Resumo: Um dos fatores mais críticos na determinação do número de dias trabalháveis com máquinas agrícolas se refere à determinação das condições do solo que forneçam informações para a decisão se o tráfego de máquinas em uma determinada gleba poderá ser realizado sem provocar alterações nas suas propriedades físicas e dinâmicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivos o desenvolvimento e avaliação de equipamentos e metodologia para a determinação de parâmetros físicos do solo relacionados a dias trabalháveis com máquinas agrícolas, com ênfase nas características do conjunto trator-implemento e na pressão máxima aplicável ao solo sem que este sofra compactação adicional. Foi construído um equipamento hidráulico-eletrônico para realização de determinações físicas de solo em campo, o qual se mostrou eficiente para a finalidade a que foi proposto. O modelo para a determinação da pressão de contato pneu-solo, foi desenvolvido com base nas características do rodado, obtidas pelo seu coeficiente de deformação e pela sua largura relativa, e nas características de recalque do solo, representadas pelos coeficientes kc(módulo de deformação devido à coesão do solo), k (módulo de deformação devido ao atrito interno do solo) e n( constante de deformação do solo). A pressão máxima exercida pelo rodado no solo, antes que houvesse uma compactação adicional, foi caracterizada pela pressão de preconsolidação. Para tanto, construiu-se uma prensa, de acionamento pneumático e aquisição eletrônica de dados, para a realização dos ensaios de compressão uniaxial. Realizou-se um ensaio de campo com delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos, representados pelo tráfego de um trator um, dois, quatro e seis dias após uma chuva, em quatro repetições... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Decision information about machinery traffic in a certain plot is one of the most critical factors to obtain the number of agricultural machine workdays. The soil conditions is the indicator if the machinery traffic will promote significantly physical and dynamic property changes. This work aimed to develop and evaluate equipments and methodology to obtain soil physical parameters related to agricultural machine workdays, with emphasis on tractor-implement set characteristics and maximum pressure on soil that do not increase this compaction situation. A hydraulic-electronic equipment was built for accomplishment of soil physical determinations, showing efficiency and versatility when used on field. The tire-soil contact pressure model was developed based on wheel and sinkage characteristics, the first one represented by their deformation coefficient and relative width, and the other by kc, k and n coefficients. The maximum wheel pressure on soil, before additional compaction, was characterized by its previous consolidation (preconsolidation) pressure. A pneumatic and electronic consolidometer was built, for uniaxial compression tests. A field research was done using a random block experimental design with four treatments, represented by the tractor traffic, number of days after a rain (1, 2, 4 and 6), with four repetitions. The obtained results, under this research conditions, evidenced that the developed methodology allowed to obtain soil physical parameters that can be used on forecast and soil trafficability monitoring and, finally, incorporated on agroclimatic models used to determine the number of agricultural machine workdays. It was observed increments of 25%, 19% and 15% on soil bulk density, respectively, for one, two, and four days after the rain traffic conditions and no statistical significant increment for six days after the rain... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Orientador: Kléber Pereira Lanças / Coorientador: Dinival Martins / Banca: Sérgio Hugo Benez / Banca: Gastão Moraes da Silveira / Banca: Moacir de Souza Dias Junior / Banca: Celio Losnak / Doutor

The undrained shear strength and preconsolidation pressure are key parameters in describing the characteristics of soft clays. The two parameters both reflect the clay’s structure and state of stress, and hence empirical correlations for undrained shear strength normalized with respect to preconsolidation pressure are widely used to assess soil behavior. The empirical correlations given in the literature are typically dependent on liquid limit, or plasticity index, but some studies have questioned the dependency and proposed correlations constant for consistency limits. Data from geotechnical projects often display a considerable scatter and deviate from established empirical correlations. In this thesis, statistical analyses are performed and evaluated qualitatively on direct simple shear, constant rate of strain and fall cone test data from 146 sampling points with a total of 596 soil samples from Stockholm, Gothenburg and Uppsala. The aim is to investigate the correlation between shear strength and the preconsolidation pressure. The thesis evaluates the normalized shear strength’s dependency on liquid limit, how the data corresponds to Hansbo’s (1957) and Swedish Geotechnical Institute’s (2007) linear empirical correlations, and the correction factor applied to shear strength measured by the fall cone test. The results of the study show that the correction factor typically reduces the shear strength from fall cone tests too much with respect to shear strength from direct simple shear tests. The normalized shear strength’s dependency on liquid limit may be rejected for the fall cone test data. The results for direct simple shear test data however, indicates a correlation with liquid limit. The data scatter is considerable, especially for fall cone test data, and the relevance of describing the normalized shear strength from fall cone test with a linear empirical correlation to liquid limit may conclusively be questioned. / Skjuvhållfasthet och förkonsolideringstryck är två viktiga jordparametrar för lösa leror. Båda parametrar reflekterar lerans struktur och spänningstillstånd, och empiriska korrelationer för odränerad skjuvhållfasthet, normaliserad mot förkonsolideringstrycket, används därför ofta för att bedöma en leras egenskaper. De empiriska korrelationerna är vanligen kopplade till flytgräns eller plasticitetsindex. Dessa korrelationer har däremot ifrågasatts av studier som i vissa fall istället föreslagit ett konstant förhållande mellan normaliserad odränerad skjuvhållfasthet och plasticitetsgränser. Mätvärden från geotekniska projekt i Sverige visar allmänt stor spridning avseende dessa parametrar och data avviker ofta från etablerade empiriska korrelationer. I examensarbetet har data från direkta skjuvförsök, ödometerförsök och fallkonförsök utvärderats statistiskt och kvalitativt. Totalt omfattar studien 596 jordprover från 146 provtagningspunkter från Stockholm, Göteborg och Uppsala. Syftet med studien är att undersöka korrelationen mellan odränerad skjuvhållfasthet och förkonsolideringstryck. Studien behandlar den normaliserade skjuvhållfashetens flytgränsberoende, Hansbos (1957) och Statens Geotekniska Instituts (2007) empiriska korrelationer, samt den korrektionsfaktor som ska tillämpas på skjuvhållfastheter från fallkonförsök. Resultatet visar att korrektionsfaktorn reducerar skjuvhållfastheten för mycket och att korrigerade skjuvhållfastheter är i sämre samstämmighet med skjuvhållfastheter från direkta skjuvförsök än okorrigerade. Data från fallkonförsök uppvisar inget tydligt flytgränsberoende, medan resultaten från direkta skjuvförsök indikerar ett beroende. Spridningen i data är dock påfallande, särskilt för fallkonförsöket. Relevansen i att tillämpa en linjär empirisk korrelation för odränerad normaliserad från fallkonförsök mot förkonsolideringstryck beroende av flytgräns bör ifrågasättas.