The question of how an improved safety performance was achieved and what needs to be done to maintain such a performance is investigated. The is done using the example of a laboratory that turned from a bad and worsening safety performance to the best in the organisation. Aspects of transformational leadership, employee empowerment and incident reporting and investigation were examined as contributing factors. In a survey of the laboratory employees, an independent level of safety culture maturity was found, indicating a successful and complete cultural transformation. High levels of employee empowerment were found. Barriers to incident reporting are suggested. In order to maintain a high level of safety performance, the next higher level of safety culture maturity is suggested, together with other recommendations. Further research is suggested from having identified some key factors describing a group having achieved and seeking to maintain an exemplary safety performance. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / (M.B.A.)

The question of how an improved safety performance was achieved and what needs to be done to maintain such a performance is investigated. The is done using the example of a laboratory that turned from a bad and worsening safety performance to the best in the organisation. Aspects of transformational leadership, employee empowerment and incident reporting and investigation were examined as contributing factors. In a survey of the laboratory employees, an independent level of safety culture maturity was found, indicating a successful and complete cultural transformation. High levels of employee empowerment were found. Barriers to incident reporting are suggested. In order to maintain a high level of safety performance, the next higher level of safety culture maturity is suggested, together with other recommendations. Further research is suggested from having identified some key factors describing a group having achieved and seeking to maintain an exemplary safety performance. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / (M.B.A.)

British and US oil companies set up the world's largest oil refinery transhipment complex in the Caribbean after the Suez Crisis and a technological revolution in oil tanker design in 1956. Trinidad and Tobago became one of the world's largest oil refinery and transhipment centres. In 1969 the British oil companies began to withdraw their investments and requested the nationalisation of their assets. In 1985 the US companies withdrew their investments in response to the US government's deregulation of the domestic oil industry and financial incentives to bring their investments back home. Requested nationalisation led to the state-ownership of the oil sector. The government of Trinidad set up state-owned petrochemical and iron and steel industries, with some of the world's most sophisticated technology, to utilise the country's large natural gas reserves. But by 1988 state capitalism had failed to provide the expected economic and social benefits, despite the drain on limited financial reserves and massive foreign loans. The government's reliance on the oil sector as the `prime mover' of the economy had caused sectoral and trade imbalance, high inflation, increased unemployment, currency instability, debt crisis and political instability which culminated in an attempted coup in July 1990. The root cause of the failure of state capitalism was the governments' rush to industrialise and the structure of the state petroleum enterprises. The lack of accountability and responsibility of top management and government interference led to poorly run, unprofitable industries in which government waste and corruption were common.

Abstract The company main S petrochemical industry as the research objects, about the company in the petrochemical industry in the production of poly methyl meth acrylate (PMMA) is commonly known as acrylic, is the case in the present and the future Direction of development and trends. Through theoretical analysis to understand the competitiveness of the petrochemical industry. In the new style, new technology, the steady growth in high-priced products, PMMA is also the tie in the application of this new product to increase the added value of industry and increase competitiveness. Current oil price fluctuations will also affect the price of PMMA, PMMA development and due process has matured, the industry is not the nature of product differentiation, so buyers can easily convert lower cost in the price comparison. Petrochemical industry¡¦s bargaining power in price relative to the low of the case, the opportunity to increase its own by external competitiveness will be the focus of the study. This research will force analysis and SWOT analysis of Six Strengths analysis in the current environment, the strategic approach should be taken, and expert interviews to further explore the effectiveness of the strategy changed. According to results of this study, S petrochemical industry planning to enhance the company does have the capacity PMMA and into the active material in the light guide panel supply chains to enhance the added value of PMMA. The results of this study will help to domestic petrochemical industry in the future formulation of policy can have a reference. . Key Words : PMMA, Competitiveness, Petrochemical

The main purpose of this study confers development of China¡¦s petrochemical industry and role of transnational petrochemical corporation.(1) It is found out that current industry gathers in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shandong through production of related petrochemical products. To contrast with the China government to open up ethylene joint ventures (JV) of four foreign corporations, a key issue has been derivated. Why the government broke situation of monopolization of original two domestic petrochemical groups of Sinopec and CNPC as well as open up the best position of the industry being gathered to four?(2) During participation of WTO, the situation of promise and practice has been analyzed. It is discovered that serious problem are existed; especially, regarding to TRIMS and TRIPS. Does it an administrative delay or consideration of involved development strategy?(3) The development strategy of the China government has been proved and the process of ethylene production capability has been compared. The average of ethylene production capability is ranked the last among Asian countries before JV. Extensive production technology has been brought in afterward as well as after related technology and knowledge being obtained; mass ethylene production capability will be invested domestically by Sinopec and CNPC in the future.(4) Therefore, it is induced that a strategy can be adapted for those technology falls behind countries. Opening and developing market attracts foreign countries and actively learns their advanced technology in another.

