No description available.

I examined two aspects of the reproductive behavior of the garibaldi, Hypsypops rubicundus, a temperate marine damselfish with male parental care. My primary objective was to determine the relationship between female choice and male parental investment in the care of offspring. In particular, I sought to determine: (1) how the presence and developmental stage of eggs already in the nest influences female spawning site choice; (2) how male investment in current offspring varies with the number and developmental stage of eggs in his nest; and (3) how patterns of mate choice and parental investment contribute to the reproductive success of each sex. Because male courtship and parental care behaviors change during a nesting cycle, a secondary objective was to indentify associated hormonal changes that potentially cause this change in behavior. Female garibaldi showed a strong preference to spawn in nests with early stage eggs over empty nests or those with predominantly late-stage eggs. Within nests containing eggs in multiple stages of development, females always deposited their eggs among the youngest eggs in the nest. Male garibaldi exhibited behavioral tactics that would increase the mortality of eggs deposited in empty nests (first clutches) or in older broods (late clutches) and thus favor such female preference. These include: (1) cannibalism of single-clutch broods; (2) cannibalism of older eggs early in the brood-cycle; (3) cannibalism of younger eggs late in the brood-cycle; (4) increased attentiveness of larger broods; and (5) increased aggressiveness in defense of larger broods. These behaviors are consistent with the predictions of parental investment theory that males invest in current offspring in a way that maximizes the net (current plus future) benefits of paternal care. Male garibaldi actively courted females when their nests were empty. However, courtship rates declined as males acquired eggs and as those eggs aged. This was concomitant with an increase in parental egg fanning. Levels of both testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone were positively related to levels of courtship activity and inversely related to male parental egg-fanning. / Graduation date: 1993

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Queensland, 2005.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T22:56:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1339_1.pdf: 2461239 bytes, checksum: 9716105f4b323ba8f2d40f342581aefd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As famílias Pomacentridae e Labridae são consideradas típicas de ambientes recifais por apresentarem ampla distribuição geográfica global associada a este tipo de ecossistema marinho, onde desempenham inúmeras atividades biológicas e interações ecológicas. No Brasil os pomacentrídeos, também conhecidos por peixes-donzela, compõem uma lista de 12 espécies e quatro gêneros: Abudefduf, Chromis, Microspathodon e Stegastes. Os labrídeos, denominados de budiões, possuem 14 espécies pertencentes a seis gêneros: Bodianus, Clepticus, Doratonotus, Halichoeres, Thalassoma e Xyrichtys. Um total 198 exemplares, divididos entre cinco espécies de pomacentrídeos (A. saxatilis, S. fuscus, S. pictus, S. sanctipauli e S. variabilis) e oito de labrídeos (B. insularis, B. pulchellus, B. rufus, H. brasiliensis, H. bivittatus, H. dimidiatus, H. poey e X. novacula), foram obtidos para a análise de ecomorfologia. Todos os exemplares foram medidos morfometricamente seus valores transformados em atributos ecomorfológicos. Matrizes combinadas entre espécies e atributos com valores individuais e valores médios, para cada família, foram submetidas à Análise de Componentes Principais. Os resultados da análise dos valores individuais apresentaram grande sobreposição para as espécies de labrídeos e de pomacentrídeos. Os padrões ecomorfológicos encontrados para Labridae refletiram suas diferenças nos atributos associados à exploração de recursos alimentares, enquanto para Pomacentridae as diferenças foram mais marcantes pela ocupação das espécies na coluna d água. Para ambas as famílias, os padrões ecomorfológicos ficaram agregados à velocidade e habilidade natatória. As sobreposições encontradas neste estudo podem revelar claramente o aspecto convergente em cada família

The aim of this study was to improve the rearing of common clownfish Amphiprion percula, by weaning juveniles from a live feed to a formulated feed as early as possible, while still maintaining good growth and survival. The growth response of A. percula to a formulated dry feed was initially investigated. There was no difference in growth rate of juveniles fed a formulated feed, and the formulated feed supplemented with either Artemia or a Donax serra / Penaeus indicus combination. Amphiprion percula readily consumed the formulated feed, and the fishmeal/casein combination appeared an acceptable protein source. As the amount of protein included in a diet can have a profound effect on growth, the optimal dietary protein level for juvenile A. percula was investigated by feeding semipurified diets containing graded levels of protein, ranging from 40-65%. There was no difference in the growth rates of juveniles fed the various diets, however all diets promoted good growth with an average weight gain of 419%, and thus for the purposes of this study the diet formulation was deemed adequate. The histological study of the digestive system of larval A. percula revealed that the alimentary canal was advanced at hatching and that larvae start exogenous feeding immediately. Three days after hatch (DAH) the yolk sac is completely absorbed. In the hind-gut epithelium of 5-day-old larvae small supranuclear inclusion vacuoles appear, suggesting pinocytotic digestion, and by 7 DAH gastric glands are established in the epithelium of the stomach. Nine DAH supranuclear inclusion vacuoles appear in the epithelium of the mid-gut, indicating extracellular digestion and absorption across the lumen. As pinocytotic digestion of protein is less efficient than extracellular digestion, especially in the case of formulated feeds, it was hypothesised that the digestive system of A. percula could only effectively digest formulated feeds 9 DAH onwards. The two weaning experiments designed to test this hypothesis revealed that A. percula was able to utilise the formulated feed, without reduction in survival, from 7 DAH onwards. However, in terms of growth, the optimal time to wean juveniles from the live feed to the formulated dry feed was between 15 to 20 DAH. As A. percula accept a formulated feed and can benefit nutritionally from it, the dependence of larvae and juveniles on live feed can be reduced. This study has shown that the rearing of A. percula can been simplified and improved by weaning from 7 DAH with no reduction in survival, and from 15 to 20 DAH with no reduction in growth.

The garibaldi, Hypsypops rubicundus, is a sexually monochromatic pomacentrid found in rocky subtidal areas of Southern and Baja California. During the spawning season, males attempt to attract females to a nest of red algae located within individually defended territories. Females were observed to enter the nests of several males before selecting one for spawning and were significantly more likely to spawn in nests that contained eggs in the early stages of development than nests with no eggs or with late stage embryos. Among empty nests, the density of red turf algae and the number of nesting males surrounding the nest were inversely related to the amount of time elapsed until a nesting male acquired the first clutch of a brood. The percentage of long algae in the nest was positively related to this measure. These results demonstrate active female choice of spawning site by female garibaldi and suggest that certain characteristics of the male-defended nest influence this choice. / Graduation date: 1991

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-121). Also available on the World Wide Web.

No description available.

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 212-226. / Photocopy. / xv, 226 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004. / Typescript (photocopy). Bibliography: leaves 195-202.