The diploma thesis refers to the results of laboratory research dedicated to the influence of extraterestrial matter impacts onto a possible prebiotic synthesis on early Mars. The influence of understanding of early Mars chemistry for proceeding studies of terrestrian chemical habitus evolution and origin of life is discussed, as well as certain advantages to be made of this research within exoplanetary science. The prebiotic synthesis scenario purposed connects the hypothesis comprising a key role of extraplanetary bodies impacts played in the chemical evolution of an early Earth-like planet to the important processes studied within chemical evolution of life. Asteroid impacts are simulated by laser sparks, while post-impact thermochemical processes are mimetized in the laboratory by a controlled termolysis of certain key species in presence of meteorites, iron-rich clays and several other minerals and rocks presumably present in real impact craters. This particular field of research carried is likely to have an interesting application within current and future investigations of the Gale crater. Impactor mineraly is described on a particular example of a rare Porangaba meteorite, which, thanks to this research, has recently been addressed as a member of unique (comprising 32 bodies) family tree...