Three types of oak planting stock were evaluated to determine their influence on survival and initial growth. Planting stocks utilized include conventional containerized seedlings with a 240 cm3 container, 1-0, bare-root seedlings, and Root Production Method (RPM™) seedlings with a 11.4 L container. Initially after outplanting and at the conclusion of the first and second growing seasons, height, groundline diameter (GLD), and survival were assessed. Study sites are located in southern Mississippi on lands disturbed by Hurricane Katrina. Species planted were swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii Nutt.) and Nuttall oak (Q. texana Palmer). A total of 3,600 seedlings were planted in this study: 300 seedlings for each of the six planting stock/species combinations per site. Statistical comparisons of growth and survival among species and planting stock types were performed. RPM™ and bare-root planting stocks exhibited similar growth and survival, while the conventional container stock had significantly lower growth and survival.

Survival and growth of two oak species, water oak (Quercus nigra) and swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), and three planting stocks: 1-0 bareroot, conventional containerized, and EKOgrownTM seedlings were compared for two growing seasons. Conventional containerized seedlings had the best survival. Bareroot seedlings had the second highest survival and EKOTM seedlings had the lowest at the end of two growing seasons. Conventional containerized planting stock exhibited greater groundline diameter (GLD) growth for both species at the end of the first growing season compared to bareroot and EKOTM planting stock. Bareroot seedlings had similar GLD growth to EKOTM seedlings for both years. Conventional containerized seedlings height differed in water oak but did not differ in swamp chestnut oak at the end of year two compared to bareroot seedlings. EKOTM seedlings exhibited severe dieback at the end of both growing seasons and the least amount of height growth.

O transplante de indivíduos jovens ocorrentes na regeneração natural de florestas como estratégia de produção de mudas visando a restauração de áreas degradadas é recente no Brasil. Dentre as principais vantagens associadas a essa técnica pode-se destacar a obtenção de elevado número de espécies (geralmente não disponíveis em viveiros convencionais), a eliminação de etapas de viveiro dispendiosas ou desconhecidas (beneficiamento, armazenamento e tratamentos pré-germinativos das sementes) e a obtenção de elevado número de indivíduos em relativamente pouco tempo quando comparado à colheita de sementes. Apesar dessas vantagens, algumas restrições importantes devem ser consideradas, a começar pela aplicação desta técnica em situações específicas nas quais áreas com vegetação serão desmatadas. Nestes casos, o transplante representa uma forma de aproveitar o que de outra forma seria \"desperdiçado\", constituindo uma possibilidade de compensação ambiental aos impactos ocasionados pela construção de empreendimentos, usinas hidrelétricas, etc. Considerando que estas situações são freqüentes em nosso país, o presente trabalho tem como proposta avaliar a técnica de transplante como estratégia de produção de mudas, visando a restauração ecológica de áreas degradadas. Para tanto, a dissertação se divide em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro referente a viabilidade da técnica - considerando seus aspectos ecológicos, técnico/silviculturais e econômicos - e o segundo a respeito da avaliação do desempenho das mudas transplantadas sob duas condições de luz (a pleno sol e sombra). De maneira geral, o transplante de plântulas e plantas jovens é viável, mas necessita de mais estudos que permitam um refinamento da técnica e melhor desempenho dos indivíduos coletados. / The transplantation of young individuals occurring under forest canopy as an strategy of planting stock production for ecological restoration is recent in Brazil. Among its most important advantages we highlight the collection of a high number of species (usually not available in nurseries), the elimination of unknown or expensive nurseries\' proceedings (seeds\' amelioration, storage and pre-germinative requirements) and the obtainment of a high number of individuals when compared to the usual seeds\' collection. Despite these advantages, some restraints must be considered, once this technique should only be applied on specific situations, like those where vegetated areas will be legally deforested. On these cases transplantation may represent a feasible way to make good use of what otherwise would be wasted, representing an interesting possibility of environmental compensation resulting from activities with adverse effects. Considering that those situations are quite common in developing countries, the present study aims to evaluate the transplantation technique as an strategy of planting stock production, improving ecological restoration efforts. For this matter, this dissertation is divided into two chapters. The former is about the technique feasibility - considering its ecological, technical/silvicultural and economic aspects - and the latter about the transplanted seedlings\' performance under two light conditions (sun and shade). In a general way, seedlings and saplings\' transplantation is feasible, although further studies are needed to refine the technique and improve the performance of transplanted individuals.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

