No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-167).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [160]-167).

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

No description available.

No description available.

The phospholipase B activity was assayed in the small intestines, spleen and liver/bile duct of nonsensitized and sensitized mice infected with Fasciola hepatica. The primary infection resulted in a significant increase in phospholipase B activity in the small intestine, spleen and liver/bile duct over that of uninfected control animals. The response to the challenge infection was characterized by an earlier increase in enzyme activity with values significantly above those found for the primary infection in the same tissues. These data demonstrate that one response of mice to infection with F. hepatica is characterized by an increased phospholipase B activity. Thus, the enzyme response is not unique to cestode and nematode infections, but also is part of or associated with the inflammatory mechanisms against trematode infections. In addition, phospholipase B was demonstrated in leukocytes using electron microscopic histochemical techniques. Leukocytes were harvested from peritoneal exudates of mice. Cells were fixed in 4% calcium-forol fixative for 30 minutes at roan temperature for electron microscopy, after which they were incubated at 370C in medium at pH 6.6 containing 2 aM lysolecithin and Cal2 . The fatty acids released during the hydrolytic reaction were trapped as a calcium precipitate and were converted to a lead precipitate for electron microscopy by treatment with lead nitrate. The reaction products were observed to be present in eosinophils and absent in neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. It is concluded that the eosinophilic leukocyte is the carrier cell for phospholipase B in inflanmatory reactions.

