Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:08:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3042861 bytes, checksum: c35801efccaed5f3893e29c5338bdbb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Restinga is an ecosystem associated to Mata Atlântica, in which the species closest to the sea are adapted to adverse climatic and edaphic conditions. Among recent studies, the leaf is the most utilized organ for the understanding of morphoanatomical relationships between individuals and the environment, while works focusing stem and root are yet incipient. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the morpho-anatomy of adventitious roots and stems of Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mears (Amaranthaceae), Canavalia rosea (Sw.) Dc. (Fabaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Stweet (Convolvulaceae), Remirea maritima Aubl. (Cyperaceae) e Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl. (Goodeniaceae) occurring in a Halophile-Psammophila Reptant formation of the Paulo César Vinha State Park, relating to environment parameters; to describe the secretory structures and to identify the classes of secondary metabolites present in the secretion of leaves of Ipomoea pes-caprae and Ipomoea imperati. Soil was sampled and micro environmental measurements were performed. For anatomical evaluations, roots, stems and leaves of different regions were collected and processed following usual techniques in plant anatomy. The soil had few nutrients and organic matter. The micro environmental data showed that herbaceous plants are susceptible to wind speed conditions, relative humidity and evaporation similar to that of sub shrubby species. Morpho-anatomically, the species presented distinct adaptive strategies,specially stolons or rhizomes, aquiferous tissue, aerenchyma in the roots and starch reserve in both stem and root. In Ipomoea pes-caprae and Ipomoea imperati,mucilaginous trichomes and laticifers were described on leaf lamina, and in I. pescaprae, nectaries on petiole. The morpho-anatomical structures found in stems, roots and leaves of the studied species were outstanding features which allowed the survival and competitiveness of these species in the Non-flooded Herbaceous Formation, once they provide adaptive capacity to high temperature, strong wind, high salinity, lack of nutrients, among others. / Restinga é um ecossistema associado à Mata Atlântica, com as espécies próximas ao mar adaptadas a condições climáticas e edáficas adversas. Dentre os estudos atuais, a folha é o órgão mais utilizado para o entendimento das relações morfoanatômicas dos indivíduos com o ambiente, sendo incipientes os trabalhos sobre caules e raízes. Desta forma, o objetivo foi caracterizar a morfoanatomia de raízes adventícias e caules de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mears (Amaranthaceae), Canavalia rosea (Sw.) Dc. (Fabaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Stweet (Convolvulaceae), Remirea maritima Aubl. (Cyperaceae) e Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl. (Goodeniaceae) ocorrentes na formação Halófila-Psamófila Reptante do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, relacionando com parâmetros ambientais; descrever as estruturas secretoras e identificar as classes de metabólitos secundários presentes no secretado das folhas de Ipomoea pes-caprae e Ipomoea imperati. Foram realizadas coletas de solo e medições microambientais. Para avaliações anatômicas, raízes, caules e folhas de diferentes regiões foram coletados, e processados segundo técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal. O solo apresentou-se pobre em nutrientes e em matéria orgânica. Os dados microambientais demonstraram que as plantas herbáceas estão sujeitas a velocidade do vento, umidade relativa do ar e evaporação similares às da espécie subarbustiva. Em relação à morfoanatomia, as espécies apresentaram estratégias adaptativas distintas, com destaque para presença de estolões ou rizomas, tecido aquífero e aerênquima nas raízes e reserva de amido tanto no caule quanto na raiz. Em Ipomoea pes-caprae e Ipomoea imperati, foram descritas, na lâmina foliar, tricomas mucilaginosos e laticíferos; e em I. pes-caprae, nectários no pecíolo. As estruturas morfoanatômicas encontradas nos caules, raízes e folhas das espécies estudadas foram características marcantes que possibilitaram a sobrevivência e competitividade dessas espécies na formação Halófila-psamófila Reptante, uma vez que fornecem capacidade adaptativa à alta temperatura, vento forte, alta salinidade, falta de nutrientes, dentre outros.