The purpose of this study was to validate competencies necessary for beginning physical education teachers in Florida. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine the preferred time to acquire each competency by the beginning teacher. The competency statements used in the study were previously identified and field reviewed by the Florida Council on Teacher Education (COTE) and the Florida Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (FAHPER) during 1978-79. A survey instrument was designed similar to other instruments used in studies on validating competencies in the state. / Of the 541 survey instruments mailed, 310 (57%) usable instruments were returned. The final sample was composed of 227 physical education teachers, 32 school administrators, 19 district supervisors for physical education, 23 teacher educators in physical education, and 9 community college faculty in physical education from the state of Florida. / The analysis of the data in the study showed that: (1) Of the 61 competency statements evaluated for validation, 43 were considered as necessary for beginning physical education teachers by at least 80% of the respondents. Competencies validated obtained an overall mean score of at least 2.00 in order to be considered. (2) Subgroups within the study rated 39 of the 61 competencies very similarly, while 22 of these were rated differently by one or more of the subgroups. (3) Respondents selected course work as the preferred time to acquire 46 of the 61 competencies, while 11 of the competencies were preferred to be acquired during preservice experiences and four during the beginning year of experience. (4) Respondents rated 43 of the 61 competencies very similarly in terms of the preferrred time of acquisition, while in 18 of the competencies, preference was divided. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-09, Section: A, page: 2924. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1982.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine (5 mg/kg body weight) on moderate exercise (100W) under cold (5(DEGREES)C) and neutral (25(DEGREES)C) conditions. Six male subjects, ages 22-31 years, were asked to ingest 300 ml of a decaffeinated coffee solution (with or without caffeine added), rest for 30 minutes, then exercise for 90 minutes on a cycle ergometer at a moderate intensity in either a cold or netural environment on four different occasions. Blood samples were taken prior to coffee ingestion, end of rest, middle of exercise, and immediately post-exercise. Gas samples, heart rates, and body temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes during rest and every 30 minutes throughout exercise. / The results indicated that caffeine increased V(,E),(' )V(,O(,2)), and metabolism during only the resting conditions. Caffeine had no significant influence upon FFA and glucose mobilization and utilization during rest or moderate exercise in a cold or netural environment. Cold exposure during rest stimulated increases in lactate, hemoconcentration, V(,O(,2)),(' )and metabolism. Similar increases were noted during submaximal exercise at 100W in the neutral environment. Exercise also produced similar increases in fat utilization in neutral and cold environments. Mean skin temperatures decreased significantly in the cold while core temperatures remained stable. The results of this study suggest that cold exposure after caffeine ingestion suppresses the physiological effects of caffeine during exercise because of increased blood lactate levels and shivering. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-09, Section: A, page: 2930. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1982.

Models incorporating a single baroclinic mode and realistic coastline geometry are used to analyze the linear, dynamic response to estimates of the interannual wind field over the tropical Pacific and the seasonally varying winds of the tropical Atlantic. The interannual variability of the tropical Pacific is studied for the period January, 1961 to December, 1978. Model pycnocline variations at several locations are similar to the observed sea level fluctuations. El Nino events are depicted as periods when the pycnocline is persistently deep along the eastern boundary. Remotely forced equatorial Kelvin waves are responsible for this response. The character of each simulated El Nisno is strongly dependent on the relation between zonal wind stress changes in the western an central equatorial Pacific. A rapid shoaling of the pycnocline in the western tropical Pacific during each El Nino is caused by westward-propagating Rossby waves. Interannual pycnocline displacements in the central equatorial Pacific are determined by the superposition of Kelvin waves excited to the west and first-mode Rossby waves generated to the east. / The forced periodic response to the seasonal wind field of the tropical Atlantic is a spatially dependent combination of a locally forced response, Kelvin waves, Rossby waves, and multiple wave reflections. The seasonal displacements of the model pycnocline are compared with observed dynamic height. Annual and semiannual fluctuations dominate the seasonal signal throughout the basin. In general, the distribution of amplitude and phase are similar for annual changes in dynamic height and pycnocline depth. Major features of the seasonal response are reproduced, e.g. an east-west tilting of the equatorial pycnocline about a pivot point, the seasonal pycnocline movement along the northern and southern coast of the Guinea Gulf, and a significant change of phase in the ocean variability north and south of the ITCZ. The relative importance between local and remote forcing is determined for several parts of the basin. The wind-driven annual signal in the Gulf of Guinea is due to zonal wind stress fluctuations west of the gulf. The seasonal response in the western equatorial and northernmost parts of the basin are primarily local. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-10, Section: B, page: 3173. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1982.

