Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-15T14:04:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Renato Berutti Neto.pdf: 4059567 bytes, checksum: 6f8cfef981af15e4298a546d0c7563dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T14:04:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Renato Berutti Neto.pdf: 4059567 bytes, checksum: 6f8cfef981af15e4298a546d0c7563dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / This work has been performed at the Laboratory of Chemical Kinetics, located in the Chemistry Department of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, for the study of unimolecular reactions of formamide in gas phase and on the ground state: (1) CHONH2? CO + NH3 (2) CHONH2? H2 + HNCO and (3) CHONH2? HCO + NH2. Theoretical calculations including geometry optimizations and frequencies, have been performed at CASSCF level, with corrections at MRMP2 level for the electronic energy. The cc-pVDZ, cc and cc-pVTZ basis sets as well as the aug-cc-pVDZ have been used for comparative purposes. The unimolecular reactions were differently treated, depending on the specific topology of the potential energy surface. For the decompositions, corresponding saddle points have been located and the lowest energy paths have been calculated with the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) method. The dissociation reaction has been described in terms of a scanning on the potential curve considering partial geometry optimizations of the fragments NH2 and HCO, keeping the CN distances frozen, those assumed as the internal reaction coordinate. Ab initio calculations were performed with the package GAMESS. The results show that the best description of the molecule has been obtained at CAS(10,9)/CCT level, yielding minimum deviations for the calculated molecular properties in relation to the experimental data available in the literature. The critical energies for the reactions of the decomposition have been determined, being (1): 77.60 kcal / mol and (2): 73.56 kcal / mol, both at level MRMP2/CAS(10,9)/CCT. For these results, it has been observed that the corrections MRMP2 are very important, bringing data calculated values very close to the literature values. From the analysis of the reaction pathways, it can be inferred that the dynamics of decomposition CHONH2 ? CO + NH3 is initiated by the torsional movement along the axis molecular by slightly rotating the fragment HCO in relation to the NH2, while the distance CN extends and the HC distance increases, with decreasing of HCN angle; the hydrogen atom bonds to the nitrogen atom and, with progressive increase of the distance CN, the fragments NH3 and CO are formed, achieving relaxed geometries. The decomposition CHONH2? HNCO + H2, by its turn, is initiated by increasing the distance HC at the HCO fragment, and further hydrogen abstraction of the atom at the NH2 fragment to form H2, which progressively separates from the HNCO, after the saddle point, generating the two products of this reaction. Dissociation is interpreted as the stretching of the CN bond, which promotes the separation of the NH2 and HCO fragments, whose geometries are relaxed along the curve of potential. The dissociation limit, determined at level MRMP2/CAS(10,9)/CCT is 91.52 kcal/mol. The canonical variational constant were calculated in the range of 300 - 2000K, being the values, in s-1, obtained at 1600K: (1) k = 5.62 x 103, (2) k = 1.07 x 103 and (3) k = 3.45. It follows that the channel (1) is privileged at a temperature of 1600K, and the decompositions are faster than the dissociation. / O presente trabalho foi realizado no Laborat?rio de Cin?tica, situado no Departamento de Qu?mica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, visando o estudo das Rea??es Unimoleculares da Formamida em Fase Gasosa e no Estado Fundamental: (1) CHONH2? CO + NH3, (2) CHONH2? HNCO + H2 e (3) CHONH2? HCO + NH2. C?lculos te?ricos, incluindo otimiza??es de geometria e frequ?ncias, foram procedidos em n?vel CASSCF com corre??es em n?vel MRMP2 para a energia eletr?nica. Bases cc-pVDZ e cc-pVTZ, assim como aug-ccpVDZ foram utilizados para fins comparativos. As rea??es unimoleculares foram tratadas diferentemente, dependendo da topologia espec?fica