In the response to the globalization trend, governments around the world manage to establish high effective and ideal-typed governments by promoting ¡§reinventing government¡¨ projects to enhance administrative efficiency. Taiwan government, meanwhile, moves on to different phases of government reform plans. Since local governments in Taiwan were given the power of self governance in 1950, the administrative divisions haven¡¦t been readjusted. After 60-year development, the population distribution and urban modes have totally changed. Without readjustment of the administrative divisions, human resource could not be reasonably deployed, resources wasted, regional development gaps widened and the entire country development was severely influenced. How face with and readjust the issue of administrative divisions is urgent. Governmental organization reform has been a crucial policy for years, yet opinions on administrative divisions has been differentiated and a general consensus on this matter was hard to be reached. The objective of promoting the adjustment of administrative divisions is to boost the government administrative effectiveness. However, there are 319 urban and rural townships in Taiwan and to adjust and merge these administrative divisions is indeed a huge task. The author adopted a microcosm perspective and took the program of merging and adjustment of rural and urban townships in Pingtung county as a case. The program includes four phases of adjustment: 1) electoral divisions of regional legislatives, 2) electoral divisions of county councilmen, 3) divisions of land administration, and 4) divisions of police administration. With related literature review, the author analyzed and compared about administrative, political, legislative and fiscal factors before and after the adjustment of administrative divisions in Pintung county, and also proposed and discussed possible problems in the process of implementing the program. It is hoped that the study can be the reference to the future promotion of the adjustment of administrative divisions.

Coastal zone become the object which is used to develop when the economy developed quickly and population increase. As a result of coastal zone is a region which involves economy, environment, ecology, and engineering. We must integrated many factors and coordinated related groups. Then we can achieve the goal of sustainable development. The research involved the knowledge and experiences from Europe, American, and Japan. Except they used a construct of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) to think the questions, they combined ecology, water conservancy engineering, social economic activities, and environmental protection. Then they used DSR framework as the foundation to establish the system which evaluated sustainable development of the coastal zone, and they can develop the system dynamic model analyzing the coastal management in many conditions. Land subsidence is a potential crisis, it grows obviously with the time and has the impact to the environment., When typhoon occurs in the west part of Taiwan coastal area, draining which is unable to operate may cause flood, mole avalanche, seawater intrusion and soil salinization. First we must understand the origin and the management of land subsidence, then we can make the effective strategies by researching different background and geography characteristic of the region. As a result of land subsidence involves economy, environment, ecology and engineering, the process of land subsidence is a complex problem which has multiple causes. This problem usually involves time-delay and long-term effect. System dynamics is an approach that is used to describe, explore and analyze the procedure, information and the boundary of organizations in complex systems. Such model is good for solving dynamic complex problems with non-linearity, causal circulation, information feedback and time-delay as long as the estimative parameter fall in its confidence level. The object of the research is to inspect land subsidence in the Pingtung plain. Therefore, this study proposes to find strategies which is suitable to solve interested problems according to integrate social-economic and ecologic-environment development. The framework of the research is based on the DSR (Driving forces-State-Response) index, and it makes evaluated factor from collecting domestic and foreign literature. Then we selected the important factors and its weight value by using the method of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to visit the expert and the scholar. According to above, we developed the model of system dynamics and build confidence in the model. In addition, the result of the simulation can provide good supporting information for decision makers by using the model for several strategies simulation and making the index to represent the performance of simulation analysis.

No description available.

