Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:12:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5457.pdf: 7456737 bytes, checksum: 1d18f487e08219cebbd323e719bd80ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-27 / Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel PH13-8Mo is a high strength steel used in the aerospace industry. Beyond the high strength, this grade has relatively high toughness and ductility for the strength achieved. The aerospace industry is increasingly asking for high strength materials with higher toughness and ductility than the actual limits required. Villares Metals, manufacturer of specialty steels and alloys, supplies the 13-8 steel (Villares grade N4534QA) for the aerospace industry like Embraer and ELEB (landing gear manufacturer of Embraer aircrafts). Although Villares 13-8 steel meets the international and the aerospace specifications, is characteristic of this company to improve its products and follow the new requirements of the customers and the market. Thus, is of its interest to produce the 13-8 steel with higher toughness and ductility. Therefore, the objective of this work is to study the variables which affect the 13-8 steel toughness and ductility aiming to produce it with improved properties. It were studied the effect of the alloying and residual elements, steelmaking process (remelting), hot forming process (forging and rolling) and heat treatment process. The verification of these effects was verified through tensile and impact Charpy V tests. / O aço inoxidável endurecível por precipitação PH13-8Mo (13-8) é um aço de elevada resistência mecânica utilizado na indústria aeronáutica. Além da elevada resistência mecânica, este aço possui ductilidade e tenacidade relativamente elevadas para o nível de resistência atingido. A indústria aeronáutica vem, cada vez mais, solicitando materiais de alta resistência mecânica com tenacidade e ductilidade mais elevadas em relação às solicitações atuais. A Villares Metals, usina siderúrgica produtora de aços e ligas especiais, é fornecedora do aço 13-8 (marca Villares N4534QA) para as indústrias do segmento aeronáutico, como Embraer e ELEB (fabricante dos trens de pouso dos aviões da Embraer). Apesar do aço 13-8 da Villares Metals atender as principais normas internacionais e do segmento aeronáutico, é prática desta empresa estar sempre buscando melhorar os seus produtos e acompanhar as novas solicitações dos clientes e do mercado. Sendo assim, é de seu interesse produzir o aço 13-8 com tenacidade e ductilidade mais elevadas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as variáveis que afetam a tenacidade e a ductilidade do aço 13-8 com o objetivo de se obtê-lo com estas propriedades otimizadas. Foram estudados os efeitos de elementos de liga, de elementos residuais, do processo de elaboração (refusão), dos processos de conformação a quente (forjamento e laminação) e do processo de tratamento térmico. A verificação desses efeitos foi realizada através de ensaios mecânicos de tração e de impacto Charpy V.

Aircraft are often designed with numbers determined by testing in a lab, rather than by repeatedly building prototypes. These lab tests conform to testing specifications so that the numbers can be compared between manufacturers, suppliers, and lab technicians. One such specification is ASTM specification E238 – 84(08), and it is used to determine important properties of a bearing pin joint like hinges, bolt holes, and rivet joints. The properties determined from this fastener-through-plate method are bearing strength, bearing yield strength, and bearing stiffness. Adhering to the methods outlined in ASTM E238, a study was performed, looking at the effects that plate material, fastener used, fastener lubrication, and plate hole preparation method (whether drilled and reamed or just drilled) have on the three bearing joint properties. The plate materials used were Al 7050 – T7451, Ti – 6Al – 4V (mill annealed), and PH13 – 8Mo – H1000. The fasteners were Ti – 6Al – 4V screws, coated A286 screws, and high speed steel (HSS) pins used as a control. Lubrication was tested using a corrosion inhibitor, PR – 1776M B – 2 from PRC – DeSoto, on the fastener or leaving the fastener uncoated. The HSS pins were always tested in the uncoated condition. 54 runs were performed, as outlined by a D-optimal design of experiment. It was discovered from the statistical analysis of the results via ANOVA that both the plate material used and the pin material, whether a screw or a pin, had a significant effect on the bearing strength, bearing yield strength, and bearing stiffness. The interaction between the two factors was also significant on all responses but the bearing stiffness. PH13 – 8Mo – H1000 plates seemed to perform best on average, followed by Ti – 6Al – 4V plates, then Al 7050 – T7451 plates. PH13 – 8Mo – H1000 and Ti – 6Al – 4V plates had similar bearing strength and bearing yield strength averages with the HSS control pins being used, which had the highest mean values for a given plate and fastener. The Ti – 6Al – 4V and A286 screws behaved and performed statistically similar in most cases, except when hole preparation method was take into account. The Ti – 6Al – 4V screws performed better when the hole was drilled and reamed, while the coated A286 screws performed better when the hole was drilled only. All screws had lower resulting bearing properties than the HSS control pins. It was also found that ASTM specification E238 – 84(08) is a precise test method, since the method could be performed repeatably and reliably with no missing data points. Therefore, this ASTM testing method is reasonable for determining bearing properties, which can then be used to design aircraft.