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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dissociação da molécula de água em superfícies de silício: um estudo teórico / Dissociation of water molecule on silicon surfects: a theoretical study

Sousa, Regina Lélis de 03 March 2010 (has links)
O silício é o material-base para a indústria de microeletrônica e tem acompanhado a evolução para a nanoeletrônica. Em várias aplicações é importante o processo de química molhada que prevê a presença de moléculas de água na superfície do semicondutor. Todavia, muito pouco ainda é conhecido, teórica e experimentalmente, sobre os mecanismos e as estruturas resultantes da reação da molécula de H2O sobre Si. Aqui, nós apresentamos nosso estudo da dissociação de uma molécula de água sobre as superfícies Si(100)(2x1) (superfície limpa) e Si(100)(2x1):H superfcie monohidrogenada). Nossos resultados foram obtidos com a Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT), enquanto os caminhos de menor energia para a decomposição da molécula sobre a superfície foram obtidos com a metodologia denominada CI-NEB (Climbing Image - Nudging Elastic Band). Nossos resultados mostraram que a dissociação da molécula de água sobre a superfície limpa é independente do sítio de ataque à superf´cie e esta interação ocorre de maneira correlacionada. O produto HSiSiOH desta reação é estável, e a posterior decomposição ocorre via energia térmica. Neste caso, nós mostramos que a transferência do átomo de oxigênio para o dímero é energética e cineticamente favorável em relação à oxidação de sítios subsuperficiais. A superfície monohidrogenda mostra-se muito resistente ao ataque oxidativo. Constatamos que alguns processos oxidativos tem dependêencia com o sítio de ataque, enquanto outros são indiferentes se a interação ocorre em regiões de vale ou sobre a fileira de dímeros. Nossos resultados evidenciam que a rota de ataque sugerida pelos experimentais nao se mostrou cineticamente viável. Assim, nós propomos duas novas rotas oxidativas, uma relacionada à oxidação do dímero e outra de sítio de subsuperfície. Nós provamos que estas duas novas possibilidades são cinética e energéticamente viáveis. Finalmente, apresentamos uma análise das modificações do perfil de corrente de tunelamento (STM - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy) provocadas por estes defeitos. Deste modo, n´os esperamos que este trabalho possa ser uma motivação para a comprovação de nossos resultados. / Silicon is the basic material for microeletronics industry, and for the recent developments in nano eletronics. In many applications, wet chemistry processing is important that is, with the presence of water molecules on the semiconductor surface. However, the reaction mechanism for the H2O molecule with Si, and the resulting structures, are still object of debate, from both theoretical and experimental points of view. Here, we present a detailed study of the dissociation of one water molecule on the surfaces Si (100) (2x1) (clean surface) and Si (100) (2x1): H ) monohydride, covering from the reaction evolution, to the characterization of the final surface. To do that, we use methodologies based on Density Functional Theory the reaction pathways for decomposition of the water molecule on the surface have been carried out with CI-NEB (climbing image nudging elastic band), and we used the Tersoff-Hamann model for surface characterization. Our results show that the water molecule dissociation on the clean surface is independent of the site of attack. The product of this reaction, H-Si-Si-OH unit, is stable and its subsequent decomposition occurs through thermal energy. We also find that the insertion of the oxygen atom a Si surface dimmer is energetically and kinetically favorable compared to absorption in the back-bond (subsurface) sites. Although hydrogenation cannot prevent oxidation of the surface, we can say that the passivation processes are efficient, since the monohydride surface is more resistant to attack by oxygen. In contrast with the clean surface, for this case, some oxidative process have dependency on the site of attack, while others are indifferent whether the interaction occurs in the valley or over the dimmer rows. Our results indicate that the oxidation route suggested by earlier experimental works is not favored. In this way, we propose two new oxidation routes, once related to chemisorption of the oxygen atom on the Si-Si dimmer bond, and another related to the absorption on the back bond, with simultaneous ejection of one H2 molecule. Analysis of energy barriers showed that these two new possibilities are both kinetically and energetically viable. We finally present analyses of the profiles of tunneling current, predicted by STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy) for oxygen incorporation in all studied structures. We hope to have contribuited to the understanding of the oxidation processes, and at the same time to motivate new experimental investigations
2

Charge-transfer excitations and phtophysical properties of molecular building blocks

