Mainz, Univ., Diss., 2002. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Kiel, Universiẗat, Diss., 2000.

Mainz, University, Diss., 2002.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:07:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7898_1.pdf: 1546704 bytes, checksum: 88a7efbcc61db2eea06b2cd1e3e2466f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Neste trabalho o diagrama de fase e as propriedades críticas do modelo de Potts de q estados é investigado dentro de uma estrutura do grupo de renormalização do espaço real. O modelo é definido na rede hierárquica diamante de dimensão fractal arbitrária d e fator de escala b = 2. A transição de fase da fase paramagnética para a fase condensada foi observada para um certo conjunto de valores de (q; d). Para cada caso, a temperatura crítica é estimada através do método dos reservatórios, que num espaço de parâmetros apropriado, permite analisar o uxo da distribuição renormalizada. São consideradas quatro distribuições iniciais: Gaussiana, delta-bimodal, exponencial e uniforme. É observado que para q > 3, o uxo que evolui para o ponto-fixo da fase condensada, dentro deste espaço de parâmetros, é confinado (atrator) em uma região de temperatura muito baixa mas finita. A natureza deste atrator e a simetria da fase condensada correspondente não esclarecidas e deixada para ser estudada a posteriori. Contudo, para um valor fixo de número de estados de Potts q, a dimensão crítica inferior, acima da qual a transição é observada, é também calculada dentro desta metodologia. Os resultados indicam a existência de um valor de saturação para a dimensão crítica inferior quando q tende ao infinito. A magnetização local e a função dos pares de correlação do modelo são calculados usando uma metodologia, que engloba o esquema do grupo de renormalização no espaço real de Migdal-Kadano e um procedimento recursivo exato. Estes resultados permitem investigar a temperatura e o comportamento de escala do parâmetro de ordem e estimar os expoentes críticos associados com o parâmetro de ordem e com o comprimento de correlação para o modelo com q = 3 e d = 5. Um comportamento não universal com respeito a distribuição de probabilidade inicial é observado, como ocorrido para o caso vidro-de-spins de Ising (q = 2), indicando que a renormalização da distribuição evoluiria a uma distribuição de ponto-fixo definindo um genuíno ponto de sela governando a transição com expoentes universais com respeito as funções de distribuição iniciais

Abstract In this paper, we study the nature of phase transition of the two-dimensional six-state Potts model under the external random magnetic field. The six-state Potts model exist temperature-dependent first-order phase transition. When the external random field is applied, the nature of phase can be altered from first-order to second-order.By employing the Monte Carlo simulation method, we inspected the energy histogram and Binder parameter of the six-state Potts model under the external random magnetic field. According to our analyses, the evidences reveal that the phase transition does not change until the external magnetic field is greater then 0.02

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2017. / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T04:11:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 346926.pdf: 1821391 bytes, checksum: 81af002d19c65ac191c2ce450ea9ea21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Neste trabalho, é estudado o modelo de Potts unidimensional incluindo desordem, com interações ferromagnéticas decaindo com a distância r na forma 1/r1+s. Na primeira parte deste trabalho, tratamos este modelo dentro grupo de renormalização de campo médio para transições contínuas em q= 2 e q=3 estados sob diferentes valores de s; utilizando a expansão em primeira ordem na magnetização, foram obtidas estimativas para o acoplamento crítico e ambos os expoentes yt e yh. Estas estimativas são extrapoladas para o limite termodinâmico, usando os chamados processos de extrapolações BST e VBS. Além disso, o grupo de renormalização de campo médio estendido foi aplicado no caso homogêneo, permitindo obter os expoentes de campo de superfície yhs. Na segunda parte, simulações de Monte Carlo utilizando o algoritmo de Wolff modificado possibilitaram obter resultados numéricos sob diferentes tamanhos de redes. As análises dos dados foram feitas pelos métodos de histogramas simples e múltiplos, permitindo que o método de escala de tamanho finito fosse utilizado para a determinação dos expoentes críticos. Considerando diferentes valores de q e s, foi investigado o efeito de diluição nas interações de longo alcance; foi verificado que no modelo de 3 estados para s=0,5 no caso homogêneo o sistema exibe transição de primeira ordem, enquanto que a introdução de diluição leva o sistema para transição de segunda ordem. Para o modelo de 2 estados, os casos analisados de transição de segunda ordem, foram obtidos os expoentes críticos a, ß, ? e ? no caso homogêneo e diluído.<br> / Abstract : In this work, we study the one-dimensional Potts model includingdisorder, with ferromagnetic interactions decaying with distance r as1=r1+. In the first part of this work, we analyzed this model usingthe mean field renormalization group for continuous transitions inq = 2 and q = 3 states under different values of ; using the firstorder expansion in the magnetization, estimates were obtained for thecritical coupling and for both exponents yt and yh. These estimatesare extrapolated to the thermodynamic limit, using the so-called BSTand VBS extrapolation processes. In addition, the extend mean fieldrenormalization group was applied in the homogeneous case, in orderto obtain the surface field exponent yhs .In the second part, we performed Monte Carlo simulations, using themodified Wolff algorithm in order to obtain numerical results underdifferent lattice sizes. Data analysis was performed using simple andmultiple histograms methods, allowing the finite size scale methodto be used for the determination of critical exponents. Consideringdifferent values of q and , the dilution effect on the long rangeinteractions was investigate; it was verified that in the 3-state modelfor = 0:5, in the homogeneous case, the system exhibits a firstorder transition, while the introduction of dilution leads the systemto a continuous transition. For the 2-state model, the studied cases ofcontinuous transition, we obtain the critical exponents , , and for the homogeneous and for the diluted case.