The growth and development of Women's Athletics has generated a need for a certain kind of person who possesses expertise in administering women's intercollegiate athletic programs. The literature indicated that there were a small percentage of women administrators in educational institutions due to a diversity of variables which included society's sex role stereotyping and second-rate citizen status, and a lack of administrative preparation and experience in business as well as academic affairs. Additionally, the duties and responsibilities of athletic directors revealed they can have literally hundreds of duties depending on the size and philosophy of their institutions. This person coordinates the program and is recognized as an expert in a highly specialized area of administration. Therefore, his/her perceptions are viewed as facilitators through which new and expanding programs are created and maintained. However, because there is a dearth of research assessing the duties, responsibilities, and functions of athletic directors at large, medium, and small institutions of higher education, a comparison of the perceived degree of involvement in administrative duties was investigated. A survey questionnaire was developed and results were summarized from three-hundred and ninety-nine male and female athletic directors. The findings indicated that male and female athletic directors perceived the degree of involvement now being fulfilled in the areas of planning, budgeting, and personnel as "often" and facilities and equipment, public relations, and role modeling as "sometimes," and that should be fulfilled in the areas of planning, personnel, and public relations as "often," budgeting as "always," facilities and equipment as "seldom," and role modeling as "sometimes." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-06, Section: A, page: 1878. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1982.

The Hiller-Sucher-Feinberg (HSF) identity for matrix elements of Dirac's delta-function is used to obtain an alternative equation for the electron density. Asymptotics of the HSF electron density are derived; the HSF density obeys a relationship analogous to Kato's cusp condition, and decays to a constant if the sum of approximate Hellmann-Feynman forces is finite. The HSF molecular integrals, ${\cal L},{\cal U}$ and ${\cal V}$, involving s-type Gaussian basis functions are derived. Formulae that yield optimal quadrature parameters for the numerical integration of the ${\cal U}$ and ${\cal V}$ integrals are developed. An analytic component, corresponding to Rosser's rocket flight function, $\int\sbsp{0}{a} {e\sp{-bt}\over 1+2t\sp2} dt$, is extracted from the ${\cal V}$ integral, and novel methods for its computation are presented. M scATHEMATICA programs that calculate accurate and efficient approximates of special functions are listed, including rational approximates with expanding interpolation grids. These developments are implemented in scRHODOS, which runs at sustained rates of 120 MFLOPS on a single, Cray YMP CPU. Results obtained with scRHODOS demonstrate that the HSF density is an order of magnitude more accurate than the conventional density at the nuclei of heavy atoms, but is less accurate at hydrogen nuclei bound to heavy atoms due to its improper decay. The constrained-variational method is developed to eliminate Hellmann-Feynman forces; application of this method increases the accuracy of the HSF density at hydrogen nuclei dramatically. In the case of the di-lithium molecule, the electron density and its topological properties converge more rapidly when derived from the HSF identity. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 55-04, Section: B, page: 1449. / Major Professor: Jerzy Cioslowski. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1994.

A model is formulated to study the influence of large coastline and shelf topography variations on the dynamics of stratified, low-frequency wind-driven frictional shelf waters. At low frequencies, currents nearly follow the isobaths. Therefore, the coordinate system should be a curvilinear system in which the coordinate lines are parallel and perpendicular to the isobaths. Writing the low frequency problem for stratified, frictional, time-dependent linear wind forced shelf flow in these coordinates, it is found that, even when the topography varies alongshore on scales comparable to the shelf width, the solution can be expressed as a sum of curvilinear coastally trapped waves (CCTW) scattered by alongshore variations in bottom topography and bottom friction. The CCTW amplitudes satisfy coupled, forced-wave equations of the same form as those of the straight coast case. The unforced CCTWs speed up when the shelf forms an embayment and when there is no curvature and the shelf is wider. / Calculations show that changes in topography and coastline affect both velocity and sea level, especially the velocity. For example, for frictionless flow and a mode 1 CTW incident to a narrowing shelf, the alongshore velocity amplitude changes markedly in the bend region. In this case curvature and conservation of relative vorticity explain the changes in amplitude of the alongshore coastal velocity at the bend. When friction is included the same qualitative changes occur but the changes in velocity amplitude are smaller because of damping. Similar dynamics apply when a shelf widens. / Calculations were also done with measured wind forcing and results compared with measured sea level on the West Florida Shelf. Since the sea level observations were made at the coast, a formula was derived to estimate sea level at the coast given sea level at the model coast. The model successfully calculated the wind-driven West Florida Shelf sea level fluctuations even in the Big Bend region where coastline and bottom topography vary rapidly alongshore. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 53-11, Section: B, page: 5622. / Major Professor: Allan J. Clarke. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1992.

Since oceanic eddies migrate westward, they eventually reach the western boundaries of the oceans. Therefore, it is of interest to find out in which direction a surface eddy moves after eddies collide with walls. First, we show analytically that, as a result of the image effect, a cyclone moves southward whereas an anticyclone translates northward along a wall. Then, we use an isopycnic, two-layer, primitive equation, numerical model on a $\beta$-plane to study the image effect, the $\beta$-force, and the "rocket" effect altogether. It is numerically found that, out of these three mechanisms, the image effect is the most dominant one in determining the eddy's final migration along the wall. Finally, it is analytically found that, in the presence of an offshore-sloping-down bottom, the topographic effect tends to causes a bottom eddy to migrate southward along the wall. / Our second aim is to study the detailed temporal evolution of an eddy colliding with a wall on an f-plane using a barotropic, as well as a one-and-a-half-layer contour dynamics model. At t = 0, the circular eddy is conceptually cut off by the wall. It is found that, for t $>$ 0, part of the eddy's fluid is gradually advected along the wall and forms a new eddy. Then, the new eddy migrates away from the parent eddy due to the image effect. The results of this contour dynamics study are confirmed by those of the isopycnic, primitive equation model on an f-plane. / Possible applications of these models to various oceanic situations are discussed. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 53-11, Section: B, page: 5622. / Major Professor: Doron Nof. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1992.

