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The role of RMS2 in regulation of apical dominance was studied with the use of rms2 mutants and wild type cv. Torsdag. Phenotypic changes and changes in polar auxin transport (by imunnolocalization of PIN1) in rms2 mutants and after auxin application were observed. The phenotypic changes of rms2 mutants against cv. Torsdag are enhanced branching from the first two nodes but much less than branching of strigolactone deficient mutants. Auxin application both on intact and decapitated rms2 mutants led to enhancement of growth of the buds adjacent to the place of application in contrary to wild type in that the application inhibits the growth of adjacent buds. Auxin application to the cut surface of decapitated stem or from the side of the stem led in the primary application always to canalization. Secondary application 24 hours later led to canalization only in rms2. Originally proposed feedback regulation of RMS1 expression by RMS2 was changed to RMS2 as being a negative regulator of polar auxin transport.

The diploma thesis was aimed to monitor the expression profiles of selected genes in the growing of cotyledonary buds in pea (Pisum sativum L.). The apical stem was decapitated and 0.5% auxin paste was applied to the stump. From the treated plants cotyledonary buds were collected in intervals 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours. The biological material was analyzed for expression of genes PsDRM1, PsBRC1, PsAUX1, PsPIN1, PsYUC1. A gene expression normalization factor was calculated based on constitutive genes PsEF1-alpha, PsActin and Ps beta-tubulin. Application of auxin to the stem stump prevented the growth of cotyledonary buds. This inhibition of cotyledonary buds was accompanied by increased expression of dormancy markers PsDRM1, PsBRC1 and auxin biosynthesis gene PsYUC1 and decreased expression of the auxin transporter genes PsPIN1 and PsAUX1.

The diploma thesis was aimed to explain the role of cytokinins in regulation of cotyledonary bud outgrowth in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Decapitation of the apex and subsequent application of IAA lanolin paste containing also BAP caused increased expression of genes PsDRM1 and PsBRC1 associated with dormancy. It suggests that cytokinins may have effect on the amount of transported auxin in the major stem. Application of cytokinin to the cotyledonary buds of intact plants activated their outgrowth. Imunolocalization showed polarization of PIN1 proteins in the treated buds, on contrary to untreated buds. It means that cytokinin directly influenced polarization of PIN1 proteins and the subsequent canalization of the polar auxin transport.

The diploma thesis was aimed on role of polar auxin transport in regulation of cotyledonary bud outgrowth in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) in relation to competitive canalization of auxin sources. Decapitation of growth apex, as primary source of auxin, causes release of cotyledonary buds from inhibition. This was followed by increased expression of genes for auxin transport proteins PsPIN1 and PsAUX1 and decrease in PsDRM1 and PsBR1 gene expression that are related to dormant state of plant tissues. In the next phase, different types of exogenous auxin application on decapitated stumps and cotyledonary bud growth dynamic were carried out. Auxin application on decapiteded stump caused inhibition of cotyledonary bud growth, its application on right or left side of the stump inhibits cotyledonary bud on the side of application. If auxin on the both sides of stump was applied, cotyledonary bud growth was not inhibited, on contrary to their separation with a plastic sheet, which resulted in significant growth inhibition of both buds. In case of both-sided application, these sources of auxin prevents each other in canalization. If these two sources of auxin were separated with a plastic sheet, canalization of auxin flow was observed and two independent auxin channels were formed. Analogy of this competition can be expected in the case of cotyledonary buds, as two potential auxin sources.

In this thesis occurrence of emerging pollutants in different compartments of aquatic environment was studied. Different environmental matrices were covered: wastewater, surface water and fish tissues with the focus on pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and perfluorinated compounds. Although numerous pharmaceuticals have been already detected in aquatic environment all over the world, still there is need for new reliable methods for their detection and quantification. The output of the study is three multi-residue methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in water and fish samples. Their main advantage is that wide range of compounds from different classes is covered, which enables obtaining maximum information with minimum analytical effort. All the methods were validated including such key parameters as limits of quantification, selectivity, recovery and repeatability, and showed excellent performance allowing determination of target compounds at trace levels. Consequently, the methods were applied for the monitoring of POCs in different environmental samples. Wide occurrence of pharmaceuticals in Swedish WWTP effluents was shown. Rather high concentrations for the representatives of anti-hypertension drugs, some antibiotics and anti-depressants were detected. This fact stresses the importance of WWTP´ effluent monitoring as it is the main source of PPCPs in the aquatic environment. Passive sampling approach was tested for the monitoring of POCs in wastewater. Both standard configurations of POCIS were calibrated under the field conditions for a broad range of contaminants. Sampling rate values were calculated for the case of wastewater effluent. This is a significant contribution to the potential widespread application of POCIS for environmental monitoring programs. Analysis of biota samples is an essential part in the assessment of pollutants? fate in aquatic environment. Therefore, the screening of antibiotics in fish available at the Czech market was carried out. Thirty-two antibiotics from different classes were analyzed. The fish and shrimp samples were bought from the three biggest supermarkets in České Budějovice, which belong to a network of shops covering the whole Czech Republic. In total 97 samples were obtained. Found concentrations did not exceed MRL values established in the European Union. No antibiotics were detected in the fish of Czech origin. Still, presence of antibiotic residues in edible fish tissues could be a matter of concern and the sign of improper use of antibiotics in aquaculture industry, what consequently can cause adverse effects for the environment and human health.