This thesis investigates a content of preconceptions in the area of biology in the pupils of classes 6 and 8 at basic schools, respectively as well as the pupils of the same age at grammar-schools. Two crucial educational topics have been chosen for the research, of preconceptions, namely the photosynthesis and digestion. Preconceptions of the groups of informants of the same age and their accord with the expected target knowledge were analysed and compared.

This thesis deals with the diagnosis and eventually evaluating certain preconcepts in the area of technical and media education of 4th and 5th grade pupils of primary school. The theoretical part is dedicated to the issue, related to the topic. Constructivism and its didactics is included, also the role of teacher in this type of education, concept of student curriculum and concepts of teaching and learning. We also mention technical and media education and its concepts in educational framework. The practical part is focused on a particular preconcepts and their subjective perception of pupils at primary school. For the research questionnaires were used to detect the cognitive and affective level. For better understanding of cognitive level mental maps were used. The pupils of primary schools in ČB took part in the research, epsecially the pupils of the primary schools Kubatova, Dukelská and Rožnov.

This diploma thesis deals with problems and diagnostics of selected preconcepts of technical education. The theoretical part concerns several thematic units which are connected with the problems of constructivism, pre-conceps and technical education at primary school. The practical part investigates current standard of integration of pre-concepts by means of a questionaire (which contains unfinished sentences and assessing scales) and cognitive maps. Pupils of 4th and 5th classes of primary schools in České Budějovice and Soběslav participated in the research. The acquired data of pre-concepts and its integration were processed from the qualitative as well as quantitative point of view in the sphere of technical education.

The thesis is focused on diagnosing selected pre-concepts (raw materials, plasticines, textile materials, energy, technology) within the pupils of the 4th and 5th class at a primary school and it is trying to propose a new teaching strategy of Practical skills so the teaching can get more effective. The theoretical part is focused on education, different types of learning methods, teacher{\crq}s role, pre-concept characteristics and diagnosis of those pre-concepts in the Framing educational program. In the practical part there are results of the research and its conclusions.

Annotation The diploma thesis focuses on problems and diagnostics of selected pre-concepts of technical education. The theoretical part is divided into several thematic units relating to constructivism, pre-concepts and technical education at primary school. In the practical part there are investigated affective and cognitive level of selected pre-concepts by questionnaire. Afterwards it was evaluated standard of integration of one pre-concept where the cognitive maps were used. The respondents were the pupils of 4. and 5. classes of primary school ZŠ Grünwaldova in České Budějovice.

This diploma thesis deals with the issues and the diagnostics of preconceptions relating to technical education. The theory is focused on the process of learning, constructivist pedagogy, content of technical education for the first grade of primary schools and methods of data collection in educational research. In the practical part investigates grades of integration of preconceptions using questionnaires and cognitive maps. In the practical section provides information about the performed research, processing results and the conclusions drawn from them. The respondents were pupils of 4th and 5th grade of elementary school Nuselská in Havlíčkův Brod.

The thesis focuses on problems and diagnosis selected preconceptions TechnicalEducation. In the theoretical part was approached theory of constuctivism, pupil concept of curriculum, preconceptions, Data collection methods and content oftechnicaleducation on the primary school. Practical part represents the rate for structuring preconceptions usingquestionnaires and cognitive maps. The practical part provides information mation about the research, processing the results and subsequent conclusions drawn. The questionnaires were students 4. and 5. class Králův Dvůr.

The graduation thesis is concerned with problems of chosen preconceptions from technical and scientific education. In the theoretic part the attention is focused on the topics related to the educational problems, constructivism, preconceptions, technical and scientific education in basic schools. Degree of structuralization of preconcepts was investigated by questionnaires in the investigative part. Unfinished sentences, assessment scales and cognitive maps are contained in these questionnaires. Into the investigative sample there were included pupils of fourth and fifth grade of the basic schools in cities Libáň and Jičín. Data about preconceptions and their structuralization were found out, processed and evaluated by the mentioned methods above (questionnaires and cognitive maps). These observed results are intended for quantitative and qualitative areas from technical and scientific education.

The theoretical part assembles methodological starting points for the research - the content and meaning of curricula documents for science education; the contemporary scientific knowledge about selected molecularly biological topics taught at secondary schools; the characteristics of student preconceptions and misconceptions, their diagnosis and importance. The practical part contains the setting of research problems and aims related to their object, presented as the content analysis of curriculum and the teaching methods concerning molecularly biological topics at a selected secondary school; the diagnosis of preconceptions regarding the term "nucleic acids" with pupils (first, third and fourth grade) studying at a selected secondary school (ninety- five respondents) that served to the determination of overall character of stated preconception (genesis, modification and conceptual change during the study at a secondary school). The incorporation of new laboratory exercises with the topic of nucleic acids to the education in the fourth grade and the assessment of their impact on the shape of the preconception has been also the part of the project. The evaluation was done by comparing of success in solving the tasks involved in the didactic test for pupils in the first and third grade and pupils...