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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Polytypisme, ordre d'empilement et interstratification dans la cookéite et les phyllosilicates non micacés du métamorphisme. Influence de la pression

Jullien, Michel 10 February 1995 (has links) (PDF)
De tous les paramètres du métamorphisme, la pression est celui dont l'influence sur les microstructures cristallines est la plus mal connue. Pour mettre en évidence ce rôle de la pression de formation, une étude de la séquence d'empilement des phyllosilicates a été entreprise en microscopie électronique (HRTEM). Les phyllosilicates présentent la particularité d'avoir des structures bidimensionnelles dont l'adaptation à des variations de leur environnement se fait préférentiellement selon l'axe C d'empilement des feuillets. Pour souligner une influence de la pression, les échantillons ont été choisis les plus proches possibles de pôles purs et ils proviennent de domaines très variés de pression, entre 1 et 30 kbar, mais de . températures similaires autour de 300-400°C, exceptionnellement 750°C. L'essentiel : de ce travail de thèse a concerné tout d'abord la cookéite, qui est une chlorite di- . trioctaédrique lithinifère, avant d'être étendu aux autres phyllosilicates non micacés du métamorphisme, sudoïte, c1inochlore, pyrophyllite et talc. L'augmentation de pression entraîne une mise en ordre remarquable des séquences qui se dépouillent * progressivement de leurs fautes d'empilement. Cette mise en ordre s'accompagne d'une augmentation considérable des périodes d'empilement et un grand nombre de polytypes complexes ont pu être décrits. Le cas du talc est spectaculaire. Des empilements multipériodiques ont été obseNés à 38, 45, 50 couches, comportant des sous-périodes complexes à 7, 10, 12 couches. La pression conditionne la formation de l'interstratifié 1 cookéite/1 paragonite (sali otite) et permet l'apparition exceptionnelle d'un interstratifié à très longue-période 1 :30. Outre la mise en évidence de l'influence de la pression sur le polytypisme et l'interstratification, cette thèse décrit, pour la première fois en grand nombre, des polytypes à longue-période dans les chlorites et le talc. Le métamorphisme apparaît comme une succession d'étapes de dissolution-recristallisation. Les périodes des polytypes complexes et des interstratifiés, ainsi que la fréquence et la répartition des macles dans les structures phyllosilicatées sont probablement liées à l'état des contraintes élastiques agissant localement dans le cristal
2

Uticaj ambalaže i savremenih uslova pakovanja na održivost tradicionalnih pekarskih proizvoda / Impact of Packaging Material and Contemporary Packaging Conditions on Traditional Bakery Products sustainability