This purpose of this report is to gain insight into the current training trends for training new operations personnel within the oil and gas and petrochemical industries in the United States. Companies in these industries face an increasing number of training challenges presented by an array of factors including: regulatory compliance mandates, an aging workforce, training costs and the need to maintain or improve production rates while decreasing safety and environmental incidents. In response to these challenges Learning and Development (L&D) leaders and practitioners in these industries must provide sound instructional strategies that meet the learning needs of their employees while meeting the requirements of their employers and regulatory requirements. This report focuses on the design and delivery tools and methods, the training management tools, and the challenges faced by training professionals in this industry, including the gaps and areas of greatest training concern. The study also investigates the future plans to accommodate training methods and tools used to address younger employees. / text

The presence of ultra-trace levels of mercury in industrial gas and condensate streams is a cause of both environmental and production concern. The toxic nature of the element, in all forms, together with its ability to shut-down large processing plants dictates a need for its accurate and precise measurement. The study which investigated the recovery of various mercury species, spiked into synthetic and real condensate samples using conventional and new digestion and/or extraction techniques showed recovery was dependent upon the speciation. Using the most efficient technique, L-cysteine with persulphate, recoveries of over 90 % were obtained for diphenyl mercury, ethyl and phenyl mercury chlorides and mercury chloride. The recovery of 15% for the important dimethyl mercury species limits the use of this technique. A novel technique has been developed for the determination of total mercury in complex liquid hydrocarbons. Samples (up to 1.0 ml) were vaporised (400°C) and swept through a gold-coated silica trap maintained at 200°C, which retained all mercury species and discarded the matrix. The trap when heated to 900°C released the mercury for measurement by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). The recoveries for eight mercury species spiked (10 to 50 ng ml -1) into toluene and condensate were generally over 90 %. The instrumental limit of detection (LOD) was 11 pg. The total mercury content of gas condensates, gasolines and heavy oils were determined. Gas chromatography coupled, via a pyrolysis interface, with AF detection was able to determine mercury species in gas condensate, at picogram levels (LOD: 2.5 to 7 pg) using a direct sample injection procedure. For a given column system the positive identification and quantification of up to eight mercury species was obtained. A maximum injector temperature of 125 °C was recommended, to avoid the conversion of species. Mass balance calculations show a strong correlation between the total mercury content and the sum of the lower diallcyl mercury species, for all condensate samples studied. Three commercially available mercury removal systems, A, B and C produced a reduction in the mercury content of hydrocarbon streams under pilot plant conditions. The two stage system, 'A', produced a minimum of 30 % conversion from organomercury to elemental mercury after the hydrogenation reaction in stage 1. While elemental mercury was adsorbed by the stage 2 reactor, the organomercury species were not removed. The single stage adsorber 'B' showed 100 % removal efficiency for three dialkyl mercury species in liquid hydrocarbon streams. The removal efficiency for adsorber 'C' was species dependent. Two common condensate species gave values of 50 to 80 % removal efficiency while the third species showed time-dependent bleed-off.

Thesis (Preliminary M.A.) from the Department of Politics, University of Adelaide.

My study is a sub-study of the Resilient Youth in Stressed Environments (RYSE) Project (ethics clearance, UP17/05/01). The RYSE project focuses on gaining a more thorough understanding of the resilience of youth living in communities that are dependent on the petrochemical industry, as well as the associated risks. The purpose of my qualitative sub-study was to explore how older adolescents from the eMbalenhle community explain resilience in the face of unemployment. The current literature tends to be reliant on academic understandings of resilience. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of resilience, it is important to recognise the perspectives of resilience of adolescents who live in a highly stressed environment that is confronted by multiple risks. In order to achieve the purpose of my study, I assumed an interpretivist approach. This approach is appropriate for developing an understanding of adolescents’ individual experiences and perceptions of resilience in a petrochemical community and in the face of unemployment. To guarantee that my question was answered, I utilised a phenomenological research design. The RYSE Project has established a Community Advisory Panel (CAP), and the CAP purposively sampled the participants involved in my study. Seven adolescents (all male) between the ages of 18 and 24 were recruited from eMbalenhle in the Govan Mbeki municipality in Mpumalanga. An Arts-based activity (draw and talk) and an informal group discussion were used to generate data. An inductive, thematic analysis of the data was conducted in order to identify themes. Ungar’s (2011) Social Ecology of Resilience Theory (SERT) provided the theoretical framework for my study. The main themes that emerged from the data, regarding resilience enablers among adolescents in the face of unemployment, were: Having a vision, appropriating opportunities, and drawing on social support. The themes that arose from the adolescents’ explanations of resilience support the SERT. I think these themes are important for educational psychologists who work with adolescents challenged by unemployment in eMbalenhle because they highlight the importance of social support and community in interventions. In addition, these themes provide possible individual strategies, from the perspective of adolescents, that could allow for positive adaptation despite adversity. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

It is recognised that as with any other risk; health, safety and environment issues require an integrated management system to comprehensively and sustainably manage the risks in the workplace. However to move beyond the paper based systems, ultimately require a behavioural change that can only be achieved through a culture change that continually re-invents itself and that motivates staff (human beings) to intrinsically do the right thing every day, every time and without any overseer. This study focuses on the critical success factors for the practical implementation of a safety culture improvement initiative in South Africa.