Wind power is the most mature green energy source in electric power systems and is now a booming worldwide industry. The use of wind power is growing rapidly throughout the world to reduce environmental degradation. Due to global environmental concerns and public awareness, many power utilities around the world are considering wind energy as a substitute for conventional generation. Many governments already have energy plans and policies in place to ensure significantincrease in power generation using wind energy within designated time periods. The wind is variable, site specific and is an intermittent source of energy. It is therefore a complex task to analyze generating system capacity adequacy considering wind energy. The growing application of wind power dictates the need to develop methods to evaluate the system reliability and the capacity value of wind power. Wind is generally considered to be a source of energy, rather than a power source. It is equally important however, to consider the capacity credit of wind power as its penetration increases in electric power systems. It is very important for both electric power utilities and wind power developers to accurately assess wind capacity credit and therefore it is necessary to study and develop different methodologies for performing this task. The research presented in this thesis examines a range of methods used for the evaluation of wind capacity credit using data from four wind sites in Saskatchewan. The techniques, methods and results presented in this thesis should prove to be valuable for system planners assessing generating capacity adequacy evaluation incorporating wind energy.

Wind power is the most mature green energy source in electric power systems and is now a booming worldwide industry. The use of wind power is growing rapidly throughout the world to reduce environmental degradation. Due to global environmental concerns and public awareness, many power utilities around the world are considering wind energy as a substitute for conventional generation. Many governments already have energy plans and policies in place to ensure significantincrease in power generation using wind energy within designated time periods. The wind is variable, site specific and is an intermittent source of energy. It is therefore a complex task to analyze generating system capacity adequacy considering wind energy. The growing application of wind power dictates the need to develop methods to evaluate the system reliability and the capacity value of wind power. Wind is generally considered to be a source of energy, rather than a power source. It is equally important however, to consider the capacity credit of wind power as its penetration increases in electric power systems. It is very important for both electric power utilities and wind power developers to accurately assess wind capacity credit and therefore it is necessary to study and develop different methodologies for performing this task. The research presented in this thesis examines a range of methods used for the evaluation of wind capacity credit using data from four wind sites in Saskatchewan. The techniques, methods and results presented in this thesis should prove to be valuable for system planners assessing generating capacity adequacy evaluation incorporating wind energy.

Aktualumas. Kelio sąnario skausmas yra dažna aktyviai gyvenančių vyrų ir moterų problema. Neretai skausmo priežasties nepavyksta nustatyti, tačiau dėl raumenų silpnumo ir kojų asimetrijos biomechanikos pokyčių skausmai yra dažnesni. Todėl šiame darbe iškėlėme hipotezę, kad po kineziterapijos padidės blauzdos lenkiamųjų ir tiesiamųjų raumenų jėga, sumažės kojų raumenų asimetrija bei išnyks kelio sąnario skausmas. Darbo tikslas — nustatyti blauzdos tiesiamųjų ir lenkiamųjų raumenų jėgos pokyčius taikant KT sportuojantiesiems ir nesportuojantiesiems. Buvo atliktas tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo 29 tiriamieji: 15 sportuojančių asmenų (3 vyrai ir 12 moterų, amžiaus vidurkis 24,1±3,7 metai) ir 14 nesportuojančių asmenų (4 vyrai ir 10 moterų, amžiaus vidurkis 26,5±6,5 metai). Kineziterapija buvo atliekama Lietuvos Olimpiniame Sporto Centre (LOSC) masažo kabinete. Biodex Medikai System (Biodex Medikai System 3 PRO Sertifikuota ISO 9001 EN 46001) aparatūra buvo registruojama raumenų jėga, kai kampinis greitis buvo 60 l/s, 180 l/s ir 360 l/s. Buvo vertinta kairės ir dešinės blauzdos lenkiamujų ir tiesiamųjų raumenų maksimali jėga, galingumas ir maksimali jėga atitinkanti kūno masę. Gauti duomenys parodė, kad didžiausia raumenų jėga pasiekiama tada, kai sportuojančiųjų ir nesportuojančiųjų kampinis greitis yra mažiausias — 60 l/s. Sportuojančiųjų ir nesportuojančiųjų blauzdos tiesiamieji raumenys yra stipresni už lenkiamuosius esant visiems trims kampiniams greičiams. Kineziterapija labiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Actuality. The problem of the knee joint pain is frequent among women as well as men who lead an active way of life. Unfortunately, causative factors are difficult to state although muscle weaknesses, asymmetry, biomechanical changes with leg pain are frequent. The hypothesis of this work is that due to physical therapy the power of shin flexion and extension increases while their asymmetry decreases and the knee joint pain disappears. The aim of the work is to define the shin flexion and extension muscle power changes while put up into physical therapy among those who are both sport active and sport passive ones. The research work with 29 participants was done; 15 of them were sport active (3 men and 12 women, the average age of them was 24, 1=3,7years old) the rest 14 sport passive ones (4 men and 10 women, the average age of them was 26, 5= 6, 5 years old). Physical therapy exercises took place at Lithuanian Sport Centre in the massage room. The Biodex Medical System (Biodex Medical System 3PRO Certificated ISO 9001 EN 46001) was registered under the power of 60 l/s, 180 l/s and 360 l/s corner speed. The left and the right shin flexion and extension maximal power of participants were evaluated in comparison with their maximal body mass power. The final results reveal that the strongest power is reached under the low 60 l/s corner speed among people who are sport active as well as sport passive. Physical therapy strengthens more shin flexion muscles among sport active... [to full text]

