-esteem, (b) lack of social competencies, (c) exposure to violence, and (d) attitudes accepting of violence is posited to differentiate violent from nonviolent individuals. This theory is discussed in terms of existing research findings and a study designed to assess its validity is presented. Results obtained support the basic assertions of the theory. Self-esteem was found to be significantly correlated with undergraduates' attitudes towards violence. Likewise, factors of social competencies and exposure to violence were significantly correlated with self-esteem. Significant correlations were also obtained for self-reported violent behaviors and attitudes accepting of violence (positive correlation) and self-reported violent behaviors and self-esteem (negative correlation). While these findings are supportive of the differentiations posited, more work needs to be done to define and assess the above factors and discern their precise role regarding individual violence.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the body image attitudes of Asian American and Caucasian American men and women. One hundred two Asian American and 139 Caucasian American college students responded to a mail survey and completed several measures related to body image attitudes along with measures of depression and self-esteem. The findings indicated that Asian American women and men were lighter, shorter, and smaller than Caucasian American women and men. Regardless of these differences, all groups evidenced similar levels of dissatisfaction with physical features related to body size, though women wanted to be smaller and men wanted to be either larger or smaller. The main differences between ethnic groups were that Asian Americans were more dissatisfied with their height and their eyes than were Caucasian Americans. In addition, Asian American men placed the most importance on physical appearances and were the most negatively affected, in terms of psychosocial functioning, by body image dissatisfaction.

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University. / Bibliography: p. 52-53.

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University. / Bibliography: p. 44-45.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 48-52.

M.A. (Counseling Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Traitedness has been described as the “the degree to which a particular trait structure is approximated in a given person” (Tellegen, p. 28, 1991) and has been hypothesized as one explanation for findings of weak trait-behavior relationships. That is, if traits are differentially applicable to different individuals, then trait-behavior relationships may be moderated based on the strength with which an individual fits with a given trait model. This study used moderated multiple regression to test the moderating effects of four different traitedness indicators to increase the prediction of diagnostic consistency in four personality disorders, and also tested the main effects of traitedness estimates to predict cross-situational consistency of functional impairment. Traitedness estimates performed better in the prediction of increased diagnostic consistency, though there were some isolated findings of traitedness increasing crosssituational consistency of functional impairment.

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