The parameter optimization problem in oceanography is studied, in which an oceanic model with thermodynamics is used to determine the surface thermal forcing field by the adjoint technique. Two datasets are chosen, the climatological monthly-mean sea surface temperature (SST) and winds. The seasonal variability of the surface heat flux distribution over the tropical Pacific ocean is investigated. / The use of a priori information is investigated in the formulation of the cost function. Experimental evidence has verified that adding a priori information of the estimated parameters can increase the probability for the solution to be unique. The a priori information also plays the role of bogus data. It serves not only to increase the number of observations but to improve the conditioning of the Hessian. / The results are very promising. It has been possible, for the first time, to calculate the seasonal surface heat flux patterns which are consistent with both the ocean's physics and the observations. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 53-11, Section: B, page: 5622. / Major Professor: James J. O'Brien. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1992.

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the physiologic, biochemical and performance changes that occurred during a 35-day period as a result of three weeks ingestion of a low carbohydrate-ketogenic diet by trained females. Seven trained females (19-28 years) volunteered for participation in this study. The experimental period was divided into five seven-day phases. Sequentially, mean percent carbohydrate intake for the five dietary phases was: 45.9, 12.5, 12.9, 12.7 48.9. / Data were collected at seven-day intervals. Measures included 24-hour urine samples, exercise and rest expired air and blood samples, and exercise heart rates. Performance was assessed by an interval bicycle ergometer ride at 85% VO(,2) max. Body composition was assessed at days 1, 30 and 37. Leg power was assessed at days 6, 13, 20, 27 and 30. / Significant results at p < 0.05 associated with the low carbohydrate phases of the diet included: increased urinary ketones, urine volume, HDL-cholesterol, resting and exercise FFA concentrations, exercise heart rates and ratings of perceived exertion; decreased body weight and fat, exercise time and respiratory exchange ratios, resting and exercise blood lactate concentrations. There were no significant changes in total serum cholesterol concentration, oxygen consumption at rest or during exercise, the sum of three skinfolds, leg power, resting respiratory exchange ratio, resting serum glucose concentration, hematocrit at rest or during exercise, or percent decrease in plasma volume among the five dietary phases. Urinary calcium excretion was significantly related to dietary protein intake. Urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion was significantly related to dietary muscle protein intake prior to urine collection. / It was concluded that ingestion of a low carbohydrate-ketogenic diet does induce some metabolic alterations that affect performance. Trained individuals, when ingesting a diet deficient in carbohydrate, cannot perform endurance exercise at the same level as when they are ingesting a diet containing greater than 40% of the calories as carbohydrate. This inability to perform endurance exercise was associated with increased fat mobilization and utilization during exercise at 85% VO(,2) max. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 44-11, Section: A, page: 3318. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1983.

Previous investigations disclosed a strong near-bottom equatorward contour-following flow at the base of the Scotian Rise near the 4,900 m isobath ((TURN)40(DEGREES)N, 62(DEGREES)W) which coexisted with a filament of relatively fresh cold water (termed the Cold Filament); energetic fluctuations with time scales 0(30-90 days) existed in current-meter data. A comparison is made of long (8-12 mos.) records of three near-bottom current-meters with satellite-derived frontal positions of Gulf Stream meanders and rings. The energetic fluctuations coincide with, and most probably result from, the movement of Gulf Stream meanders and rings. However, near the 4,500 m isobath, a 40-day energetic event indicates the apparent presence of topographic Rossby waves, which appear to fit Pedlosky's theory of a bottom-trapped baroclinic topographic Rossby wave resulting from destabilization of a sheared flow by topography. The evidence indicates that the strong equatorward contour-following flow near the 4,900 m isobath is decoupled from, and not part of, the Deep Western Boundary Current, which exists upslope of the 4,000 m isobath on the Scotian Rise. A search of archived hydrographic data of the western North Atlantic shows the Cold Filament to be an ubiquitous feature near the base of the Continental Rise from the Grand Banks Ridge (50(DEGREES)W) to 24(DEGREES)N. The Cold Filament is inferred to be a tracer for an equatorward contour-following flow. A sketch of the partial near-bottom circulation of the western North Atlantic is made based primarily on the Cold Filament; it agrees more closely with a model of the deep circulation by Wunsch and Grant than with a recent model by Hogg. A rough estimate of the dissipation of eddy kinetic energy as a result of the interaction of the Gulf Stream meanders and rings with the bottom indicates that this mechanism may account for roughly 50% of the energy input by the wind into the subtropical gyre of the western North Atlantic. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 45-04, Section: B, page: 1140. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1984.