The thesis is focused on development of scanning probe microscope systems, especially development and implementation of quartz resonator probes. The quartz resonator probes, compared to the standard silicon cantilevers, have several advantages. It is in particular their mechanical properties and possibility of direct electrical readout of the deflection signal. Due to the fact, the probes are easy to implement even into more complex SPM systems. The thesis deals with development of universal and open SPM control system electronics. The electronics consist of the commercial SPM control and oscillation units, the development of the other electronic parts (such as the high voltage amplifier and the preamplifier units) is described in the thesis. Further, the thesis reports on development of the qPlus UHV LT SPM microscope system that was carried out at Universität Hamburg. Part of it was development of the qPlus preamplifier able to operate at liquid helium temperature. The third topic of the thesis is the implementation of qPlus technology into the UHV VT SPM microscope suitable to operate in situ with a scanning electron microscope. The qPlus sensors and the universal UHV preamplifier were designed and manufactured. Test measurements were conducted on all of the developed systems.

The theme of the master´s thesis is design a microphone preamplifier which uses vacuum tube as a main amplifying element. Part of the work is theoretical assumptions for the optimal design and implementation of peripheral involvement, comparing the properties of components used and the resulting parameters of modeled device. The thesis also includes a proposal of the source unit for supplying all parts of the preamplifier. The results are accompanied by circuit simulations and laboratory measurements of the main parameters of the designed device.

The theme of the master´s thesis is design a microphone preamplifier which uses vacuum tube as a main amplifying element. Part of the work is theoretical assumptions for the optimal design and implementation of peripheral involvement, comparing the properties of components used and the resulting parameters of modeled device. The thesis also includes a proposal of the source unit for supplying all parts of the preamplifier. The results are accompanied by circuit simulations and laboratory measurements of the main parameters of the designed device.

Cette thèse est la R&D de l’électronique de front-end destinée à la camera de deuxième génération du télescope de grande taille LST de projet CTA, étant basée sur les détecteurs de type SiPM. Cette étude rassemble des équipes du LAPP, de l’université de Padoue, de l’INFN et du MPI de Munich. La première partie de cette thèse porte sur les tests de caractérisations d’une matrice de 16 SiPMs fabriquée par Hamamatsu. Les résultats de ces tests ont souligné les avantages qui pourraient être apportés par l’utilisation de tels détecteurs. Un cahier des charges pour l’électronique a été défini à l’issue de ces tests. Notamment, une nécessité de corriger la dispersion en gain entre les 16 pixels qui a été trouvée d’environ 10%. La seconde partie est la conception d’un circuit intégré (ASIC) qui pourrait lire les signaux des pixels -SiPM avec la moindre perturbation possible de fonctionnement du détecteur. Cet ASIC inclut des fonctions de contrôle (slow control) qui permettent l’ajustement de gain des pixels, l’amélioration de l’uniformité de gain et la possibilité de supprimer les canaux bruyants ou encore même le contournement du processus de contrôle de gain. Ces fonctionnalités peuvent unifier le gain de 16 canaux. Les sorties des 16 canaux seront sommées pour en faire deux signaux seulement à la sortie de l’ASIC. Ces deux signaux, un sur le haut gain et l’autre sur le bas gain seront fournis au système d’acquisition qui suivra l’ASIC. Une fonction de déclenchement génèrera un signal de trigger qui sera ainsi transmis au système d’acquisition. Cet ASIC a été réalisée avec la technologie AMS 0.35um BiCMOS. Les simulations ont montré une gamme dynamique linéairement couverte jusqu’à 2000 photoélectrons et la possibilité de mesurer le photoélectron unique grâce au bon rapport signal sur bruit électronique. Les tests au laboratoire confirment une grande partie de ces résultats. / This thesis is the R&D on front-end electronics for a second generation camera based on the SiPM detectors for the Large Size Telescope (LST) of the CTA project. It is a part of the SiPM collaboration involving the LAPP, the University of Padua, the INFN and the MPI in Munich. The first part of the thesis is the characterization of an array of 16 SiPMs from Hamamatsu. The study proves the advantages of using such detectors in the LST. It defines the specifications of the readout electronics that are the aim of this work. Especially that it should ameliorate the gain dispersion of the 16 pixels that was found of about 10%. The second part is the design of the readout ASIC. The scheme tends to measure the SiPMs’ signals with minimum disturbance of the detector. It integrates slow control facilities that adjust the detector’s gain, minimize the dispersion in gain and provide the possibility of deleting noisy channels or even completely jumping over the control process. These facilities could perfectly get rid of the gain dispersion. Outputs of the 16 pixels will be summed on both high gain and low gain so that only two signals are delivered to the acquisition system that follows. A trigger function will also generate a trigger signal to the acquisition system. The choice was made to realize this ASIC according to the rules of the AMS 0.35um BiCMOS technology. Simulation shows a linearly-covered dynamic range up to 2000 photoelectrons with good signal to noise ratio that allows the measurement of the single photoelectron. Laboratory tests confirm a great part of these results.

The theme of the master´s thesis is design a microphone preamplifier which uses vacuum tube as a main amplifying element. Part of the work is theoretical assumptions for the optimal design and implementation of peripheral involvement, comparing the properties of components used and the resulting parameters of modeled device. The thesis also includes a proposal of the source unit for supplying all parts of the preamplifier. The results are accompanied by circuit simulations and laboratory measurements of the main parameters of the designed device.