With the transport sector switching to electric energy to reduce greenhouse gas emission, the supply and demand in the energy system are impacted by this transition. Meanwhile, there are not a lot of studies focus on the electrification of the vehicle fleet in Sweden. To fill up the knowledge gap, the paper aims to identify the total required electrical energy and power for the electrification of the vehicle fleet in Sweden. This includes switching passenger vehicles, light and heavy trucks, and buses to battery electric vehicles. An Electric Vehicle Power Demand Model is designed to answer the research question. It is a simplified model that can calculate energy consumption and power demand from an electric vehicle fleet. To simulate the charging schedule, four scenarios are created with differences in charge speed and the use of smart or unregulated charging. Based on the model, the electric vehicle fleet consumes 20.4 TWh of electricity per year, accounting for 14.7% of total demand in Sweden. Combing the vehicle fleet with other energy services, an average hourly peak load of 16.2 GW in summer and 24.3 in winter can be seen, while the available capacity in Sweden is around 27.1. The result indicates that the current Swedish energy system is capable of handling demand from charging the electric vehicle fleet in terms of power capacity for most times. However, undersupply may happen in some extreme condition during the winter due to higher consumption from other energy services. Furthermore, with the increasing share of renewable power in the system, the availability of these power plants can have a direct impact on the supply. This requires smart charging to shift the charging events to prevent peak hours, which can potentially decrease the peak loads up to 2 GW in EV charging demand during peak hours. However, the actual effect of it still requires more study. Lastly, the model created for the research can be used as a research or decision-making tool to estimate the impact of a group of electric vehicles in the future, therefore, contribute to the development of the sustainable energy transition.

Diplomová práce pojednává o výrobě elektrické energie větrnými elektrárnami a jejím vlivu na napěťovou stabilitu v synchronně propojené elektrizační soustavě kontinentální Evropy. Úvod práce je obecně zaměřen na problematiku větrné energetiky se zaměřením na nejčastěji používané generátory pro větrné turbíny. V další části práce je proveden rozbor instalované kapacity větrných elektráren v zemích synchronně propojené elektrizační soustavy kontinentální Evropy a jsou představeny scénáře růstu větrné energetiky do budoucna. V rámci těchto zemí je také zařazen přehled potenciálu větrné energie na pevnině a na moři. Dále je práce zaměřená na napěťovou stabilitu, kde je pojednáno o kompenzačních prostředcích a možnostech regulace napětí. Závěr teoretické části je věnován možnostem předpovědi počasí a dopadu změn počasí na výrobu elektrické energie. V praktické části diplomové práce byla provedena simulace plánované větrné farmy a sledování jejího vlivu na napěťovou stabilitu v konkrétní části přenosové soustavy.