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-17T13:58:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Maria Cavalcati de Azevedo Souza.pdf: 1419418 bytes, checksum: 5a4162f4745891068477edbb753e7d65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T13:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Maria Cavalcati de Azevedo Souza.pdf: 1419418 bytes, checksum: 5a4162f4745891068477edbb753e7d65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-17 / The white grunt, Haemulon plumieri, is a tropical marine fish of relative economic importance, targeted by the artisanal fleet in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). Although it has been widely caught, very little has been published on the fishery and biology of the species, especially regarding its reproduction. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to study the fishering operations, reproductive biology and feeding habits of the white grunt along the central coast of the state of Pernambuco. We hope that the information obtained might help to assure a sustainable exploitation of this important fishery resource. For the study of the white grunt fishery, data were obtained from the ESTATPESCA databank developed by the Brazilian environmental agency IBAMA, in August of 2007 and through direct interviews with fishermen from the Z1, Z2 and Z4 colonies, locates in the cities of Recife, Paulista and Olinda, respectively. For the study on reproductive biology, a total of 300 specimens caught between May 2003 and September 2005 were measured, among which 111 males and 180 females were macroscopically identified. In the laboratory, the gonads and stomach of each specimen were collected and fixed in a 10% formaldehyde solution. 261 stomachs were examined for the analysis of feeding habits, the contents of which were identified to the lowest possible taxon level. Among a fishery production of 16870.0 t for the state, in 2005, the white grunt was the eighth most caught fish, with a landed production corresponding to 164.5 t. The artisanal fishing communities have relatively similar socioeconomic characteristics, employing the same fishing methods, namely, fish pots, gillnets, seines and hand lines, with the principal fishing product being the mutton snapper. Fork length (FL) of the white grunt specimens sampled ranged from 14.0 to 29.5 cm, with a female to male sex ratio of 1.7:1.0. Mean monthly distribution of the Gonadossomatic Index (GSI) of adult specimens ranged from 0.28 and 1.63 for males and from 1.47 to 4.68 for females. Size at first sexual maturity (L50) was estimated at 20 cm FL for females and 26 cm FL for males. Among the 261 stomachs analyzed, 25 were everted (9.6%), 218 were empty (83.5%) and just 18 had contents (6.9%). Based on the Index of Relative Importance(IRI), the feeding habits of the species was mainly directed at small fish and mollusks. The results presented here are expected to contribute toward the sustainability of this important fishery resource in the state. / A biquara, Haemulon plumieri, é um peixe tropical marinho que possui relativa importância econômica, sendo bastante pescada pelas embarcações da frota artesanal do Estado de Pernambuco. Embora seja amplamente capturada, muito pouco tem sido publicado sobre a pesca e a biologia da espécie, particularmente sobre a sua reprodução. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a pesca, a biologia reprodutiva e alimentar da biquara na costa central do Estado de Pernambuco, com vistas a gerar subsídios necessários a uma explotação sustentável desse importante recurso pesqueiro. Para o estudo da pesca, os dados analisados foram obtidos em agosto de 2007,através do banco de dados estatísticos, ESTATPESCA, desenvolvido pelo IBAMA, e por meio de entrevistas diretas realizadas com pescadores das colônias Z1, Z2 e Z4, pertencentes aos municípios de Recife, Paulista e Olinda, respectivamente. Para o estudo da biologia reprodutiva, foram mensurados um total de 300 exemplares, capturados entre maio de 2003 e setembro de 2005, dos quais se identificaram macroscopicamente 111 machos e 189 fêmeas. Em laboratório, cada espécime teve a gônada e o estômago coletados e fixados em solução de formol a 10%. Para análise do hábito alimentar foram examinados 261 estômagos cujos conteúdos foram identificados até o menor táxon possível. Para uma produção pesqueira no Estado, no ano de 2005, igual a 16.870,0 t, a biquara foi a oitava espécie mais capturada, com uma produção desembarcada correspondendo a 164,5 t. As comunidades de pesca artesanal apresentaram características sócioeconômicas relativamente semelhantes, empregando as mesmas técnicas de pesca, a saber:covo, rede de emalhe, rede de arrasto e linha de mão, tendo como principal produto pescado a cioba. O comprimento zoológico (CZ) dos exemplares amostrados variou de 14,0 a 29,5 cm, com uma proporção sexual de 1,7 fêmeas: 1,0 macho. Adistribuição da média mensal do IGS (Índice Gonadossomático) dos indivíduos adultos apresentou valores variando entre 0,28 e 1,63 para os machos, e entre 1,47 e 4,68, para as fêmeas. O tamanho da primeira maturação sexual (L50) para as fêmeas foi estimado em 20 cm CZ, enquanto que para os machos esse valor foi de 26 cm. Dos 261 estômagos analisados, 25 estavam evertidos (9,6%), 218 vazios (83,5%) e apenas 18 apresentaram conteúdo (6,9%). De acordo com o Índice de Importância Relativa (IIR), o hábito alimentar da espécie foi principalmente constituído por pequenos peixes e moluscos. A expectativa é de que os resultados aqui aportados contribuam para a sustentabilidade da pesca deste importante recurso pesqueiro, no Estado.