Depuis la proposition en 2006 d’utiliser des nano aimants réalisés par des techniques top-down pour reproduire des « spins artificiels », l’étude des systèmes de spins artificiels a suscité un large intérêt. En effet la possibilité de pouvoir réaliser arbitrairement tous types de réseaux de spins artificiels et de pouvoir imager les configurations magnétiques de ceux-ci dans l’espace direct, offre un large terrain de jeu dans le domaine de la physique statistique. Jusqu’à présent seuls des réseaux de spins d’Ising, multi axes (réseaux kagomé ou carré avec une aimantation planaire) ou plus récemment uni axes (avec une anisotropie perpendiculaire), ont été étudiés. Cependant en physique statistique d’autres modèles de spins sont étudiés et notamment les modèles de Potts à q-états. Au cours de cette thèse nous avons étudié le cas d’un modèle de Potts à 4 états, ayant la particularité de posséder uniquement des interactions dipolaires entre les spins: le modèle de Potts dipolaire. Nous avons tout d’abord réalisé une étude théorique, montrant que sur un réseau carré, en fonction de l’angle entre les spins et ce réseau, le système possède des états fondamentaux très différents : un ordre antiferromagnétique, un ordre respectant les règles de la glace (2 in- 2 out) ou un ordre ferromagnétique. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons exposé l’étude expérimentale du modèle de Potts dipolaire. Des réseaux formés d’aimants carrés ayant 300 nm de côté ont été réalisés par lithographie électronique, à partir d’une couche épitaxiée de Fer possédant une anisotropie quadratique. A température ambiante, ces plots possèdent une configuration magnétique monodomaine pouvant prendre 4 directions équivalentes, comme recherché pour le modèle de Potts dipolaire à 4 états. Un passage à 350°C (inférieure à la température de Curie) sous champ nul permet d’activer thermiquement la réorientation des spins afin qu’ils se rapprochent de l’état fondamental de l’assemblée de spins. Les configurations magnétiques observées après recuit, à l’aide d’un microscope à force magnétique, montrent l’importance du couplage dipolaire sur les états obtenus, ainsi que l’influence de l’angle entre les spins et l’axe du réseau. Les différentes configurations prédites théoriquement sont bien observées / Since the proposal in 2006 to use nanomagnets patterned by top-down techniques to mimic "artificial spins", the studies of artificial spin systems has attracted wide interest. As a matter of facts, the possibility to design "upon request" arbitrary network and the possibility to determine completely the "spin" configuration with magnetic imaging offer a wide playground for statistical physics. Up to now only Ising spin systems, multi axes with planar magnetization (on square or Kagome lattice) or more recently, single axis with perpendicular anisotropy, have been studied. However, beyond Ising spins, statistical physics and condensed matter physics have shown the interest of other spin models like q-state Potts models. In this thesis, we introduce the dipolar 4-state Potts model. It is shown that on a square lattice, depending on the angle between spins and lattice, the system present very different properties like antiferromagnetic order, spin ice state (2 in-2 out ice rule) and even dipolar ferromagnetism. This model has been realized experimentally. 300 nm square magnets are patterned from a 2 nm thick Fe layer with cubic anisotropy. At room temperature, the magnets present a uniform state with 4 equivalent directions. Upon heating at 350 °C the magnets switch from one direction to another. It is therefore possible to simply drive the system toward its ground state. The magnetic configurations determined by magnetic force microscopy reveals the importance of the dipolar coupling as the different expected ground states (antiferromagnetic, spin ice and ferromagnetic) are indeed observed. It is noticeable that these very different properties are obtained with the same "spins" (magnetic elements) and same lattice

Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a cellular transformation process that is employed repeatedly and ubiquitously during vertebrate morphogenesis to build complex tissues and organs. Cellular transformations that occur during cancer cell invasion are phenotypically similar to developmental EMT, and involve the same molecular signalling pathways. EMT processes are diverse, but are characterised by: a loss of cell-cell adhesion; a gain in cell-matrix adhesion; an increase in cell motility; the secretion of proteases that degrade basement membrane proteins; an increased resistance to apoptosis; a loss of polarisation; increased production of extracellular matrix components; a change from a rounded to a fibroblastic morphology; and an invasive phenotype. This thesis focuses explicitly on endocardial EMT, which is the EMT that occurs during vertebrate embryonic heart development. The embryonic heart initially forms as a tube, with myocardium externally, endocardium internally, with these tissue layers separated by a thick extracellular matrix termed the cardiac jelly. Some of the endocardial cells in specific regions of the embryonic heart tube undergo EMT and invade the cardiac jelly. This causes cellularised swellings inside the embryonic heart tube termed the endocardial cushions. The emergence of the four chambered double pump heart of mammals involves a complex remodelling that the endocardial cushions play an active role in. Even while heart remodelling is taking place, the heart tube is operating as a single-circulation pump, and the endocardial cushions are performing a valve-like function that is critical to the survival of the embryo (Nomura-Kitabayashi et al. 2009). As the endocardial cushions grow and remodel, they become the valve leaflets of the foetal heart. The endocardial cushions also contribute tissue to the septa (walls) of the heart. Their correct formation is thus essential to the development of a fully functional, fully divided, double-pump system. It has been shown that genetic mutations that cause impaired endocardial EMT lead to the development of a range of congenital heart defects (Fischer et al. 2007). An extensive review is conducted of existing experimental investigations into endocardial EMT. The information extracted from this review is used to develop a multiscale conceptual model of endocardial EMT, including the major protein signalling pathways involved, and the cellular phenotypes that they induce or inhibit. After considering the requirements for computational simulations of EMT, and reviewing the various techniques and simulation packages available for multi-cell modelling, cellular Potts modelling is selected as having the most appropriate combination of features. The open source simulation platform Compucell3D is selected for model development, due to the flexibility, range of features provided and an existing implementation of multiscale models; that include subcellular models of reaction pathways. Based on the conceptual model of endocardial EMT, abstract computational simulations of key aspects are developed, in order to investigate qualitative behaviour under different simulated conditions. The abstract simulations include a 2D multiscale model of Notch signalling lateral induction, which is the mechanism by which the embryonic heart tube is patterned into cushion and non-cushion forming regions. Additionally, a 3D simulation is used to investigate the possible role of contact-inhibited mitosis, upregulated by the VEGF protein, in maintaining an epithelial phenotype. One particular in vitro investigation of endocardial EMT (Luna-Zurita et al. 2010) is used to develop quantitative simulations. The quantitative data used for fitting the simulations consist of cell shape metrics that are derived from simple processing of the imaging results. Single cell simulations are used to investigate the relationship between cell motility and cell shape in the cellular Potts model. The findings are then implemented in multi-cell models, in order to investigate the relationship between cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion, cell motility and cell shape during EMT.

Nous présentons quelques développements récents dans le domaine du modèle de Potts et du modèle O(N) bidimensionnels. Quelques mots clefs : Dualité des modèles de Potts couplés. Polynôme chromatique, nombres de Beraha. Polynôme de Tutte, diagramme de phase du modèle de Potts. Polymères compacts, coloriages de Tait, modèle de Flory pour la fusion d'une protéine, phase de Goldstone du modèle O(N). Couplage du modèle O(N) à la gravité quantique, méandres, noeuds, entrelacs. Modèle de Potts ferromagnétique désordonné, verre de jauge. Modèles de Potts couplés, théories conformes parafermioniques.

No description available.