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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Speciation and chromosomal rearrangements in the Australian Morabine Grasshopper Vandiemenella viatica species group

Kawakami, Takeshi, Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, Australian Defence Force Academy, UNSW January 2008 (has links)
Recent theoretical developments have led to a renewed interest in the potential role of chromosomal rearrangements in speciation. Australian morabine grasshoppers (genus Vandiemenella, viatica species group) provide an excellent study system to test this potential role, because they show extensive chromosomal variation: 12 chromosomal races/species with parapatric distributions. The research in this thesis involves the application of molecular genetic analyses to examine patterns of gene introgression among chromosomal races of Vandiemenella at three different spatial scales: local-scale hybrid zone analysis, island-scale phylogeography, and continental-scale phylogeography. The aims of these multi-scale analyses are to investigate whether chromosomal races represent genetically distinct taxa with limited gene flow, and to infer the historical biogeography of Vandiemenella and evolutionary origins of their parapatric distributions. Karyotype and 11 nuclear markers revealed a remarkably narrow hybrid zone with substantial linkage disequilibrium and strong deficits of heterozygotes between the chromosome races P24(XY) and viatica17 on Kangaroo Island, suggesting that the zone is maintained by a balance between dispersal and selection against hybrids (tension zone). Selection that maintains the stable hybrid zone is unlikely to be operating only on loci linked to rearranged chromosomes. Island-scale and continental-scale phylogeography using multiple nuclear markers indicated that Vandiemenella chromosome races/species generally represent genetically distinct taxa with reduced gene flow between them. In contrast, analyses of a mitochondrial gene showed the presence of distinctive and geographically localised phylogroups that do not correspond with the distribution of the Vandiemenella taxa. These discordant population genetic patterns are likely to result from introgressive hybridization between the taxa and range expansions and contractions. Overall, our molecular analyses favour the allopatric mode of diversification for the evolution of Vandiemenella and do not support the stasipatric speciation model of White (1978). Patterns of genetic differentiation between the chromosomal races analysed at three different spatial scales show dynamic responses of the grasshoppers to past climatic fluctuations, leading to opportunities for long-term isolation and allopatric fixation of new chromosome variants and molecular mutations at many loci. Further analyses are necessary to assess potential roles of chromosomal rearrangements in facilitating diversification in Vandiemenella by reducing recombination within the rearranged chromosome segments.
12

A COGNITIVE COMPENSATION MECHANSIM FOR DEFORMABLE ANTENNAS

Long, Stephen A. 2009 May 1900 (has links)
This thesis presents the design, theory, and measurement of a linearly polarized microstrip patch antenna with a novel substrate-integrated mechanism that can compensate the detuning effects from a physical deformation. Specifically, this antenna bends sharply through the center up to 90 (pivoted about the ground plane) and retuning (compensation) occurs by displacing electromagnetically functionalized colloidal dispersions (EFCDs) through a capillary in the substrate (parallel to the radiating edge). The displacement of a high permittivity EFCD by a low permittivity EFCD acts as a net length reduction (shown mathematically using perturbation theory). This mitigates the physical length extension from the deformation and stretching of the conductors. The design can be considered cognitive (conceptually in this thesis) by allowing the deformation and resulting compressive forces in the substrate to actuate displacement. The antennas to demonstrate this concept have been chosen to operate at 3 GHz and use a Sylgard 184 (a flexible silicone-based elastomer) substrate material with a height of 4 mm. Simulations of an HFSS model demonstrate a stable VSWR 2:1 bandwidth of 141 MHz across the entire range of bending. Currently available fabrication methods and EFCD material systems provide some limitations. Therefore, proof-of-concept is provided using 2 microstrip patch antennas (one flat patch and one patch bent 90) designed using 4 mm thick Rochelle Foam substrates and rigid copper sheets. A flexible patch was fabricated using Sylgard 184 and SEC 1233 (a conductive elastomer) but bending created several tears in the material and delaminating of the flexible conductor. However, the comparison of trends between simulated and measured results show good agreement and are used to validate this compensation mechanism.
13

Use of tRNA Gene Probes to Identify Polymorphic Loci in the Bovine Genome

Shariat, Parvaneh 08 1900 (has links)
A 30-mer oligonucleotide probe encoding the "A box" and anticodon loop regions of a human glycine tRNA gene was used to isolate a 581bp DNA fragment from a bovine genomic DNA library. Although the cross-hybridizing segment of DNA was found not to encode any tRNA gene or pseudogene, a region with homology to the "C-element" of the "BOV-tA" type Alulike artiodactyl retroposons was identified. This cross-hybridization was determined to be the result of conserved RNA polymerase III promoter elements in the probe portion of the tRNA gene and these repetitive elements. A microsatellite repeat (TC) was also found associated with this element. Future screening for bovine tRNA genes will require the use of a) longer probes and higher stringency hybridization conditions or b) the simultaneous screening with probes from the 5' and 3' ends of the gene which avoid the conserved Pol III promoter boxes.
14

