The uncertainty factors of management environmental variation, often can affect the enterprise operation. Thus, correct direction and effective management is a prerequisite for the enterprise to pursue perpetual victory. However, the effective management must draw support from the effective method. In the early time¡§the policy management¡¨ most applies in the TQM (Total Quality Management) ¡AUntil now ¡ATQM has been unified mutually with the enterprise strategy plan and becomes management method of the strategy execution which unified the company mission, the management idea, the company value, the cultural prospect, the policy goal, the strategy plan, the execution plan, as well as company resources overall management . Practically there are many Japanese enterprises penetrate the implementation of the policy management. Appropriately eagerly anticipates the superintendent's work from various social strata, and to faces forward the overall goal of enterprise. But the application and the appliance were still few in domestic; even having also belongs to the application of the quality control domain category. Hence it needs more study on whether the domestic enterprise penetrates the policy management to bring the synthesis effect for its organization and enables to achieve the goal of organization smoothly. Moreover, because enterprise's management strategy must rely on its resources and to impel continually, this makes the strategy into action and strategy execution result will displays in the management achievement. When the enterprise would like to rely on the policy management impetus to change the strategy into the concrete action, the strength and the weakness of appliance would affect the impetus achievement. Many enterprises neglect the relations among to carry out the appliance and the policy and the management achievements, which make the operation of business performance unable to obtain the anticipated effect. This research is to discussing the relations among policy management, implement ability, and the management achievements. This research is to review the relations among policy management, implement ability, and the management achievement and use Mektec Co as a research object as well as the interview with three top managers and the special survey from 150 employees by quantification analysis to discuss the relations among policy management, Execution and production achievement. Finally by the real diagnosis research analysis, proposes the conclusion and the suggestion. This research comprehensive as follows conclusion: 1. The enterprise picks policy management can provide the leadership implement strategy attempt of ¡§the strategy, the policy, and the goal management method integration¡¨. 2. To confirm the interaction connection among ¡§the policy management, Execution, the organization achievements¡¨. 3. The four factors of Execution display intermediary function in the policy management 4. The enterprise wants to pursue the strategy goal achievements. After practical analysis, the control system pattern of ¡§the strategy as the shape, the policy as the action¡¨ can be used.

No description available.

This thesis explores attempts by state officials to enable workers and the principal trade union, the Confédération Générate du Travail, to participate at the workplace and in the French state from 1944 to 1948. At a time of increased state intervention and new social welfare policies, workers gained new responsibilities in the comités d'entreprises, or works councils. The regional government, the commissaires, helped to initiate worker control experiments, notably at the Berliet truck plant in Lyon. By the end of 1948, however, the strength of the French labour movement had not significantly increased, either at the workplace or in the state. In their demand for greater participation, workers faced resistance from state officials, employers and even unions. State actors, such as labour inspectors, prefects, and commissaires, actively sought social peace and greater productivity in 1944-1946. At the level of the shopfloor, the new comités d'entreprises gave workers, for the first time, an official voice in the firm. However, they had no say over production decisions. Nor did worker participation extend to unskilled workers, immigrants, or women. Worker participation did not go further at the time for three reasons. Employers intensified rationalisation measures at the workplace and refused to accept new powers given to the works councils. The CGT was insufficiently committed to workplace participation. Finally, the power of the centralised state was entrenched in the domain of economic planning but did not influence the workplace sufficiently to support participation, particularly in 1946-1948. The postwar settlement that led to increased growth in the 1950s was structured around the private sector and the planning capabilities of the state, at the expense of any involvement by labour. The exclusion of workers from planning decisions and the failure of worker control attempts led not only to the strikes of 1947-1948, but to a profound degree of powerlessness that was to mark the labour movement for the next generation.