Rubio Pons, Oscar January 2005 (has links)
This thesis reports a state-of-the-art theoretical study of photophysical properties of organic charge-transfer aromatic molecules. These molecules are building blocks of molecular functional materials used in modern photonics technology and play essential roles in chemistry and biology in general. A good understanding of these systems is thus important. The theoretical results for permanent dipole moments of some substituted benzenes have been obtained using the coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) method. The performance of density functional theory (DFT) for the geometry and electronic properties has been compared with that of traditional ab initio methods, such as Hartree-Fock, second-order Möller Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), CCSD and CCSD(T). Limitations of the DFT methods for charge transfer molecules have been demonstrated. The multi-configuration self-consistent field (MCSCF) method has been applied to understand properties of the triplet states of benzene derivatives by studying their phosphorescence with the inclusion of contributions from vibronic coupling. It has also been employed to calculate the photophysics of the thioxanthone molecule containing three benzene rings in combination with the CASPT2 method, resolving a long-standing problem concerning the possible stable conformations of the molecule. With knowledge of the building blocks a series of porphyrin derivatives with exceptionally large two-photon absorption cross sections were designed, and proposed for use in bioimaging applications. The static and dynamic properties of a few zinc and platinum organometallic compounds, being possible candidates for optical limiting devices, have also investigated. / QC 20101011
3

Dissociação da molécula de água em superfícies de silício: um estudo teórico / Dissociation of water molecule on silicon surfects: a theoretical study

Regina Lélis de Sousa 03 March 2010 (has links)
O silício é o material-base para a indústria de microeletrônica e tem acompanhado a evolução para a nanoeletrônica. Em várias aplicações é importante o processo de química molhada que prevê a presença de moléculas de água na superfície do semicondutor. Todavia, muito pouco ainda é conhecido, teórica e experimentalmente, sobre os mecanismos e as estruturas resultantes da reação da molécula de H2O sobre Si. Aqui, nós apresentamos nosso estudo da dissociação de uma molécula de água sobre as superfícies Si(100)(2x1) (superfície limpa) e Si(100)(2x1):H superfcie monohidrogenada). Nossos resultados foram obtidos com a Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT), enquanto os caminhos de menor energia para a decomposição da molécula sobre a superfície foram obtidos com a metodologia denominada CI-NEB (Climbing Image - Nudging Elastic Band). Nossos resultados mostraram que a dissociação da molécula de água sobre a superfície limpa é independente do sítio de ataque à superf´cie e esta interação ocorre de maneira correlacionada. O produto HSiSiOH desta reação é estável, e a posterior decomposição ocorre via energia térmica. Neste caso, nós mostramos que a transferência do átomo de oxigênio para o dímero é energética e cineticamente favorável em relação à oxidação de sítios subsuperficiais. A superfície monohidrogenda mostra-se muito resistente ao ataque oxidativo. Constatamos que alguns processos oxidativos tem dependêencia com o sítio de ataque, enquanto outros são indiferentes se a interação ocorre em regiões de vale ou sobre a fileira de dímeros. Nossos resultados evidenciam que a rota de ataque sugerida pelos experimentais nao se mostrou cineticamente viável. Assim, nós propomos duas novas rotas oxidativas, uma relacionada à oxidação do dímero e outra de sítio de subsuperfície. Nós provamos que estas duas novas possibilidades são cinética e energéticamente viáveis. Finalmente, apresentamos uma análise das modificações do perfil de corrente de tunelamento (STM - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy) provocadas por estes defeitos. Deste modo, n´os esperamos que este trabalho possa ser uma motivação para a comprovação de nossos resultados. / Silicon is the basic material for microeletronics industry, and for the recent developments in nano eletronics. In many applications, wet chemistry processing is important that is, with the presence of water molecules on the semiconductor surface. However, the reaction mechanism for the H2O molecule with Si, and the resulting structures, are still object of debate, from both theoretical and experimental points of view. Here, we present a detailed study of the dissociation of one water molecule on the surfaces Si (100) (2x1) (clean surface) and Si (100) (2x1): H ) monohydride, covering from the reaction evolution, to the characterization of the final surface. To do that, we use methodologies based on Density Functional Theory the reaction pathways for decomposition of the water molecule on the surface have been carried out with CI-NEB (climbing image nudging elastic band), and we used the Tersoff-Hamann model for surface characterization. Our results show that the water molecule dissociation on the clean surface is independent of the site of attack. The product of this reaction, H-Si-Si-OH unit, is stable and its subsequent decomposition occurs through thermal energy. We also find that the insertion of the oxygen atom a Si surface dimmer is energetically and kinetically favorable compared to absorption in the back-bond (subsurface) sites. Although hydrogenation cannot prevent oxidation of the surface, we can say that the passivation processes are efficient, since the monohydride surface is more resistant to attack by oxygen. In contrast with the clean surface, for this case, some oxidative process have dependency on the site of attack, while others are indifferent whether the interaction occurs in the valley or over the dimmer rows. Our results indicate that the oxidation route suggested by earlier experimental works is not favored. In this way, we propose two new oxidation routes, once related to chemisorption of the oxygen atom on the Si-Si dimmer bond, and another related to the absorption on the back bond, with simultaneous ejection of one H2 molecule. Analysis of energy barriers showed that these two new possibilities are both kinetically and energetically viable. We finally present analyses of the profiles of tunneling current, predicted by STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy) for oxygen incorporation in all studied structures. We hope to have contribuited to the understanding of the oxidation processes, and at the same time to motivate new experimental investigations

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