The Bioluminescence Heterozygous Genome Assembler

Price, Jared Calvin 01 December 2014 (has links) (PDF)
High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies are currently revolutionizing the fields of biology and medicine by elucidating the structure and function of the components of life. Modern DNA sequencing machines typically produce relatively short reads of DNA which are then assembled by software in an attempt to produce a representation of the entire genome. Due to the complex structure of all but the smallest genomes, especially the abundant presence of exact or almost exact repeats, all genome assemblers introduce errors into the final sequence and output a relatively large set of contigs instead of full-length chromosomes (a contig is a DNA sequence built from the overlaps between many reads). These problems are dramatically worse when homologous copies of the same chromosome differ substantially. Currently such genomes are usually avoided as assembly targets and, when they are not avoided, they generally produce assemblies of relatively low quality. An improved algorithm for the assembly of such data would dramatically improve our understanding of the genetics of a large class of organisms. We present a unique algorithm for the assembly of diploid genomes which have a high degree of variation between homologous chromosomes. The approach uses coverage, graph patterns and machine-learning classification to identify haplotype-specific sequences in the input reads. It then uses these haplotype-specific markers to guide an improved assembly. We validate the approach with a large experiment that isolates and elucidates the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on genome assembly more clearly than any previous study. The experiment conclusively demonstrates that the Bioluminescence heterozygous genome assembler produces dramatically longer contigs with fewer haplotype-switch errors than competing algorithms under conditions of high heterozygosity.
15

Assessment of genetic variation and population differentiation in invasive multiflora rose, Rosa multiflora Thunberg (Rosaceae) in northeastern Ohio

Ghosh, Rajlakshmi 17 July 2009 (has links)
No description available.
16

Polymorphic transformation of artemisinin by high temperature extrusion

Kulkarni, Chaitrali S., Kendrick, John, Kelly, Adrian L., Gough, Tim, Dash, Radha C., Paradkar, Anant R January 2013 (has links)
No / This communication reports a novel solvent free method to generate and stabilise the triclinic form of artemisinin. We show that the stability of the triclinic form obtained by high temperature extrusion is greater than that of material made using a solvent based technique.
17

Syntéza a optimalizace polymorfních obvodů / Polymorphic circuits synthesis and optimization

Crha, Adam January 2021 (has links)
Tato práce se zabývá metodami logické syntézy a optimalizací pro polymorfní obvody. V práci jsou jak diskutovány existující metody pro konvenční obvody, tak i představeny nové metody, aplikovatelné na polymorfní elektroniku. Hlavním přínosem práce je představení nových metod optimalizace a logické syntézy pro polymorfní obvody. Přesto, že v minulých letech byly představeny metody pro návrh polymorfních obvodů, jsou tyto metody založené na evolučních technikách nebo nejsou dobře škálovatelné. Z toho vyplývá, že stále neexistuje stabilní metodika pro návrh složitějších polymorfních obvodů. Tato práce představuje zejména reprezentaci polymorgních obvodů a metodiku pro jejich návrh založenou na And-Inverter grafech. Na polymorfní obvody reprezentované pomocí AIG je možné aplikovat známé techniky jako například přepisování [rewriting]. Nasazením techniky přepisování na polymorfní AIG získáme obvod, obsahující polymorfní prvky uvnitř obvodu, a je možné dosáhnout značných úspor prostředků, které mohou být sdíleny mezi dvěma funkcemi současně. Ověření návrhové metodiky pro polymorfní obvody bylo provedeno nad sadou veřejně dostupných obvodů, čímž je demonstrována efektivita metodiky.
18

Characterization and use of a multiplex PCR-based system random amplified polymorphic DNA /

Halldén, Christer. January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.
19

Characterization and use of a multiplex PCR-based system random amplified polymorphic DNA /

Halldén, Christer. January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.
20

Nový přístup k polymorfismu číslicových obvodů na úrovni hradel / Novel approach to polymorphism in gate-level digital circuits

Nevoral, Jan Unknown Date (has links)
Před necelými dvaceti lety byl představen nekonvenční přístup k implementaci multifunkčních obvodů, tzv. polymorfní elektronika. Polymorfní elektronika umožňuje implementovat jedním obvodem dvě nebo více funkcí, přičemž aktuálně funkce závisí na stavu okolního prostředí obvodu. Klíčovými komponentami takových obvodů jsou polymorfní hradla. Od představení konceptu polymorfní elektroniky bylo publikováno několik desítek polymorfních hradel. Parametry většiny z nich však neumožňují jejich využití v reálných aplikacích. Bez dostatečného množství polymorfních hradel s dobrými parametry však nejspíše zůstane v aplikacích založených na multifunkčním chování nebo rekonfiguraci konvenční elektronika preferována před tou polymorfní. Tato disertační práce představuje nový přístup k polymorfní elektronice. Je založen na hradlech, jejichž funkce závisí na polaritě napájecích přívodů. Cílem této disertační práce je ukázat, že takový přístup umožňuje navrhnout hradla s výrazně lepšími parametry. Aby bylo možné systematicky navrhovat na úrovni tranzistorů takováto hradla, byla navržena evoluční metoda založená na kartézském genetickém programování (CGP). To umožnilo navrhnout několik sad efektivních polymorfních hradel založených jak na konvenčních MOSFET tranzistorech, tak na double-gate ambipolárních tranzistorech. Z těchto sad hradel byla vytvořena knihovna, která je v současné době volně dostupná pro ostatní vědce. Dále byla v této práci navržena řada složitějších obvodů založená na navržených hradlech. Na různých úrovních návrhu obvodů (hradla, RTL, cílová aplikace) je pak ukázáno, že navrhovaný polymorfismus na úrovni hradel představuje velké výhody v porovnání s předchozí generací polymorfních hradel, ale může být také konkurenceschopný nebo výrazně lepší než konvenční řešení takovýchto obvodů.

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