Samhällsekonomiska konsekvensanalyser är ett område där människor har delade åsikter kring. Är det en effektiv eller ineffektiv metod att använda? Hur används den inom svensk politik och ställs det högre krav på dessa analyser inom miljöpolitik över andra politikområden? Vilket scenario gynnar miljö- och klimatarbetet? I undersökningen har fyra metoder använts, bland annat genomfördes en dokumentanalys där kommittédirektiv från regeringen granskades, det kartlades om det gick att se några systematiska skillnader mellan de olika departementen; Social, Miljö, Finans, Infrastruktur och Kultur. I kommittédirektiven noterades olika nyckelord som räknades för att sedan divideras med antalet undersökta direktiv. Resultatet presenteras i tabellform där slutsatsen blev att det inte går att se att det inom miljöpolitiken jämfört med andra områden skulle ställas vare sig högre eller lägre krav i kommittédirektiven på att utföra samhällsekonomiska konsekvensanalyser. Vidare utfördes sex intervjuer med personer som anses vara av relevans för ämnet. Till exempel personer som arbetar med dessa saker i sitt yrke, politiker eller personer som varit aktiva i relevanta intresseorganisationer. En enkätstudie genomfördes där målet var att få svar från så många personer som möjligt inom departementen som har varit delaktiga med arbetet kring kommittédirektiv. Totalt svarade 10 personer från Socialdepartementet, Kulturdepartementet, Infrastrukturdepartementet, Miljödepartementet och Finansdepartementet. Syftet med enkätstudien var att ta reda på grundläggande ställningstaganden hos departementen. Resultaten från enkätstudien visar att det är stora delade uppfattningar om de flesta saker, enkätundersökningen är dessutom för liten för att dra några statistiskt säkerställda ställningstaganden kopplade till varje departement. En litteraturstudie har också genomförts i form av en kritisk litteraturstudie där vi har analyserat rapporter och andra litterära verk som kan hävdas ha relevans för vårt arbete. Litteraturen har valts ut bland annat genom samråd med projektets handledare men också genom egen undersökning. Från alla undersökningar har speciellt vissa budskap varit en genomgående faktor. Dels att det finns naturliga förklaringar till varför det kan skilja sig i kraven i kommittédirektiven mellan olika departement. Den generella uppfattningen var även att samhällsekonomiska konsekvensanalyser är ett bra verktyg som hjälper till att leda fram till bättre beslut. Problem som nämndes bland flera var att terminologin är för svag och otydlig i Sverige, samma begrepp kan betyda olika saker mellan olika aktörer, kompetensen anses även vara för låg inom kommittéerna. / Regulatory impact analysis is a subject that divides people. Is it an effective or ineffective method to utilise? How is it used in Swedish politics and are higher demands placed on such analysis in environmental policy compared to other policy areas? Which scenario benefits the environment and climate work? There are many unanswered questions and this report aims to answer some of them. The methods that were used are mainly four, a document analysis where committee directives were examined from the swedish government and where we tried to map whether we can see any systematic differences between the various ministries of social, environment, finance, infrastructure and culture. A survey study was made with the aim of finding out basic positions on the subject. The survey was sent to all the ministries previously mentioned. The third method is interviews, the interviewees can all be considered relevant to the subject in one way or another. For example, people who work with this as their profession, politicians or people who have been active in relevant interest groups. A literature study has also been made in the form of a critical literature review where we have analyzed reports and other literary works that can be argued to have relevance to the work. The literature has been selected, among other things, through consultation with our supervisor, but also through our own research. The conclusion is that there is a relatively homogeneous picture of how regulatory impact analysis should be viewed. The general opinion is that it is a good tool that helps to produce decision material. The general criticism is that the terminology is too weak and that there is generally a lack of competence among the committees.

abstract: Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network paradigm that decouples the control plane from the data plane, which allows network administrators to consolidate common network services into a centralized module named SDN controller. Applications’ policies are transformed into standardized network rules in the data plane via SDN controller. Even though this centralization brings a great flexibility and programmability to the network, network rules generated by SDN applications cannot be trusted because there may exist malicious SDN applications, and insecure network flows can be made due to complex relations across network rules. In this dissertation, I investigate how to identify and resolve these security violations in SDN caused by the combination of network rules and applications’ policies. To this end, I propose a systematic policy management framework that better protects SDN itself and hardens existing network defense mechanisms using SDN. More specifically, I discuss the following four security challenges in this dissertation: (1) In SDN, generating reliable network rules is challenging because SDN applications cannot be trusted and have complicated dependencies each other. To address this problem, I analyze applications’ policies and remove those dependencies by applying grid-based policy decomposition mechanism; (2) One network rule could accidentally affect others (or by malicious users), which lead to creating of indirect security violations. I build systematic and automated tools that analyze network rules in the data plane to detect a wide range of security violations and resolve them in an automated fashion; (3) A fundamental limitation of current SDN protocol (OpenFlow) is a lack of statefulness, which is extremely important to several security applications such as stateful firewall. To bring statelessness to SDN-based environment, I come up with an innovative stateful monitoring scheme by extending existing OpenFlow specifications; (4) Existing honeynet architecture is suffering from its limited functionalities of ’data control’ and ’data capture’. To address this challenge, I design and implement an innovative next generation SDN-based honeynet architecture. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Computer Science 2016

