Inaug.-diss.--Hamburg. / Lebenslauf. Original paging also given. "Sonderdruck aus: Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Deutschen atlantischen expedition auf dem forschungsund vermessungsschiff 'Meteor' 1925-1927. Bd. XII." "Schriftenverzeichnis": p. 55.

Inaug.-diss.--Kiel. / Lebenslauf. From "Wissensch. meeresuntersuchungen. K. Kommission abt. Kiel. bd. 10", p. 110-127. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. [22].

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003. / Title from title page screen (viewed Oct. 13, 2003). Thesis advisor: J. Larry Wilson. Document formatted into pages (ix, 92 p. : col. ill., maps (some col.)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53).

Thèse (Docteur en Océanologie)--Universite de Liege, 1985. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-277).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1916. / Typescript. "Reprinted from the Transactions of the Wisconsin Acadamy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, Vol. XIX. Part I." eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-319).

Kiel, Universiẗat, Diss., 2000.

Samples of adult crustacean plankters were obtained from Shuswap Lake, B.C. during 1954, 1955 and 1956. The validity of quantitative plankton sampling techniques used during the investigation were examined. Data were analysed for evidence of seasonal and annual variations in availability of adult crustacean plankters. Rapid, random changes in efficiency of Wisconsin large-type nets when used as vertical samplers did not obscure differences in availability of plankton at different stations. Comparison of catches of a new net to those made by a well-used net showed that the nets maintained constant and equal efficiency for periods of at least three months. The means of groups of hauls made at three different rates of haul did not vary significantly and it was concluded that variability in rate of haul was not a serious source of error. A series of thirty consecutive hauls was divided into five groups. The means of the groups were tested by analysis of variance and it was found that, although there were significant differences between the means, there was no evidence that a progressive decline in the efficiency of the net occurred. Increased accuracy in measurement of relative abundance of adult crustacean zooplankters was obtained by washing samples on a screen before centrifuging. By this process most of the phytoplankton and small zooplankters were removed. Short-term changes in availability of the adult crustacean component of the plankton occurred on all stations during all three years; however, these rapid changes in availability did not hide seasonal trends or annual differences in availability. Examination of average catches representative of the same time-interval in each year showed that availability of plankton in 1955 was lower than either 1954 or 1956 for all stations. These data also showed that consistent differences in availability occurred at the various stations. Conclusions regarding the effect of the dominant year-class of sockeye on availability of plankton cannot be reached at present, although it can be concluded that low plankton availability does not limit the abundance of sub-dominant and "off year" runs of sockeye. Average annual differences in water temperatures apparently do not cause annual differences in plankton availability. Differences in productivity of different parts of the lake were probably caused by differences in dissolved mineral content of the water, which in turn were probably caused by differences in geology of the watersheds of the parts of the lake. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Among the North Atlantic marine birds, only one species fills the plankton-feeding niche (Plautus alle L., Alcidae) while in the North Pacific and adjacent seas, no less than five alcids occupy it. A comparison of the feeding and nesting habits was made in order to understand how the food resources and the nesting habitat were partitioned between three of these species, the Crested auklet (Aethia cristatella (Pallas)), the Least auklet (A. pusilia (Pallas)) and the Parakeet auklet (Cyclorrhynchus psittacula (Pallas)), The study was made on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, during the summers of 1964- to 1966. The two congeneric species differ markedly in size (pusilla 90 g; cristatella. 