Phenomenological models are presented which predicts transpiration rates (E) of individual leaves of Scaevola plumieri, an indigenous dune pioneer, and Ammophila arenaria, an exotic grass species introduced to stabilise mobile sand. In both cases E is predictably related to atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD). VPD is calculated from measurements of ambient temperature and humidity, hence, where these two environmental variables are known, E can be calculated. Possible physiological reasons for the relationships of E to VPD in both species are discussed. Scaling from measurements of E at the leaf level to the canopy level is achieved by summing the leaf area of the canopy in question. E is predicted for the entire canopy leaf area by extrapolation to this larger leaf area. Predicted transpiration rates of individual shoot within the canopy were tested gravimetrically and shown to be accurate in the case of S. plumieri, but less so in the case of A. arenaria. Using this model, the amount of water used by a known area of sand dune is shown to be less than the rainfall input in the case of S. plumieri in wet and dry years. The water use of A. arenaria exceeds rainfall in the low-rainfall year of 1995, while in 1998 rainfall input is slightly higher than water extraction by the plants. Using a geographic information system (GIS), regional maps (surfaces) of transpiration were calculated from surfaces of mean monthly temperature and mean monthly relative humidity. Monthly surfaces of transpiration were subtracted from the monthly median rainfall to produce a surface of mean monthly water deficit. Areas of water surpluses along the coast correspond with the recorded distribution of both species in the seasons that the plants are most actively growing and reproducing. This suggests that unfavourable water availability during these two species growth periods limit their distributions along the coast. In addition to unfavourable water deficits, additional climatic variables that may be important in limiting the distribution of these two species were investigated using a discriminant function analysis.

Models that are used for predicting species' potential distributions are important tools that have found applications in a number of areas of applied ecology. The majority of these models can be classified as correlative, as they rely on strong, often indirect, links between species distribution records and environmental predictor variables to make predictions. Correlative models are an alternative to more complex mechanistic models that attempt to simulate the mechanisms considered to underlie the observed correlations with environmental attributes. This study explores the influence of the type and quality of the data used to calibrate correlative models. In terms of data type, the most popular techniques in use are group discrimination techniques, those that use both presence and absence locality data to make predictions. However, for many organisms absence data are either not available or are considered to be unreliable. As the available range of profile techniques (those using presence only data) appeared to be limited, new profile techniques were investigated and evaluated. A new profile modelling technique based on fuzzy classification (the Fuzzy Envelope Model) was developed and implemented. A second profile technique based on Principal Components Analysis was implemented and evaluated. Based on quantitative model evaluation tests, both of these techniques performed well and show considerable promise. In terms of data quality, the effects on model performance of false absence records, the number of locality records (sample size) and the proportion of localities representing species presence (prevalence) in samples were investigated for logistic regression distribution models. Sample size and prevalence both had a significant effect on model performance. False absence records had a significant influence on model performance, which was affected by sample size. A quantitative comparison of the performance of selected profile models and group discrimination modelling techniques suggests that different techniques may be more successful for predicting distributions for particular species or types of organism than others. The results also suggest that several different model design! sample size combinations are capable of making predictions that will on average not differ significantly in performance for a particular species. A further quantitative comparison among modelling techniques suggests that correlative techniques can perform as well as simple mechanistic techniques for predicting potential distributions.