The Ambient Network (AN) Project is part of the European Commission’s 6th Framework Programme and aims to enable cooperation between heterogeneous networks, using current and future wireless technologies, minimising the effort of mobile users to gain access to the services that they are interested in - irrespective of their location or the network they are currently using. Because of the highly mobile nature of users and a demand for instant and dynamic access to services, these networks have to be composed ‘on the fly’ without any pre-configurations. The use of context information in AN can remove the need for pre-configuration of networks, hence making them autonomic. However, a concern exists that the free and uncontrolled dissemination of context information could breech the privacy of the participants. It is extremely important to address these privacy issues in order to control who has access to what context information. This control can be achieved through the use of well defined policies. This creates a requirement for a framework in the ContextWare architecture for protecting context information. This masters thesis project is part of an effort to create a policy based infrastructure for authorisation of access to network context information within the AN. The thesis investigates, models, and designs an architecture for a policy management system based on OASIS XACML, that creates an extension to the architecture for management of context information in the AN. In addition to a policy management architecture within an AN, a policy management architecture for composing ANs is also created. To facilitate the transfer of requests and policies, the thesis creates a Policy Management Protocol. The designed architecture was then implemented to create a proof of concept. The designed architecture and protocol were evaluated by running tests on the prototype. The measurements from the tests are analysed and presented in this thesis. The analysis of the experimental data indicates that a policy management system is both feasible and practical. The results show that the delay overhead caused by introducing policy management in a distributed context provisioning system, ranges from 1.7% in a system without load to 6% in a worst case scenario. The throughput of the policy management system is 15 requests per second under load. / Ambient Network är ett EU-finansierat project inom det 6:e ramprogrammet.Projektets mål är att möjliggöra samarbete mellan heterogena nätverk, som använderbåde dagens men även framtidens trådlösa teknologier, för att minimeraslutanvändarens insats för att nå den tjänst de är intresserade av – oberoende av platseller vilket nätverk de använder. På grund av den stora delen av mobila användaresom kräver omedelbar och dynamisk tillgång till tjänster måste dessa nätverk gåsamman ’on the fly’ utan tidigare konfigurering.Användningen av context information i Ambient Networks kan elmininera behovet avförkonfigurering av nätverk, följaktligen blir de då autonoma. Dock, ett problem somuppkommer med detta är att den fria och okontrollerade spridningen av contextinformation bryter integriteten för deltagarna. Det är väldigt viktigt att ta itu med dettaproblem för att kunna kontrollera vilka som har tillgång till vilken contextinformation. Den här kontrollen kan uppnås genom väldefinierade policies. Dettaskapar ett behov av ett ramverk inom ContextWare arkitekturen för att skydda dentillgängliga context informationen. Den här uppsatsen är en del i ansträngningen att skapa en policy baserad infrastrukturför attestering av tillgång till context information inom Ambient Networks. Uppsatsenundersöker och designar en arkitektur för ett policy handhavande system som ärbaserat på OASIS XACML, den bygger vidare på arkitekturen för handhavande avcontext information i Ambient Networks. Utöver policy hantering inom ett ambientnetwork skapas också policy hantering mellan ambient networks när de förenas. Denframtagna arkitekturen är därefter implementerad för att visa på konceptets hållbarhet. En sammanslagning av två policy handhavande system när två nätverk slås ihop ärbehandlat endast i teorin, det är inte implementerat. Designen utvärderas genom att köra test på den implementerade versionen ochdärefter analysera och visa resultaten i rapporten. Dessa test innehåller mätningar avfördröjningen av en enda begäran samt flera, responstiden i ett system med policyhanteringjämfört med utan samt prestandan i ett policy-hanteringssystem med en litenmängd policies jämfört med en större mängd policies.