Psodorov Dragan 07 November 2019 (has links)
<p>Predmet doktorske disertacije obuhvata izbor ambalažnog materijala i uslova pakovanja, pakovanje tradicionalnog pekarskog proizvoda pite sa sirom, kao i očuvanje proizvoda tokom skladi&scaron;tenja.<br />Polupečene pite sa sirom su proizvedene i pakovane u petoslojne i sedmoslojne polimerne kese, pri atmosferskim i u uslovima modifikovane atmosfere pakovanja, sa dodatkom i bez dodatka sakupljača kiseonika. Nakon pakovanja, pite su skladi&scaron;tene i ispitivane po sledećoj dinamici: 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 i 16 nedelja skladi&scaron;tenja. Izvr&scaron;ena su ispitivanja ambalažnih materijala i ambalaže, kao i upakovanog proizvoda. Tokom ispitivanja ambalažnih materijala i ambalaže određivana su: fizičko-hemijska i strukturna svojstva ambalažnih materijala, barijerna svojstva ambalaže, koncentracija gasova u ambalaži i kvalitet formiranih varova. Ispitivanja upakovanog proizvoda su se odnosila na: fizičko-hemijska svojstva pite sa sirom, senzorska svojstva pite sa sirom i mikrobiolo&scaron;ka ispitivanja pite sa sirom.<br />Primenjeni ambalažni materijali su pokazali odgovarajuća fizičko, mehanička i strukturna svojstva. Takođe, oba ambalažna materijala pokazuju dobre barijerne karakteristike na ispitivane gasove. Izračunavanjem ukupne zapremine kiseonika koja može biti propu&scaron;tena kroz ambalažu tokom skladi&scaron;tenja je utvrđeno da je upotreba sakupljača kiseonika od 100 ml dovoljna da omogući skladi&scaron;tenje pite sa sirom, pakovane u obe vrste ambalaže, u vremenskom periodu od 122 dana (16 nedelja), bez promene koncentracije kiseonika veće od 1%. Analizom koncentracije gasova u ambalaži je utvrđeno da su najmanje oscilacije merenih gasova tokom skladi&scaron;tenja pokazali uzorci pakovani u petoslojne, kao i sedmoslojne kese, u atmosferi vazduha sa dodatkom sakupljača kiseonika. Fizičko-hemijska svojstva (kiselinski stepen, peroksidni broj, sadržaj vlage, aw vrednost) uzoraka pita sa sirom su se menjala tokom skladi&scaron;tenja, zavisno od vrste ambalaže i uslova pakovanja. Period skladi&scaron;tenja utiče na senzorski kvalitet proizvedenih pita sa sirom. Nakon 16 nedelja skladi&scaron;tenja pita sa sirom upakovanih usa sirom kese od petoslojnog i sedmoslojnog ambalažnog materijala, u atmosferskim uslovima, sa dodatkom sakupljača kiseonika, ne dolazi do promena ukupnog broja kvasaca i plesni.<br />Na osnovu ciljeva doktorske disertacije, izvr&scaron;enih ispitivanja i postignutih rezultata, može se zaklučiti da su predloženi ambalažni materijali, kao i uslovi pakovanja doprineli produženju održivosti tradicionalnog pekarskog proizvoda - pite sa sirom.<br />Primenom barijernih ambalažnih materijala, kombinovanjem atmosferskih uslova pakovanja i sakupljača kiseonika, moguće je skladi&scaron;titi pite sa sirom u dužem periodu.</p> / <p>The subject of doctoral thesis includes the selection of packaging material and packaging conditions, packaging of traditional bakery product phyllo dough pastry with cheese, as well as the preservation of the product during the storage period. Partially baked phyllo dough pastry with cheese have been produced and packed into five and seventh layer polymeric bags, by using atmospheric and modified atmospheric packaging conditions, with and without the addition of the oxygen scavengers. After the packaging, phyllo dough pastries have been stored, and the dynamics of researches has been referred to: 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 week of storing.<br />Researches of packaging material and the product of packaging have been conducted. Examination of packaging material includes: physicochemical and structural properties, barrier properties, concentration of gases inside the packaging and the quality of welds. Examination of the product of packaging includes: physicochemical properties, sensorial properties and microbiological properties of the phyllo dough with cheese.<br />Applied packaging materials have shown an adequate physical, mechanical and structural performances. Furthermore, both packaging materials have shown good barrier characteristics against examined gases. By the calculation of total oxygen volume, which might penetrate throughout packaging materials during storing period, it can be concluded that the application of 100 ml oxygen scavenger is sufficient to provide the storing of phyllo dough pastry, packed in both packaging materials, during a period of 122 days (16 weeks) without oxygen concentration changes higher than 1%. The analysis of gas concentration in packaging has shown that the smallest oscillations of gas concentration during the storage have been determined inside the packaging of five and seven layer packaging material, in air conditions by using oxygen scavengers.<br />Physicochemical performances (acid number, peroxide value, moisture content and aw value) of the samples vary depending on the packaging material and the packaging conditions, during the storage period. The storage period affects the sensorial quality of phyllo dough pastries. After sixteen weeks of storage, phyllo dough pastry with cheese, packed into five and seven layer packaging material, in air atmosphere, with the addition of oxygen scavenger, did not show the increase of the total number of yeasts and molds.<br />Based on the goals, conducted research and results obtained, it might be concluded that suggested packaging materials, as well as the packaging conditions contribute to the additional sustainability of traditional bakery product - phyllo dough pastry with cheese. By the application of barrier packaging material, and combining the atmosphere packaging conditions and the oxygen scavenger it is possible to store phyllo dough pastry for a longer period.</p>

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