da superf?cie de energia potencial. Para as decomposi??es, pontos de sela correspondentes foram localizados e caminhos de menor energia foram calculados com o m?todo da coordenada de rea??o intr?nseca (IRC). A rea??o de dissocia??o foi descrita a partir do levantamento da curva de potencial considerando otimiza??es parciais de geometria dos fragmentos NH2 e HCO, mantendo fixas as dist?ncias CN, coordenada interna esta, assumida como a coordenada de rea??o. Os c?lculos ab initio foram realizados com o pacote GAMESS. Os resultados mostram que a melhor descri??o da mol?cula de formamida foi obtida em n?vel CAS(10,9)/CCT, promovendo menores desvios das propriedades moleculares calculadas em rela??o as experimentais dispon?veis na literatura. As energias cr?ticas para as rea??es de decomposi??o foram determinadas, sendo (1): 77,60kcal/mol e (2): 73,56 kcal/mol, ambas em n?vel MRMP2/CAS(10,9)/CCT. Para esses resultados, observou-se que as corre??es MRMP2 foram muito importantes, trazendo esses dados calculados a valores muito pr?ximos aos recomendados na literatura. A partir da an?lise dos caminhos de rea??o, pode-se inferir que a din?mica da decomposi??o CHONH2? CO + NH3 ? iniciada pelo movimento de tor??o ao longo do eixo molecular, fazendo girar levemente o fragmento NH2 em rela??o ao HCO, ao mesmo tempo em que o eixo CN se alonga e a dist?ncia HC aumenta, com a diminui??o do ?ngulo HCN, o ?tomo de hidrog?nio se liga ao nitrog?nio e, a partir do aumento progressivo da dist?ncia CN, os fragmentos NH3 e CO se formam, tendo lentamente suas geometrias relaxadas. J? a decomposi??o CHONH2? HNCO + H2 ? iniciada pelo aumento da dist?ncia HC no radical HCO e posterior abstra??o de um dos ?tomos de hidrog?nio do fragmento NH2 para a forma??o de H2, que se distancia progressivamente, ap?s a regi?o do ponto de sela, do fragmento HNCO, gerando os dois produtos desta rea??o. A dissocia??o, interpretada como o estiramento da liga??o CN, promove a separa??o dos fragmentos NH2 e HCO, cujas geometrias s?o otimizadas ao longo da curva de potencial. O limite de dissocia??o, calculado em n?vel MRMP2/CAS(10,9)/CCT foi determinado como 91,52 kcal/mol. As constantes variacionais can?nicas foram calculadas na faixa de 300 - 2000K com o programa kcvt, sendo os valores, em s-1, obtidos a 1600K: (1) k = 5,62 x 103, (2) k = 1,07 x 103 e (3) k = 3,45. Conclui-se que o canal (1) ? privilegiado na temperatura de 1600K, e que as decomposi??es s?o mais r?pidas que a dissocia??o.

En aquesta tesis s’estudia la fotoquímica i la fotofísica d'alguns compostos orgànics fotosensibles derivats del benzè. Es centra principalment en els fenòmens de la fotosesitització i de la transferència intramolecular de càrrega. L’estudi es desenvolupa amb mètodes teòrics ab initio per determinar els mecanismes dels processos estudiats. Per una descripció detallada d’aquests mecanismes és necessari caracteritzar la naturalesa dels estats involucrats, les estructures de les espècies que intervenen en la reactivitat i determinar de manera precisa les seves energies. En aquest treball s’ha estudiat el mecanisme pel qual la fenalenona és capaç de sensibilitzar la molècula d’oxigen a l’estat excitat singlet. També s’ha estudiat la transferència de càrrega del aminobenzonitril i el seu derivat tetrafluorat per explicar les diferències en la fotofísica del dos compostos, i quatre membres de la família dels aminobezonitrils per entendre com afecta l’estructura i els factors ambientals (fase i dissolvents més o menys polars) a els patrons de fluorescència dels membres d’aquesta família. / This thesis is focused on theoretical study of several photosensitive molecular systems. It covers the study of some frequently encountered processes: photosensititzation and Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT). The photosensititzation is a process where a light-absorbing photosensititzer (PS) activates reactions in a substrate that otherwise would not take place. Intramolecular charge transfer is the process related with the transference of charge from different regions of the same molecule, one donor and other acceptor. These studies are addressed by theoretical study using ab intio methods, assessing the nature of the excited states involved, the geometries and energies of the species formed and the mechanism that lead to photochemical transformation and photophysical processes. In the first case photosensititzation process by means of Phenalenone is studied. In the case of the ICT process two families are studied: Aminobenzonitriles and Aminopyrimidines. Possible ICT states, non-adiabatic and adiabatic pathways that populate different lowest in energy minima are characterized.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-01T13:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3885187 bytes, checksum: 43a97495626de95064ede3adad23bcd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T13:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3885187 bytes, checksum: 43a97495626de95064ede3adad23bcd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we performed ωB97XD, CAM-B3LYP, CASSCF, MR-CISD, MRCISD+ Q and NEVPT2 calculations. The basis sets aug-cc-pVDZ and cc-pVTZ were used to assess the stability of certain neutral and protonated N-nitrosamines in the ground and excited states. In addition, we analyzed the effect of methylation on proton transfer. The initial proposal was to characterize the stationary points and the potential energy curves in the ground and excited state, in order to suggest a strategy that results in lower computational demand to be applied in larger systems (cyclic and bicyclic N-nitrosamines). The results indicate that the methodology MR-CISD/cc-pVTZ//MR-CISD/aug-cc-pVDZ may be appropriate to study the N-nitrosamines. The used functionals provided good descriptions to vertical excitation energy, but were not capable to represent the states correctly to dissociation curves. MR-CID+Q/cc-pVTZ results for the system (CH3)2NNO protonated indicate that protonation is more favorable for NDMA_1A, increasing energy in 17.5 kcal mol-1, and that the methylation significantly alter the intramolecular proton transfer barriers. With the aim to find a methodology with lower computational cost, use a reference wave function CASSCF (12, 9) at the level NEVPT2/cc-pVTZ was used study the neutral NDMA and results were consistent with both the theoretical and experimental parameters in the literature. For studies involving larger systems, for example, cyclic and bicyclic N-nitrosamines, NEVPT2 may be used, since it is completely paralyzed, and involves the use of a CASSCF larger than CAS (14, 10), which is a fundamental characteristic to study larger systems. / Neste trabalho foram realizados cálculos ωB97XD, CAM-B3LYP, CASSCF, MRCISD, MR-CISD+Q e NEVPT2. Os conjuntos de base aug-cc-pVDZ e cc-pVTZ foram usados para avaliar a estabilidade de algumas N-nitrosaminas neutras e protonadas nos estados fundamental e excitado. Além disso, foi analisado o efeito da metilação nas transferências de próton. A proposta inicial foi caracterizar os pontos estacionários, as curvas de energia potencial no estado fundamental e excitado, com a finalidade de sugerir uma estratégia que resulte em menor demanda computacional para ser aplicada em sistemas maiores (N-nitrosaminas cíclicas e bicíclicas). Os resultados indicaram que a metodologia MR-CISD/cc-pVTZ//MR-CISD/aug-cc-pVDZ pode ser adequada para estudar as N-nitrosaminas. Os funcionais utilizados forneceram boas descrições para a energia de excitação vertical, mas para as curvas de dissociação não foram capazes de representar os estados corretamente. Os resultados com MR-CISD+Q/cc-pVTZ para o sistema (CH3)2NNO protonado indicam que a protonação é mais favorável para NDMA_1A, aumentando a energia em 17,5 kcal mol-1, e que a metilação altera significativamente as barreiras de transferência de próton intramoleculares. Com a proposta de encontrar uma metodologia com menor custo computacional, utilizou-se uma função de onda de referência CASSCF (12, 9) a nível NEVPT2/cc-pVTZ para estudar a NDMA neutra e os resultados foram compatíveis com os parâmetros experimentais e teóricos existentes na literatura. Para estudos envolvendo sistemas maiores, por exemplo, N-nitrosaminas cíclicas e bicíclicas, NEVPT2 poderá ser usado, uma vez que está totalmente paralelizado e comporta a utilização de um CASSCF maior que CAS (14, 10), característica fundamental para estudar sistemas maiores.