This study aimed to determine centesimal composition, cholesterol content, fatty acid profile, and caloric content of some commonly commercialized fish species from two environments in Alagoas State, Brazil. Samples of 80 fish fillets of four species. carapeba-listrada (Eugerres plumieri Cuvier, 1830) and mackerel (Scomberomorus cavala Cuvier, 1829) from Alagoas coast; and mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) and camurim (Centropomus undecimalis Bloch, 1792) from the Mundaú Lagoon Estuary Complex, a marine-estuarine environment, were analyzed. The samples analyzed presented high moisture for camurim and carapeba-listrada. The mackerel and mullet presented the largest protein percent content. The total lipid contents of all samples were similar. As to ash content, the mackerel and camurim presented the largest values. The largest caloric contents were found for mackerel and mullet. In relation to cholesterol contents the mullet and camurim had the eminence. Fatty acid contents, saturated (palmitic acid, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and stearic acid), monounsaturated (heptadecenoic acid, oleic acid, and 9-hexadecenoic acid), and polyunsaturated (linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosaexaenoic acid) were analyzed. Marine mackerel and estuarine mullet are the most indicated fish in nutritional terms due to their content lipid-protein and eicosapentaenoic and docosaexaenoic acid contents. This information will be valuable for later inclusion in the Regional/National Food Composition Table. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a composição centesimal, o teor de colesterol, o perfil de ácidos graxos e o valor calórico de quatro espécies de peixes em dois habitats (água salgada e estuário) do Estado de Alagoas. Foram analisadas 80 amostras de filés de peixes. As espécies estudadas são as mais comercializadas: carapeba-listrada (Eugerres plumieri Cuvier, 1830) e cavala (Scomberomorus cavalla Cuvier, 1829) da Costa Marítima Alagoana; tainha (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) e camurim (Centropomus undecimalis Bloch, 1792) do Complexo Estuarino Lagunar-Lagoa Mundaú-AL. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram elevados teores de umidade no camurim e na carapeba-listrada em base úmida. A cavala e a tainha apresentaram os maiores percentuais de proteína em base úmida. Os teores de lipídeos totais foram iguais em ambas às espécies estudadas. Quanto às cinzas, os maiores valores foram detectados na cavala e no camurim em base úmida. Os maiores valores calóricos foram encontrados na cavala e na tainha. Com relação ao colesterol a tainha e a cavala foram às espécies que demonstraram maiores teores. Em ambas às espécies estudadas destacaram-se os ácidos graxos: palmítico, pentadecanóico, margárico, mirístico, láurico, esteárico, heptadecenóico, oléico, palmitoléico, linoléico, α-linolênico, araquidônico, eicosapentaenóico, docosapentaenóico e o docosaexaenóico. Considerou-se a cavala no habitat marinho e a tainha no habitat estuarino como as espécies saudáveis do ponto de vista nutricional, devido aos teores lipídicoprotéico e de eicosapentaenóico e docosaexaenóico. Estas informações podem servir de subsídio para posterior inclusão destes dados em Tabela de Composição de Alimentos Regionais/Nacionais.