本研究旨在瞭解屏東縣國民中學家長會之運作，並分析不同規模與所在地學校其家長會運作情況，最後依據研究結果，提出建議，做為學校經營者辦學之參考。 本研究的目的為：一、探討「學校家長會」組織的功能。二、瞭解屏東縣國民中學家長會運作的現況。三、瞭解屏東縣國民中學家長會運作的問題。四、分析影響屏東縣國民中學家長會運作因素及改進之道。五、根據研究結果提出建議，供教育行政機關、學校行政人員、家長及相關人員參考。 本研究以屏東縣國民中學家長會為研究範圍，針對家長會運作的現況做深入的探討，以問卷為研究的方法，分析不同規模類型學校家長會異同及其影響因素，藉以瞭解屏東縣國民中學家長會運作之概況。問卷題目為研究者自編，依據本研究需要，將樣本背景變項設定為性別、學校規模、學校所在地區、家長會職務、學校職務等五項。研究對象採普查方式調查屏東縣38所國民中學學校家長會，每校寄發學校人員專用問卷三份，請學校校長、負責家長會業務處室主任、家長會幹事填答；家長會成員專用問卷三份，請家長會會長、家長委員2員填答；總計學校人員部分寄發114份問卷，家長會成員部分寄發114份問卷，共計228份問卷。所得資料經整理後，以次數分配與百分比、卡方考驗及複選題分析等統計方法分析資料。 本研究主要結論如下： 一、屏東縣國民中學家長會的運作，多數未能完全依照「屏東縣各級學校家長會設置辦法」行事。 二、屏東縣國中學家長會組織運作之正面功能，多於負面功能。 三、屏東縣國民中學不同規模的學校家長會運作差異：（一)每年家長會召開會議的次數有達到法定標準者，除30班以上學校高達83.3%，其他學校，均未達一半。（二)不論學校規模大小，其家長費經費來源多依靠「學生繳交的家長會費」、「家長的捐款」及「家長委員的捐款」，其三者佔的比例均相當。 四、屏東縣國民中學不同所在地(屏東市、鄉鎮、原住民地區)的學校家長會運作的差異：（一)每年家長會召開會議的次數有達到法定標準者，屏東市學校，則高達100%。（二)經費來源，屏東市學校，均以「家長委員的捐款」比例最高，鄉鎮及原住民學校則以「學生繳交的家長會費」、「家長的捐款」及「家長委員的捐款」為主，三者佔的比例均相同。（三)原住民學校有很高的比例，完全沒有捐款。 五、屏東縣國民中學家長會運作面臨的困難主要有：「經費不足」、「學校安排活動的時間，常常不利家長的參與」、「家長委員熱心不足」及「家長委員不熟悉運作模式及教育理念不足，無法有效參與。」 六、屏東縣國民中學家長會組織的改善之道主要有：「建立一套具體可行之法令，做為家長會運作之依據」、「地方教育局與家長會共同辦理家長委員訓練」、「家長會成員應不限於家長，可加入熱心的社區人士」、「成立地方性，全國性家長會團體組織，成為支持體系」。 七、屏東縣國民中學家長會運作的改善之道主要為：「配合家長時間，提升家長委員參與校務的出席率」為主，其次為「辦理家長委員研習，提升其參與校務的知能」，其餘依序為：「辦理教育訓練，提高家長會成員素質」、「營造支持家長會參與校務的氣氛」及「建立家長會獎勵辦法，獎勵推動家長會有功人員」。 八、調查結果顯示：多數贊成屏東縣各國民中學共同成立聯合家長會與建議訂定「家長參與教育法」做為家長會運作的法源基礎。 最後依據研究結論提出建議以供教育行政、學校以及家長會相關人員參考，並對未來後續研究等方面提出具體建議。 關鍵字：屏東縣國民中學、家長會、家長會運作 / The aim of this research is to understand the operation of junior high school parents’ association of Pingtung County, to analyze the function of it in different school varied in scale and location, and, ultimately, to put forth the conclusion as a reference for principle executive decision, which is routed in the research. The purpose of this research is to: A, inquire into the function of “parents’ association” organization, B, understand how the current conditions that the junior high school parent of Pingtung County operate, C, understand what the problem will the junior high school parent of Pingtung County come across, D, analyze which of the factors influence the parents’ association and how to improve it, and, E put forth a suggestion based on the research as a guide line for educational administration organization, the administrative personnel of the school, and the parents and related personnel. This research covered all the junior high school parent of Pingtung County and did a deep survey aiming at understanding the operating situation of parents’ association in Pingtung County by questionnaire and influencing factors analyzing debate on types and scales of parents’ association, try to understand the system function of parents’ association in Pingtung County. The questionnaire the oriented from researcher, which is designed for fitting the purpose of this research, set the variable of the sample background into: sex, school scale, school place region, parents’ association duty, and school duty. The research object adopts a census method to investigate 38 junior high school parents’ association in Pingtung County, by mailing 3 copies of questionnaire for 3 school personnel, which are principle, the chairman of the parents’ association affairs of school, and executive officer of parents’ association of school, and 3 copies for members of parents’ association, which are the chairman of parents’ association and 2 other members. We collect 114 questionnaires from each party and have 228 copies totally. After sorting and calculating, we analyze the data with number of times allotment, percentage, Chi-Fung square test, the indirect election analysis, and the covariance method. The main conclusions are as follows: First of all, the majority of the operation of association of junior high school parent in Pingtung County can not completely obey the “rule for all levels of school parents of Pingtung County”. Second, Pingtung County parents’ association is much more positive function than negative. Third, there is difference between parents’ association of levels of junior high school in Pingtung County. (A) the number of times of meeting the parent will convene every year have already reached the legal standard, the rate of more than 30 classes schools are up to 83.3%, others have not reach a half. (B) In spite of scale size of the school, its parent fee budget source depends on “parents’ membership dues that the student hands in”, contributing money of parent”, and “contributing money of parents’ member of committee”, each of them is equally one third. Fourth, the school parent of junior high school location (ex. Pingtung City, village, or the region of aborigine) in Pingtung County will make huge difference. (A) The number of times of meeting the parent will convene every year have already reached the legal standard in Pingtung City School, and then be up to 100%. (B) the budget, source, Pingtung City school, all” parent the number of committee contribute money” rate is the highest, village and the school of aborigine then take “the membership dues of the parent whom the student hands in”, “the parent contribute money”, and “parent the member of committee contribute money” as majority source, each of them is equally the same. (C) There is very high rate of aboriginal school didn’t collect any money. Fifth, the junior high school parent of Pingtung County will face the difficulty such as” budget shortage”,” time arrangement of school enabling the participation of the parent”,” low enthusiasm parent association member”, and” not acquaint with the operating mode or short in foresight to effectively participate”. Sixth, the ways to improve the organizational defect are” build up a set of ordinance that concretely working as a basis of parent association guide line”,” local bureau of education and parent altogether held the parent association training”,” parent association members could be selected from non-parent and open for warmhearted neighbor”, and”fund a local or national parents’ association to be a strong back-up system”. Seventh, the ways to improve the operational defect are” first of all, fix the school schedule to fit the parents’ leisure time to enhance the participation of parents”,”second,carry out a parent association member study to improve their ability to participate in school administration”,and”carry out a training to enhance the quality of parents’ association”,then”try to support and encourage the parents to participate the school affair”,finally”build a reward system to praise the enthusiastic parents”. Eighth, the research shows that: the majority of all approve to co-establish “parent participation education rule” by both school personnel and parents to be the legal basis for parent to participating school affaire and parent association in Pingtung County. Finally, here I present some concretely advice for educational administration, school personels,amd parents to be some guide line, and also direct some possible suggestion as future survey direction. Key word:Pingtung County junior high school, parent’s association, working of parents’ association