Les travaux théoriques réalisés dans le cadre de la thèse nous ont permis d’étudier en détail, sur la base de méthodes DFT, TD-DFT et ab initio les propriétés structurales, électroniques et spectroscopiques de deux classes de molécules, les composés carbonyles hydrures des métaux de transition de la 1re et 3me rangée (Mn, Re) et les complexes cyclométalants phenyl pyridine de l’iridium. L’accent a été mis plus particulièrement sur les effets de couplage spin-orbite sur les spectres d’absorption électronique de ces molécules. La quantification de ces effets a permis de montrer que seuls les spectres électroniques des complexes possédant un centre métallique de la 3me rangée des métaux de transition (Re, Ir) étaient modifiés par la correction spin-orbite en perturbation. Le caractère des états, MC ou MLCT, la proximité des états singulets et triplets sont les facteurs qui influencent fortement l’interaction spinorbite entre états excités. Un effet remarquable observé pour le complexe du rhenium est le décalage important du spectre d’absorption vers le rouge du à l’éclatement de l’état triplet le plus bas. Dans ce cas l’effet de couplage spinorbite doit être pris en compte pour obtenir un spectre plus proche de l’expérience. Un effet spin-orbite déjà observé sur d’autres systèmes est l’augmentation de de la densité d’états par éclatement des états triplets et la diminuation des force d’oscillateur qui se répartissent sur ces états pour aboutir à des spectres d’absorption électronique plus étendus et moins intenses. L’étude menée sur les complexes d’iridium pour lesquels les spectres expérimentaux sont particulièrement mal résolus, montre un accord remarquable entre ceux-ci est les spectres d’absorption théoriques TD-DFT. Cependant les effets de fonctionnelle peuvent jouer un rôle important sur la qualité des spectres. Pour ces molécules les calculs ab initio n’ont pu aboutir au-delà du niveau CASSCF. Les états excités sont très délocalisés dans ces molécules et il est difficile de décrire au même niveau d’approximation les différents types d’états MLCT, LLCT, MC, LMCT... Dans la plupart des cas les fonctionnelles B3LYP et PW91 donnent des résultats satisfaisants pour les complexes d’iridium. Les éclatements spin-orbite des états électroniques triplets peuvent être supérieurs à 1500 cm-1 dans les complexes possédant un centre métallique de la 3me rangée des métaux de transition. / The theoretical work of the thesis have allowed us to study in detail, on the basis of DFT methods, TD-DFT and ab initio structural, electronic and spectroscopic properties of two classes of molecules, carbonyl compounds, hydrides transition metals of the 1st and 3rd row (Mn, Re) and complex cyclométalants phenyl pyridine iridium. The focus was specifically on the effects of spin-orbit coupling on the electronic absorption spectra of these molecules. The quantification of these effects showed that only electronic spectra of the complexes with a metal center of the 3rd row transition metals (Re, Ir) were modified by correcting spin-orbit perturbation. The character states, MC or MLCT, the proximity of singlet and triplet states are the factors that strongly influence the spin-orbit interaction between excited states. A remarkable effect observed for the rhenium complex is the large shift of the absorption spectrum to the red of the bursting of the lowest triplet state. In this case the effect of spin-orbit coupling must be taken into account to get closer to the experience spectrum. A spin-orbit effects already observed on other systems is to increase the density of states per burst and triplet states as decreasing the oscillator strength which fall on these statements lead to absorption spectra electronic broader and less intense. The study of the iridium complexes for which experimental spectra are particularly poorly resolved, shows a remarkable agreement between them is the theoretical absorption spectra of TDDFT. However, the functional effects can play an important role in the quality of the spectra. For these molecules ab initio calculations do not reach beyond the CASSCF level. The excited states are delocalized in these molecules and it is difficult to describe the same level of approximation the different types of states MLCT, LLCT, MC, LMCT ... In mostcases the functional B3LYP and PW91 give satisfactory results for the iridium complexes. The spin-orbit explosions electronic triplet states may be higher than 1500 cm-1 in complex with metal center 3rd row transition metals.