O transplante de indivíduos jovens ocorrentes na regeneração natural de florestas como estratégia de produção de mudas visando a restauração de áreas degradadas é recente no Brasil. Dentre as principais vantagens associadas a essa técnica pode-se destacar a obtenção de elevado número de espécies (geralmente não disponíveis em viveiros convencionais), a eliminação de etapas de viveiro dispendiosas ou desconhecidas (beneficiamento, armazenamento e tratamentos pré-germinativos das sementes) e a obtenção de elevado número de indivíduos em relativamente pouco tempo quando comparado à colheita de sementes. Apesar dessas vantagens, algumas restrições importantes devem ser consideradas, a começar pela aplicação desta técnica em situações específicas nas quais áreas com vegetação serão desmatadas. Nestes casos, o transplante representa uma forma de aproveitar o que de outra forma seria \"desperdiçado\", constituindo uma possibilidade de compensação ambiental aos impactos ocasionados pela construção de empreendimentos, usinas hidrelétricas, etc. Considerando que estas situações são freqüentes em nosso país, o presente trabalho tem como proposta avaliar a técnica de transplante como estratégia de produção de mudas, visando a restauração ecológica de áreas degradadas. Para tanto, a dissertação se divide em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro referente a viabilidade da técnica - considerando seus aspectos ecológicos, técnico/silviculturais e econômicos - e o segundo a respeito da avaliação do desempenho das mudas transplantadas sob duas condições de luz (a pleno sol e sombra). De maneira geral, o transplante de plântulas e plantas jovens é viável, mas necessita de mais estudos que permitam um refinamento da técnica e melhor desempenho dos indivíduos coletados. / The transplantation of young individuals occurring under forest canopy as an strategy of planting stock production for ecological restoration is recent in Brazil. Among its most important advantages we highlight the collection of a high number of species (usually not available in nurseries), the elimination of unknown or expensive nurseries\' proceedings (seeds\' amelioration, storage and pre-germinative requirements) and the obtainment of a high number of individuals when compared to the usual seeds\' collection. Despite these advantages, some restraints must be considered, once this technique should only be applied on specific situations, like those where vegetated areas will be legally deforested. On these cases transplantation may represent a feasible way to make good use of what otherwise would be wasted, representing an interesting possibility of environmental compensation resulting from activities with adverse effects. Considering that those situations are quite common in developing countries, the present study aims to evaluate the transplantation technique as an strategy of planting stock production, improving ecological restoration efforts. For this matter, this dissertation is divided into two chapters. The former is about the technique feasibility - considering its ecological, technical/silvicultural and economic aspects - and the latter about the transplanted seedlings\' performance under two light conditions (sun and shade). In a general way, seedlings and saplings\' transplantation is feasible, although further studies are needed to refine the technique and improve the performance of transplanted individuals.

Bare-root, container, and root production method (RPM™) seedlings of two oak species (Nuttall (Quercus texana Buckley), cherrybark (Q. pagoda Ell.)) were planted on lands damaged by Hurricane Katrina in southern Mississippi to compare the height growth, groundline diameter growth and survival of the different planting stocks. Tree shelters were applied to half of the bare-root seedlings to determine their effect on the height and groundline diameter growth and survival of the seedlings. RPM seedlings exhibited significantly greater height and groundline diameter growth than bare-root or container seedlings after one growing season. Bare-root seedlings exhibited significantly greater height and groundline diameter growth than container seedlings. Tree shelters significantly increased height growth of bare-root seedlings; however, sheltered bare-root seedlings exhibited significantly less groundline diameter growth than non-sheltered seedlings. Cherrybark oak exhibited greater height growth than Nuttall oak, while Nuttall oak exhibited greater groundline diameter growth than cherrybark across all planting stocks.