300 g) the Crested and the Parakeet auklets are of equivalent body size. The three species have diurnal habits. The two Aethia are active on the nesting colonies during the morning and the evening and feed at sea in early afternoon and early morning. Cyclorrhynchus is present on the colonies in the morning and early afternoon only and spends the rest of the day at sea, feeding. Aethia cristatella and A. pusilla exhibit the same type of response to the food source : both have a diversified diet in May-July (caridean larvae, hyperiids, mysids, gammarids) and restrict themselves to one dominant prey item during the chick-rearing period (August-September). A. pusilla then concentrates its feeding on Calanus finmarchicus and A. cristatella on Thysanoessa spp. The two auklets have largely overlapping habits and share the same feeding grounds. They differ markedly in diet, but more so in the size of the prey organisms used and these differences can be accounted f or by differences in bill-size alone. Slightly over half of the diet of Cyclorrhynchus was made of carnivorous macroplankton (large hyperiids, fish, etc.). The Parakeet auklet differs from its possible competitor, the Crested auklet, by occupying a slightly higher trophic level and by devoting more of its time to feeding. The two species, however, are found on the same feeding grounds and are presumed to utilize the same feeding depth-range. Differences in diet between the two are provisionally attributed to differences in bill structure and bill shape. In Aethia the reversal to monophagy during the chick-rearing period seems to reflect a sudden increase in the availability of palanus and Thysanoegsa. This, in turn, is believed to have importance in determining the timing of the breeding season. No obvious factor is responsible for timing in Cyclorrhynchus. which breeds slightly later than either of the two species of Aethia. The Crested and the Least auklets seem to depend upon prey organisms that oscillate widely in abundance and availability. The Parakeet auklet depends to a greater extent upon organisms whose supply is more or less constant throughout the year. Segregation in nesting is complete between the two genera. Cyclorrhynchus is a cliff-nester while Aethia occupies talus slopes. In the latter habitat, the marked difference in body size between the two species is again responsible for segregation through the action of one principal factor, the average rock diameter on the slopes. The density of A. criptatella increases in early with increasing boulder size : the density of A. pusilia decreases both with decreasing boulder size and with the decreasing abundance of its large congener from a knowledge of the average size of the particles in the nesting habitat, one can predict accurately the relative abundance of the two species of Aethia. The position of the plankton-feeders in the community of diving marine birds is examined. Feeding adaptations (degree of tongue cornification, palatal breadth, number and arrangement of palatal papillae) follow a gradient or a regular modification throughout the family. On the basis of these variations, which can be expressed as a ratio (Bill-width / Gape), a model is constructed that gives a graphical representation of the breadth of the ecological field occupied by the family. Two distinct levels emerge : the fish-feeders (uria,. Alca) and the plankton-feeders (Aethia,. Plautps): an intermediate level can be distinguished (Fratercula. Lundq) The species of the latter group preserve adaptations that allow them to utilize plankton and fish-foods. The model allows us to recognize and define special adaptations with respect to other members of the family and to recognize the main trends in evolution of body size and feeding adaptations within this taxonomic group. In comparison with younger families or orders, most members of the Alcidae are discrete and well-defined ecologically. Among the three plankton feeders studied, the overlap in requirements is very small and no sign of competition for food or for nesting was found. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The physical characteristics and distributions in space and time of salinity, temperature and phytoplankton in Ladysmith Harbour are described. It is shown that water exchange in Inner Ladysmith Harbour is the result of horizontal mixing and a two-layered circulation. The mean rate of water renewal in the Inner Harbour is calculated to be 32.2. percent of the mean volume per day. It is shown that four blooms of phytoplankton may occur in Ladysmith Harbour during the growing season, each having characteristic distributions. The distributions of phytoplankton during the first three blooms are discussed in relation to the physical characteristics and processes in and near Ladysmith Harbour. It is stated that the generic composition of the phytoplankton in Ladysmith Harbour varies in time and space. The rate of water exchange is shown to be such that endemic species of diatoms may develop in the Inner Harbour and that under certain conditions apparent endemism may occur. It is shown that both population succession and local sequence may be responsible for changes in the generic composition of the phytoplankton with time. Using the mean rate of water exchange and the assumption that renewal of water results entirely from the two-layer circulation, the net rates of advection of phytoplankton into Inner Ladysmith Harbour are calculated. It is shown that variations in the standing crop appear to be more closely related to changes in the rate of advection of phytoplankton than to changes in the rate of removal of cells by zooplankton. The rate of recruitment of phytoplankton by growth is calculated. It is computed that recruitment of cells by advection exceeds the recruitment by growth in Inner ladysmith Harbour. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate