This thesis is concerned with the usability of Raspberry Pi as the access point in the mobilebroadband network environment. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to Raspberry Pi itself;hardware required to set up WLAN and WAN; and to the analysis of suitable solutions forbandwidth aggregation, particularly the load balancing of mobile broadband connections andtheir aggregation into one logical link. The second part deals with the implementation of thesesolutions and subsequently with their testing and verification. The evaluation of results gives aninteresting outcome. Load balancing has proven to be resilient and feasible solution forbandwidth aggregation in the mobile broadband network environment where the speed, packetloss and jitter are of main concern. The second scenario, where the connections are bundled intoone logical link, has turned out to give variable results. Its performance is susceptible to thechanges in the mobile broadband network as the packets across the links in the bundle alternatein the round-robin fashion.

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abstract: Stroke is a debilitating disorder and 75% of individuals with stroke (iwS) have upper extremity deficits. IwS are prescribed therapies to enhance upper-extremity mobility, but current most effective therapies have minimum requirements that the individuals with severe impairment do not meet. Thus, there is a need to enhance the therapies. Recent studies have shown that StartReact -the involuntary release of a planned movement, triggered by a startling stimulus (e.g., loud sound)- elicits faster and larger muscle activation in iwS compared to voluntary-initiated movement. However, StartReact has been only cursorily studied to date and there are some gaps in the StartReact knowledge. Previous studies have only evaluated StartReact on single-jointed movements in iwS, ignoring more functional tasks. IwS usually have abnormal flexor activity during extension tasks and abnormal muscle synergy especially during multi-jointed tasks; therefore, it is unknown 1) if more complex multi-jointed reach movements are susceptible to StartReact, and 2) if StartReact multi-jointed movements will be enhanced in the same way as single-jointed movements in iwS. In addition, previous studies showed that individuals with severe stroke, especially those with higher spasticity, experienced higher abnormal flexor muscle activation during StartReact trials. However, there is no study evaluating the impact of this elevated abnormal flexor activity on movement, muscle activation and muscle synergy alterations during voluntary-initiated movements after exposure to StartReact. This dissertation evaluates StartReact and the voluntary trials before and after exposure to StartReact during a point-to-point multi-jointed reach task to three different targets covering a large workspace. The results show that multi-jointed reach tasks are susceptible to StartReact in iwS and the distance, muscle and movement onset speed, and muscle activations percentages and amplitude increase during StartReact trials. In addition, the distance, accuracy, muscle and movement onsets speeds, and muscle synergy similarity indices to the norm synergies increase during the voluntary-initiated trials after exposure to StartReact. Overall, this dissertation shows that exposure to StartReact did not impair voluntary-initiated movement and muscle synergy, but even improved them. Therefore, this study suggests that StartReact is safe for more investigations in training studies and therapy. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mechanical Engineering 2020

M.Comm. / Business have traditionally relied on private leased lines to link remote office together so that distant workers could share information over a Wide Area Network (WAN). However, while providing a high degree of privacy, leased lines are expensive to set up and maintain. The Internet is fast becoming a requirement for supporting business operations in the global economy. The major concern in using a public network, like the Internet, for data exchange is the lack of security. The Internet was designed to be an "open" network, accessible to anyone with low or none security consideration. Virtual Private Networks (VPN) using Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) has emerged as a relatively inexpensive way to solve this problem. The primary objective of this dissertation is to evaluate validity and accuracy issues in electronic commerce using VPN as a secure medium for data communication and transport over the Internet. The inherent control features of PPTP were mapped to data communication control objectives and the control models show how these address validity, completeness and accuracy. After analysing and evaluating the inherent control features of PPTP, the overall result is that: PPTP enables a valid communication link to be established with restricted access (validity); the PPTP communication link remains private for the full time of the connection (validity); data can be sent accurately and completely over the PPTP connection and remains accurate during transmission (accuracy); and all data sent is completely received by the receiver (accuracy). By deploying a Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol for virtual private networking, management can mitigate the risk of transmitting private company and business data over the Internet. The PPTP analysis and evaluation models developed intend to give the auditor a control framework to apply in practice. If the auditor needs to perform a data communication review and finds that a virtual private network has been established using PPTP, the control models can assist in providing knowledge and audit evidence regarding validity and accuracy issues. The auditor should however, not review PPTP in isolation. Validity and accuracy control features inherent to TCP/IP and PPP should also be considered as well as controls on higher levels, e.g. built-in application controls.

El constante incremento en la demanda de servicios de banda ancha y el consecuente aumento del volumen de tráfico que se genera en nuestras redes de comunicaciones, han motivado la necesidad de implementar redes de nueva generación en nuestros territorios. El presente proyecto final de carrera tiene como objetivo explicar el diseno y la planificación de una red pasiva de fibra óptica (PON). La idea principal de este proyecto es construir un entorno ficticio que nos permitirá profundizar en detalle en las redes FTTx y decidir cuál es la opción más optima para este entorno. Para hacer esto posible, en primer lugar se va a hablar sobre el elemento principal de estas redes, la fibra óptica, para conocer con detalle sus principios de funcionamiento y sus características más importantes. La parte teórica seguirá con la definición de las redes FTTx y las configuraciones punto a punto y punto a multipunto, para pasar a hablar detenidamente sobre las redes PON y concluir cual de sus tecnologías será la más optima hoy en día. Por último, entraremos en la parte práctica en la que se elegirá un software de simulación que se ajuste a los requisitos de diseno, se realizará el diseno de la red óptica pasiva y se obtendrán los resultados de simulación que justifiquen que la red es viable y puede ser implementada en un caso real.

The purpose of this master’s thesis is to explain the issues of the FTTx network design. The main idea of this work is to describe to readers the methods of the designing the optical access networks. Especially we will speak about the building technologies and different topologies used in a practice. The different technologies of optical access networks’ building and various parameters, which are necessary to take into account in the designing of these networks, will be introduced. In the theoretical part, methods of measurement, which are like the needed part of each optical access networks’ building, will be described. Two purposes of the FTTB networks with all proprieties will be made and offered. One purpose will be solved by Point to Point topology and the second purpose will be solved by Point to Multipoint topology. Following the confrontation one of these purposes will be chosen and realized. By ITU recommendation, measurements will be performed on the built optical trace. The final protocols will be elaborated from these measurements. The built trace with all final reports will be prepared for assignment to the subscriber.

The objective of diploma thesis is describe problems connected with designed of FTTX networks and bring the reader problems of data transmission in optical acces networks the type of PON. In the introduction are mentinoned individual technologies that already operate, and there are describe advantages disadvantages of the use topology point-to-point and point-to-multipoint. In the following chapters are dealt with problems with data broadcasting in the direction from final participant. In the other part of diploma thesis are described elements, that were used for the proposed transmission route. The own PON acces network was presented on the basis information obtained by comparing the various networks and the elements involved in them. The network presented in conclusion diploma thesis is involved in topology point to multipoint. This transmission route is simulated in the program that allows the involvement of network by the user’s need with real values. The acces network is simulated for different transmission speed and different distances. The assesment of created optical route results from the measured values, theirs source is program OptiSystem, these values are summarized in the final chapter.

An array of grating couplers is studied to be used for beam steering in a wireless optical communication system. This structure is designed using a rib waveguide with a silicon thickness of 220nm and an etch depth of 70nm using 2μm silica substrate. TE polarized input light with wavelength of 1550nm is coupled into the feed waveguide. The structure is optimized based on the angular coverage, directed power, and beam efficiency of the radiated main beam of an individual grating coupler. The main beam radiated by optimized grating coupler has a beamwidth of 10.3°×30.7°. The designed 1-D array of the fifteen grating couplers provides tunability in the range of around 30 degrees which is required for a point to pint wireless optical communication transmitter.

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No description available.