L’objectif de la présente thèse est d’évaluer les performances des micro-antennes, en cas d’emploi en spectroscopie in vivo et de prévoir les éventuelles améliorations, tout en respectant les contraintes en termes d’encombrement et de biocompatibilité imposées par des applications cérébrales sur modèle animal. Par conséquent, dans ce travail, il fallait également évaluer la sensibilité tout en comprenant le fonctionnement particulier de ces micro-capteurs, points qui n’avaient pas encore été explorés. Ce document est organisé en cinq chapitres, le Premier est un aperçu sur la situation du sujet par rapport à l’existant et un rappel technique sur les travaux déjà effectués en matière de réalisation et en rapport avec les différents métabolites «cibles». Le Chapitre II présente les développements instrumentaux entrepris en vue de l’amélioration des conditions de détection: optimisation de l’adaptation en puissance et de l’adaptation en bruit à l’entrée du spectromètre prise aussi en considération. La difficulté du maintien du modèle dans un espace restreint est solutionnée en proposant différents montages de réglages déportés. L’introduction d’un préamplificateur à faible bruit est également étudiée et réalisée sur la micro-antenne et une antenne de surface fait maison. La question importante de la limite de détection est abordée sous un angle théorique et expérimental dans le Chapitre III. L’intérêt de cette analyse est l’évaluation des performances de la micro-antenne, on verra que cette nouvelle notion permet également de qualifier une installation de spectroscopie (capteur associé à un spectromètre pour une expérience donnée). Une étude d’amélioration apportée sur la limite de détection (LOD) par la technique de pondération sera traitée et validée sur des acquisitions spectroscopiques. Le Chapitre IV est destinée dans un première partie, à travers les modélisations, à discuter les variations de la limite de détection pour certains changements structurels (la dimension et le positionnement de la micro-bobine). Dans la deuxième partie, une mise en application de la limite de détection, à travers les expériences spectroscopiques sera présentée dans le but de comparer les performances de capteurs existants: principalement une antenne commerciale, la micro-antenne et une antenne fait maison. La question de la biocompatibilité de ces microantennes implantables est traitée dans le Chapitre V. La réalisation de cette étude a été effectuée en amont des travaux théoriques et instrumentaux et a permis leurs développements avec une démarche plus pragmatique / The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the micro-coil performance, in spectroscopy in vivo and provide any improvements, while respecting the constraints in terms of obstruction and biocompatibility imposed by applications on brain of animal models. Therefore, this work had also to assess the sensitivity understanding of these particular micro-sensors, a notion that has not yet been explored. This document is organized into five chapters: the first one is an "overview" of state of art techniques and a reminder of the work already done in terms of production and in relation to different metabolite "targets". Chapter II presents the instrumental developments undertaken to improve the detection: optimization of adaptation in power and noise matching at the spectrometer input, were also taken into account. The difficulty of maintaining the animal model in a reduced space is solved by providing different configurations of remote settings. The introduction of a low-noise preamplifier is also studied and implemented. The important question of the limit of detection is approached from a theoretical point of view in Chapter III. The interest of this analysis is to assess the performance of micro-coil, we will point out that this new concept enables to describe a spectroscopy facility (sensor associated with a spectrometer for a given experiment). A study of enhancement of the limit of detection by the apodization technique will be addressed and validated on spectroscopy acquisitions. Chapter IV is an implementation in the first part, through modelling, to discuss changes in the limit of detection for some structural changes (size and positioning of the micro-coil). In the second part, an implementation of the limit of detection through spectroscopic experiments will be presented in order to compare the performance of existing coils: a commercial coil and a micro-coil. The biocompatibility of implantable micro-coil treated in Chapter V. The completion of this study was carried out upstream of the theoretical and instrumental aspects in chapter III and IV and that helped their development with a more pragmatic approach

This master´s thesis deals with a design and simulation of an audio power phono amplifier using vakuum tubes. The frequency response of suggested solution should comply with the norm specified by RIAA. It also describes a vacuum tube basic description and also its advantages for audio applications and principle of usage a magnetodynamic pick-up. Last part contains a design of microprocessor system and power supply.

The main task of this master’s thesis is to create an interactive computer programme for the design of small and medium television cable circuits. The first part of this document describes main conceptions of a modification and a distribution of television signals. There are also introduced basic topologies of small and medium sized distribution networks, some passive and active elements in the circuit including their usage. There is also described an algorithm for calculation of circuit’s values. The second part contains a detailed description of created programme with all of its functions. A part of this document is made by a sample calculation of the four variants of circuit and its comparison with computer calculation. In suplement are included selected parts of source code.

This master's thesis deals with design of D class audio final amplifier, which was output power 400 W for 4 ? load impedance. Designed audio amplifier is specifical for active speaker, which consists of satelite speakers and subwoofer. Further more it deals also with other functional blocks, e.g. balanced input preamplifier, active crossover and protection for safety running. Outcome of this work are schemes of each functional blocks of D class audio amplifier, whose functionality was verified by simulation. Thesis also contains full reference material including mechanical arrangement of functional blocks on printed connection board. The conclusion contains the measured parameters of function blocks of produced prototype and complete photographic documentation.

The aim of this work is the design and implementation of a sound level meter for emdedded systems. It is designed sound level meter sensor. This sensor includes a microphone, microphone preamplifier and ADC. This sensor is connected to a development kit STM32F4 Discovery, where sound is processed. It is processed filtration, time weighting, calculation of sound leve and loudness weighting. The sound level is then sent via the serial communication USART. This thesis includes a theoretical analysis of noise and its human perceptions. It also describes the development platform used.