Absorção e Emissão de radiação eletromagnética por moléculas na região do UV-Vis fornece informações sobre os estados eletrônicos excitados, sendo propriedades de grande interesse devido a sua relação com processos biológicos, bem como suas possíveis aplicações em diagnósticos e tecnologia. Essas propriedades são sensíveis ao meio em que as moléculas se encontram, tornando-se assim natural a busca por métodos teóricos que possibilitam descrever essas interações. Neste trabalho, nós usamos a metodologia Sequential-Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics para estudar o espectro de absorção e de emissão de moléculas de relevância biológica, quando em solução. Simulações clássicas Monte Carlo foram usadas pra construir uma configuração eletrostática média do líquido para posterior cálculo das propriedades, feito através dos métodos multiconfiguracionais CASSCF e CASPT2. Cuidados especiais foram tomados para incluir a polarização eletrônica que o soluto sofre devido à presença do solvente. Nossa contribuição é a adaptação do método do Gradiente de Energia Livre para permitir a obtenção de geometrias de estados excitados do soluto em solução. A técnica foi implementada em um programa e aplicada com sucesso nos sistemas estudados. As perspectivas agora se abrem para a obtenção de intersecções cônicas em meio solvente, permitindo assim o estudo de decaimentos não-radiativos em sistemas solvatados. / Absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation by molecules in the UV-Vis region yields information about the electronic excited states, being properties of great interest due its relation with biological process, as well as its possible applications in diagnostics and technology. These properties are sensible to the environment in which the molecules are, making natural the search for theoretical methods that describe these interactions. In this work, we have used the Sequential-Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics methodology to study the spectrum of absorption and emission of molecules of biological relevance, when in solution. Classical Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to construct an average solvent electrostatic configuration and used to represent the liquid in posterior quantum mechanics calculation of the properties, performed by using the multiconfigurational methods CASSCF and CASPT2. Special cares were taken to include the electronic polarization of the solute due the solvent. Our contribution is the adaptation of the Free Energy Gradient method to allow the determination of the solute excited states geometries in solution. The method was implemented in a computer program and successfully applied in the systems studied. The perspectives are now open to the calculation of conical intersection in solvent environment, enabling the study of nonradioactive decays in solvated systems.

Les carbures et oxydes des métaux de transition sont d'une importance capitale dans le domaine industriel voir catalytique. Le carbure de tungstène WC a été identifié comme un bon substituant des métaux nobles tel que le platine dans le domaine catalytique. Le but de ce travail de thèse est d'appliquer des méthodes de chimie quantique les plus poussées pour déterminer la structure électronique, la stabilité et la nature de liaison chimique des diatomiques WC et WC2+. Notre recherche préliminaire est motivée par les données spectroscopiques disponibles sur W, W+, W2+, WC et WC2+. La méthodologie adoptée, CASSCF/MRCI/MRCI+Q/aug-cc-pV5Z(-PP) implémentée dans le code MOLPRO, consiste à réaliser des calculs quantique tenant en compte des effets de corrélation et relativistes avec un traitement spécifique du couplage spin−orbite pour la recherche des courbes d'énergie potentielle de l'état fondamental et des états excités de plus basses énergies de WCn+ (n=0-2) tout en utilisant une base suffisamment étendue. Les résultats de ce travail sont en bon accord avec ceux disponibles dans la littérature. En outre, dans ce travail nous avons confirmé pour la première fois que le carbure diatomique dicationique WC2+ est thermodynamiquement stable / Metal carbides and oxides are more interesting in catalytic and industrial domains. Tungsten carbide WC has been detected as serious substituent of platinum Pt catalytic. The ultimate goal of this thesis is theoretical studies of electronic structure, stability and the bound nature on WC, WO and its cations. Our preliminary research were motiving by the available spectroscopic data on W, W+, W2+, WC et WC2+. We used the methodology (CASSCF/MRCI/MRCI+Q/aug-cc-pV5Z(-PP)) implemented on MOLPRO package to perform quantum calculations with high accuracy taking into account the correlation and relativistic effects with a specific treatment of spin orbit coupling for some low lying excited electronic states of WCn+, (n=0, 1 et 2). Our results are shown in good agreement with those available in the literature. Furthermore, in this work for the first time we demonstrated that a carbide dication (WC2+) is thermodynamically stable

Absorção e Emissão de radiação eletromagnética por moléculas na região do UV-Vis fornece informações sobre os estados eletrônicos excitados, sendo propriedades de grande interesse devido a sua relação com processos biológicos, bem como suas possíveis aplicações em diagnósticos e tecnologia. Essas propriedades são sensíveis ao meio em que as moléculas se encontram, tornando-se assim natural a busca por métodos teóricos que possibilitam descrever essas interações. Neste trabalho, nós usamos a metodologia Sequential-Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics para estudar o espectro de absorção e de emissão de moléculas de relevância biológica, quando em solução. Simulações clássicas Monte Carlo foram usadas pra construir uma configuração eletrostática média do líquido para posterior cálculo das propriedades, feito através dos métodos multiconfiguracionais CASSCF e CASPT2. Cuidados especiais foram tomados para incluir a polarização eletrônica que o soluto sofre devido à presença do solvente. Nossa contribuição é a adaptação do método do Gradiente de Energia Livre para permitir a obtenção de geometrias de estados excitados do soluto em solução. A técnica foi implementada em um programa e aplicada com sucesso nos sistemas estudados. As perspectivas agora se abrem para a obtenção de intersecções cônicas em meio solvente, permitindo assim o estudo de decaimentos não-radiativos em sistemas solvatados. / Absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation by molecules in the UV-Vis region yields information about the electronic excited states, being properties of great interest due its relation with biological process, as well as its possible applications in diagnostics and technology. These properties are sensible to the environment in which the molecules are, making natural the search for theoretical methods that describe these interactions. In this work, we have used the Sequential-Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics methodology to study the spectrum of absorption and emission of molecules of biological relevance, when in solution. Classical Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to construct an average solvent electrostatic configuration and used to represent the liquid in posterior quantum mechanics calculation of the properties, performed by using the multiconfigurational methods CASSCF and CASPT2. Special cares were taken to include the electronic polarization of the solute due the solvent. Our contribution is the adaptation of the Free Energy Gradient method to allow the determination of the solute excited states geometries in solution. The method was implemented in a computer program and successfully applied in the systems studied. The perspectives are now open to the calculation of conical intersection in solvent environment, enabling the study of nonradioactive decays in solvated systems.

Les carbures et oxydes des métaux de transition sont d'une importance capitale dans le domaine industriel voir catalytique. Le carbure de tungstène WC a été identifié comme un bon substituant des métaux nobles tel que le platine dans le domaine catalytique. Le but de ce travail de thèse est d'appliquer des méthodes de chimie quantique les plus poussées pour déterminer la structure électronique, la stabilité et la nature de liaison chimique des diatomiques WC et WC2+. Notre recherche préliminaire est motivée par les données spectroscopiques disponibles sur W, W+, W2+, WC et WC2+. La méthodologie adoptée, CASSCF/MRCI/MRCI+Q/aug-cc-pV5Z(-PP) implémentée dans le code MOLPRO, consiste à réaliser des calculs quantique tenant en compte des effets de corrélation et relativistes avec un traitement spécifique du couplage spin−orbite pour la recherche des courbes d'énergie potentielle de l'état fondamental et des états excités de plus basses énergies de WCn+ (n=0-2) tout en utilisant une base suffisamment étendue. Les résultats de ce travail sont en bon accord avec ceux disponibles dans la littérature. En outre, dans ce travail nous avons confirmé pour la première fois que le carbure diatomique dicationique WC2+ est thermodynamiquement stable / Metal carbides and oxides are more interesting in catalytic and industrial domains. Tungsten carbide WC has been detected as serious substituent of platinum Pt catalytic. The ultimate goal of this thesis is theoretical studies of electronic structure, stability and the bound nature on WC, WO and its cations. Our preliminary research were motiving by the available spectroscopic data on W, W+, W2+, WC et WC2+. We used the methodology (CASSCF/MRCI/MRCI+Q/aug-cc-pV5Z(-PP)) implemented on MOLPRO package to perform quantum calculations with high accuracy taking into account the correlation and relativistic effects with a specific treatment of spin orbit coupling for some low lying excited electronic states of WCn+, (n=0, 1 et 2). Our results are shown in good agreement with those available in the literature. Furthermore, in this work for the first time we demonstrated that a carbide dication (WC2+) is thermodynamically stable

Les ions lanthanide sont employés avec succès pour la synthèse de molécules-aimants caractérisées par une relaxation lente du moment magnétique d’origine purement moléculaire. Ces propriétés sont principalement liées à la forte anisotropie intrinsèque de ces ions, ainsi qu’à leur moment magnétique intense. Dans le cas de complexes contenant plusieurs porteurs de spin (métaux 3d, 4f ou radicaux organiques), la proximité de ces centres peut induire entre ces derniers une interaction de couplage aussi appelée échange magnétique. La rationalisation de telles propriétés est notamment rendue possible par l’approche ab initio. / Lanthanide ions have been used successfully in the synthesis of single molecule magnets for more than a decade. This particular class of molecules shows slow relaxation of their magnetization from purely molecular origin. This property come mainly from the strong single ion anisotropy of these ions, and from their high magnetic moment. In the case of complexes with more than one spin carrier (3d, 4f metal or organic radical), coupling interactions can arise. These are called magnetic exchange. In this framework, ab initio calculations are a useful tool for magneto-structural correlations.

A l'aide de la spectroscopie par Résonance Paramagnétique Électronique (RPE), la détection des certaines espèces radicalaires à très faible durée de vie se fait par la méthode du spin-trapping. Cette technique permet de caractériser ces radicaux “libres” en les piégeant à l'aide d'une molécule diamagnétique (nitrone) pour donner naissance à une espèce paramagnétique persistante (adduit de spin), ayant un spectre RPE caractéristique du radical piégé. Le temps de demi-vie d'un adduit du spin est fortement corrélé à la nature de la nitrone et du radical piégé (alkyle, alcoxyle, alkylperoxyle, ...). Cependant, le lien entre la structure de l'adduit et sa durée de vie n'est toujours pas clairement établi. De ce fait, nous avons entrepris une étude théorique des réactions mises en jeu dans la disparition de l'adduit de spin résultant du piégeage de radicaux alkylperoxyle par des nitrones de type N-oxy-pyrroline. Plus précisément nous avons postulé un mécanisme de dégradation unimoléculaire en deux étapes. Étant donné la complexité des états de spin dans les composés considérés dans le profil réactionnel, nous avons effectué cette étude par l'approche ab initio multidéterminantale (CASSCF). Les calculs ab initio CASSCF en phase gazeuse sur une série d'adduits de spin nous ont permis de valider ce mécanisme de décomposition dans les solvants organiques et de mieux comprendre le lien entre la structure de l'adduit et sa durée de vie. / In the field of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, the detection of some radical species with a very short half-life time is possible using the spin-trapping method. This technique allows us to characterize transient radicals by trapping them with a diamagnetic molecule (nitrone for example) to give rise to a persistent paramagnetic species (spin-adduct), whose EPR spectrum is characteristic of the trapped radical. Half-life times are strongly correlated to the nature of the nitrone and the trapped radical (alkyl, alkoxyl, alkylperoxyl, ...). However, the link between the structure of the adduct and its half-life time is still not clear. Therefore, we carried out a theoretical study of the reactions involved in the decay of spin-adducts resulting from the trapping of alkylperoxyl radicals by pyrroline-N-oxide nitrones. More precisely, we were interested in the mechanism of the two-step unimolecular degradation. Given the difficulty to discribe the spin states in the considered compounds, we chose to rationalize this study by means of ab initio multireference approach (CASSCF). The ab initio CASSCF calculations of a series of nitroxides allowed to validate this mechanism in organic solvents and to better understand the relationship between the structure of the spin-adduct and its half-life time.