by Catherine Mary (Kay) Roche. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-228). / Abstract / Acknowledgements / Publications / Abbreviations / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-26 / Chapter 1.1 --- Historical Background / General information --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Mast Cell Mediators --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Pre-formed Mediators --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Newly Synthesised Lipid Mediators --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Mast Cell Activation --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- The Antigenic Pathway of Mast Cell Activation --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- The Non-Antigenic Pathway of Mast Cell Activation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4 --- Phospholipase enzymes --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Phospholipase A2 --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- The type I PLA2 --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- The type II PLA2 --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5 --- Aims of the Study --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Materials --- p.27-49 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2 --- Buffers --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- Secretory stimuli --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Source of mast cells --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Sensitization of animals --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Isolation of rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Purification of rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Isolation of human lung mast cells --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Partial purification of human lung mast cells --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Isolation of guinea pig lung mast cells --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5 --- General procedure for studying histamine release from isolated mast cells --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Procedure for investigating the effect of sPLA2 on the spontaneous histamine release from isolated mast cells --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Procedure for investigating the effect of heat treated sPLA2-I on histamine release from isolated RPMC --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Procedure for investigating the effect of antimycin A on histamine release induced by sPLA2-I on isolated RPMC --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Procedure for investigating the effects of extracellular calcium on histamine release induced by sPLA2-I on isolated RPMC --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Procedure for investigating the effects of the sPLA2 enzymes on activated mast cells --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5.6 --- Procedure for investigating the effect of preincubation time on sPLA2 induced histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5.7 --- Procedure for investigating the effects of the PLA2 inhibitors --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5.8 --- Procedure for investigating the effects of the cyclo- oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors on sPLA2 --- p.40 / Chapter 2.6 --- Histamine Assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.7 --- Measurement of prostaglandin D2 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Prostaglandin D2 methoxime enzyme immunoassay kit --- p.42 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- The Prostaglandin D2 assay --- p.43 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- PGD2 release from purified rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.43 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- Derivatization of PGD2-MOX --- p.44 / Chapter 2.7.5 --- PGD2 assay procedure --- p.44 / Chapter 2.8 --- Measurement of intracellular calcium --- p.47 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2 --- p.47 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Cell loading with the calcium indicator --- p.47 / Chapter 2.8.3 --- Measurement of fura-2 fluorescence --- p.47 / Chapter 2.9 --- Cell counts --- p.49 / Chapter 2.10 --- Data analysis --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Effects of sPLA2 on rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.50-157 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.52 / Chapter Part 1 --- Effects of sPLA2 on unstimulated rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.52-86 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effects of sPLA2-I on the spontaneous histamine release from RPMC --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Time course of sPLA2-I induced histamine release --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of heat treated sPLA2-I on histamine release --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Effects of antimycin A on sPLA2-I induced histamine release --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Effects of extracellular calcium on sPLA2-I induced histamine release --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Effects of PLA2 inhibitors on sPLA2-I induced histamine release --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Effects of sPLA2-I on PGD2 production --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Effects of sPLA2-II on the spontaneous histamine release from RPMC --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Effects of PLA2 inhibitors on sPLA2-II induced histamine release from purified RPMC --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.10 --- Effects of sPLA2-II on PGD2 production --- p.57 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.75 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Effects of sPLA2-I on RPMC --- p.75 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Effects of sPLA2-II on RPMC --- p.83 / Chapter Part 2 --- Effects of sPLA2 on stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.87-130 / Chapter 3.5 --- Results --- p.87 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Effects of sPLA2-I on histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.87 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Effects of preincubation time on sPLA2-I enhanced histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Effects of p-BPB on sPLA2-I enhanced histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Effects of 12-epi-scalaradial on sPLA2-I enhanced histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.89 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Effects of MAFP on sPLA2-I enhanced histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.89 / Chapter 3.5.6 --- Effects of sPLA2-I on PGD2 production from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.90 / Chapter 3.5.7 --- Effects of flurbiprofen and zileuton on sPLA2-I induced histamine release and enhanced histamine release from RPMC --- p.90 / Chapter 3.5.8 --- Effects of sPLA2-II on histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.9 --- Effects of preincubation time on sPLA2-II enhanced histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.92 / Chapter 3.5.10 --- Effects of p-BPB on sPLA2-II enhanced histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.92 / Chapter 3.5.11 --- Effects of 12-epi-scalaradial on sPLA2-II enhanced histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.92 / Chapter 3.5.12 --- Effects of MAFP on sPLA2-II enhanced histamine release from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.93 / Chapter 3.5.13 --- Effects of sPLA2-II on PGD2 production from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.93 / Chapter 3.5.14 --- Effects of flurbiprofen and zileuton on sPLA2-II induced histamine release and enhanced histamine release from RPMC --- p.93 / Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.124 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Effects of sPLA2 on immunologically induced histamine release from activated RPMC --- p.124 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Effects of sPLA2 on PGD2 production from immunologically activated RPMC --- p.128 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Effects of flurbiprofen and zileuton on sPLA2 induced and enhanced histamine release from RPMC --- p.129 / Chapter Part 3 --- Investigation of the mode of action(s) of sPLA2 on RPMC --- p.131-157 / Chapter 3.7 --- Results --- p.131 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Effects of sPLA2-I on non-immunologically activated RPMC --- p.131 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Effects of sPLA2-II on non-immunologically activated RPMC --- p.131 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Effects of sPLA2-I on [Ca2+]i in immunologically activated RPMC --- p.132 / Chapter 3.7.4 --- Effects of sPLA2-II on [Ca2+]i in immunologically activated RPMC --- p.133 / Chapter 3.8 --- Discussion --- p.145 / Chapter 3.9 --- Summary of the possible mechanism (s) of action of sPLA2 --- p.149 / Chapter 3.10 --- Conclusions --- p.156 / Chapter 3.11 --- Future studies --- p.157 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Effects of sPLA2 on human and guinea pig lung mast cells --- p.158-194 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.159 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methodology --- p.162 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.163 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effects of sPLA2 on the spontaneous histamine release from HLMC --- p.163 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effects of sPLA2 on immunologically induced histamine release from HLMC --- p.163 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effects of sPLA2 on A23187 induced histamine release from HLMC --- p.164 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Effects of p-BPB on the inhibitory activity of sPLA2-I --- p.165 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Effects of sPLA2 on partially purified HLMC --- p.165 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Effects of sPLA2 on the spontaneous histamine release from GPLMC --- p.166 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Effects of sPLA2 on immunologically induced histamine release from GPLMC --- p.167 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.189 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.194 / References --- p.195-228