<p>This study seeks to understand and examine the role of public policy units with a specific focus on the South African National Parliament Policy Management Unit (PMU). The problem being investigated is that of a lack of constructive support and debate in understanding the role and functions of policy management units. Thus, the scope of the study is limited to policy management units with the South African Parliament PMU as a special reference. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the role of policy management units, with particular reference to the PMU in the South African Parliament. The secondary objectives will then be to provide a theoretical perspective of the role and functions of policy management units / and to develop a case of the PMU in Parliament for further analysis and examination. Examples of existing policy units and the support they have with parliaments will be produced, assessed, and explored.</p>

<p>This study seeks to understand and examine the role of public policy units with a specific focus on the South African National Parliament Policy Management Unit (PMU). The problem being investigated is that of a lack of constructive support and debate in understanding the role and functions of policy management units. Thus, the scope of the study is limited to policy management units with the South African Parliament PMU as a special reference. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the role of policy management units, with particular reference to the PMU in the South African Parliament. The secondary objectives will then be to provide a theoretical perspective of the role and functions of policy management units / and to develop a case of the PMU in Parliament for further analysis and examination. Examples of existing policy units and the support they have with parliaments will be produced, assessed, and explored.</p>

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / This study seeks to understand and examine the role of public policy units with a specific focus on the South African National Parliament Policy Management Unit (PMU). The problem being investigated is that of a lack of constructive support and debate in understanding the role and functions of policy management units. Thus, the scope of the study is limited to policy management units with the South African Parliament PMU as a special reference. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the role of policy management units, with particular reference to the PMU in the South African Parliament. The secondary objectives will then be to provide a theoretical perspective of the role and functions of policy management units; and to develop a case of the PMU in Parliament for further analysis and examination. Examples of existing policy units and the support they have with parliaments will be produced, assessed, and explored. / South Africa

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar constitui uma das mais antigas políticas de alimentação e nutrição em vigência no Brasil. O programa de caráter inovador, criado em nível local no município de São Paulo na década de 1930, ensejou a instituição do programa nacional em um processo evolutivo permeado por inúmeros avanços e retrocessos em termos de gestão pública. Atualmente, face ao fenômeno da transição nutricional no Brasil, vislumbra-se significativo potencial de contribuição às políticas públicas de alimentação e nutrição direcionadas ao escolar no Brasil. O programa de alimentação escolar do município de São Paulo assume importância ímpar pelos seus aspectos culturais, históricos e sociais; no entanto, verifica-se ausência de literatura acadêmica sobre avaliação do programa, em qualquer nível de governo, em qualquer período, desde sua criação até atualmente. O presente estudo analisou características nutricionais dos cardápios oferecidos no programa de alimentação escolar às crianças em escolas públicas de ensino fundamental do município de São Paulo pelo cálculo do Índice de Qualidade da Refeição (IQR), sob dois diferentes modelos de gestão da política pública (gestão direta e gestão terceirizada) em três períodos recentes (2005, 2008 e 2012). Foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre cardápios oferecidos em ambos os modelos de gestão, assim como redução da qualidade nutricional dos cardápios ao longo do período analisado no caso do modelo de autogestão. É necessário incentivar a revisão periódica de ações de políticas públicas em alimentação e nutrição para promover sua evolução, via monitoramento contínuo dos resultados obtidos. No entanto, isso torna imprescindível analisar indicadores que apoiem um processo de retroalimentação do ciclo de políticas públicas, de forma a viabilizar propostas de contínuo aperfeiçoamento das ações de governo. / The National School Feeding Program is one of the oldest food and nutrition policies still ongoing in Brazil. The innovative nature of the program, created at the local level in the city of São Paulo in the 1930s, led to the establishment of the national program in an evolutionary process permeated by numerous advances and setbacks in terms of public policy management. Currently, due to the phenomenon of nutritional transition in Brazil, it represents significant potential to contribute to public policies on food and nutrition directed towards schoolchildren in Brazil. The school feeding program in São Paulo assumes unique importance due to its cultural, historical and social aspects; however, there is no academic literature on the program evaluation at any level of government since its inception until nowadays. The present research analyzed nutritional characteristics of the menus offered by the municipal school feeding program to children enrolled at basic education level in public schools at the city of São Paulo using the Meal Quality Index (MQI), under two different management models of public policy (direct management and outsourced management) in three recent periods (2005, 2008 and 2012). There were significant differences between menus proposed at the two management models of the program, and, moreover, there was a reduction in the nutritional quality of the menus offered by the direct management model throughout the period of analysis. It is necessary to incentive periodic revision of actions in public policies on food and nutrition to promote its evolution, through continuous monitoring of the results attained. However, it becomes imperative to analyze indicators that support a feedback process in public policies cycle, in order to enable proposals for continuous improvement of government actions.