Thesis (M.U.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

No description available.

The objective of this project is to determine whether utilizing an EM Algorithm to fit a Gaussian mixed model distribution model provides needed accuracy in identifying the number of defective parts per million when the overall population is made up of multiple independent runs or lots. The other option is approximating using standard software tools and common known techniques available to a process, industrial or quality engineer. These tools and techniques provide methods utilizing familiar distributions and statistical process control methods widely understood. This paper compares these common methods with an EM Algorithm programmed in R using a dataset of actual measurements for length of manufactured product. / text

The present thesis examines urbanisation in a framework that relates it to population growth, socio-economic development and rural-urban migration, with special reference to the city of Constantine. The study is organised in three parts. Following the introductory section, the first chapter focuses on the high population growth rate and reviews the main causes and consequences. It defines the setting of the problems in a national and regional context. Chapter Two discusses the historical trends of urbanisation and urban growth and offers some hypotheses. to be tested. A review of fundamental conceptual and methodological issues, which must be considered when dealing with the process of population movement, is found in Chapter Three. Chapter Four puts the study area into its regional setting and examines links between urbanisation and development. Considering that these four chapters would serve as a basis for a clearer understanding of the factors underlying population movements, Chapter Five attempts to define the role of migration in Constantine's growth and the possible reasons for its markedly changing population growth rate over time. Based on the census results, Chapter Six identifies the major internal streams to Constantine in a framework that relates them to the regional development patterns. Here a spatial interaction model is used to measure the salient factors that enhance and impede regional migration; while Chapter Seven presents the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the migrant population. To conclude the analysis of migration to Constantine, Chapter Eight analyses the*spatial growth of the city and examines the distribution of the migrant population within the city. Finally, the concluding section offers an overall summary, conclusion and implications, stressing the view that if regional disparities are to be reduced and thus a slown-down in urbanward migration to a more manageable dimension, the solution to these various problems associated with urbanisation is not a simple policy but a package of policies integrating urban development policy, judiciously selected complementary policies in the area of rural development as well as a population policy

Tudor and Stuart England was a mobile society. The generally high levels of geographical mobility went hand in hand with various degrees of social and occupational mobility. Some of the most important movements were of people from the countryside to the town, as they were significant as a transfer of resources and an agency of social mobilitYJ their chronological and geographical flows provide an index of both changing urban fortunes and of the levels of spatial integration and economic development upon which these changing fortunes were based. Amongst the types of rural-urban migration, the movement of teenagers to a town to serve an apprenticeship is a particularly valuable topic for study. The training of labour is important in any society and in preindustrial England output could only be raised in many industries through a greater input of labour. The areas from which the apprentices were drawn represent the scale of organisation, economic social and spatial, current in sixteenth and seventeenth century England. This gives an indication of the level of development of the country as it underwent the transition from a society largely based on the discrete daily and weekly contacts around the provincial central places, through an increase in scale to a regional integration based upon county towns, to a~hesive national system. Three county towns were selected, Chester, Gloucester and Shrewsbury, as they each had a good series of apprenticeship records; they represented the foci characteristic of the regional scale of integration and they were associated one with another along the England-Wales border, thus forming a convenient spatial system. The results of the study confirm the findings on mobility in sixteenth and seventeenth century England. Most migrants moved over short distances and a few made long journeys. The propensity to move varied with the status of the apprentices' backgroundsJ generally the higher the status the longer the distance moved. Many apprentices trained in an occupation different to that of their fathers and some of these represented a significant degree of social mobility. Nevertheless, association within the s~me sub-group was common, either based upon the same raw material or upon the type of work undertaken. The three towns organised a regional scale of integration around themselves, reinforcing their roles as important suppliers of goods and services to their hinterlands, the extent of which remained constant throughout the period studied.

This dissertation attempts to show how the study of the variations in demographic experience between different types of communities can advance the understanding of the processes of English population growth in the past, particularly during the period of rapid economic change in the eighteenth century. Attention is concentrated on an area of fifty-two parishes, centered around the border of North East Somerset and West Wiltshire, which contained communities involved in a variety of economic activities. The principal objective is to demonstrate the relationships between economic developments and demographic change and more especially to emphasize the inter-relatedness of events in different communities, each of which fits into a complex regional system. The process of investigation is in three stages: first, aggregated annual totals of baptisms, burials and marriages (taken from parish registers and related documents) are used to analyse the general chronology of population change in the area as a whole and explanations for the acceleration and timing of growth are discussed. Secondly, similarities in the experiences of the constituent communities are studied and these provide the basis for the definition ~f groups of parishes with common sets of attributes. Movements of people between these groups are found to be an important element of regional population change. And thirdly, more detailed analytical techniques are used to investigate the processes of population change within individual communities. This indicates significant spatial differences in the fertility of populations and a study of the persistency of families identifies to what extent these differences arose because of spatial variations in environmental and economic conditions or because of the redistribution of population. The overall conclusion is that population change in a particular place, at a particular time cannot be fully explained without an understanding of changes that took place in other parts of the region in earlier generations.

published_or_final_version / Urban Design / Master / Master of Urban Design

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Statistics and Actuarial Science / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy