奧塔維亞•巴特勒《撒種的比喻》與《才幹的比喻》描述一個末日的反烏托邦世界。這兩本小說截取當今社會問題，讓我們對可預期的未來有所警惕。它們不僅提升我們對於現在社會問題的意識，同時不斷地注入並維持希望，為社會改變提供不同的解決方案。 做為批評式反烏托邦的現代文類，《比喻》系列小說透過融合末日小說文類，論述希望、烏托邦主義與生存之間的辯證關係。《比喻》系列小說藉由地球之種（Earthseed）的信念及其核心思想「改變即是上帝」（“God is Change”） 強調生存的重要性，並將生存進一步分為兩個層次：即時生存（immediate survival）及永續生存（lasting survival），而即時生存與永續生存之間亦存在一種辨證關係。本論文目的為探討《比喻》系列小說中的希望、烏托邦主義與生存在《比喻》系列中的互動，及它們之間獨特的辨證關係如何反映當今社會的處境與現代烏托邦文學的趨勢。 本論文分為五個章節：第一章將烏托邦定義為以社會改變為目的的思想及文類；第二章闡述烏托邦文學領域的發展，並將《比喻》系列定位為批判式反烏托邦，以建構希望、烏托邦主義與生存之間的辯證關係；第三章與第四章透過《比喻》系列的文本例證研究希望、烏托邦主義與生存之間的辯證關係如何運作，第三章探討《撒種的比喻》與即時生存，而第四章則探討《才幹的比喻》與永續生存；最後，第五章總結《比喻》系列所反映的當今社會局勢，從文本中發現希望、烏托邦主義與生存之間的辯證關係，並藉由這三者之間關係的理解，避免人類文明社會可能面臨的災難。 / Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents depict a postapocalyptic dystopian world, extrapolated from the problems of present day society to provide us with a warning of our conceivable future. They raise awareness of current social problems, while maintaining a locus of hope and providing possible alternatives for social change. In the contemporary genre of “critical dystopias,” the Parable series merges together with the genre of postapocalyptic fiction to demonstrate a dialectical relationship between hope, utopianism and survival. The importance of survival is emphasized in the Parables through the belief system of Earthseed and its core idea of “God is Change,” and can be further distinguished into two levels—immediate survival and lasting survival, which also exist in a dialectical relationship with each other. The aim of this thesis is to discuss how the concepts of hope, utopianism and survival interact in the Parables, and what this unique dialectical relationship reflects about contemporary literary utopias and the present. This thesis is divided into five chapters: Chapter One defines utopia through the function of social change; Chapter Two provides a brief overview of the development of the literary utopian genre and establishes the Parables as critical dystopias, a form that enables and constitutes the dialectical relationship of hope, utopianism and survival; Chapter Three and Four contain the textual analysis of how the dialectical relationship between hope, utopianism and survival functions in the Parables, with Chapter Three focusing on Parable of the Sower and immediate survival, and Chapter Four focusing on Parable of the Talents and lasting survival; finally, Chapter Five concludes with how the Parables relate to our present social conditions, and how understanding the dialectical relationship between hope, utopianism and survival may assist humanity’s effort to avert a major crisis.