Health financing policies implemented by nations around the world vary based on who receives coverage and what health system resources are covered. Although, many health systems are attempting to move towards Universal Health Coverage, part of their populations continue to incur out-of-pocket payments for using all or some health services. Some health systems restrict health insurance for certain migrant populations, providing coverage for emergency care only, or none at all. Other health systems fail to provide coverage for prescription drugs, leaving those without the ability to pay out-of-pocket for medications behind. The lack of financial protections against catastrophic or impoverishing healthcare expenditures for these patients may deter them from seeking the care they need or increase the risk of severe financial hardships. This dissertation addresses these migrant and drug coverage gaps by examining the impacts of health financing policies and how these can be changed to move health systems towards Universal Health Coverage. First, this dissertation examines restrictions to refugee health policy in Canada by conducting an interpretive policy analysis to reveal how political actors strategically use causal stories to enact policy change. Second, quantitative studies assessing the effects of health insurance on migrants’ health-related outcomes are systematically reviewed. Third, this dissertation explores a provincial health system without universal prescription drug coverage to establish associations between health services use, prescription drug coverage and immigrant category. Finally, given migrants experience health outcome and health services utilization disparities, an exploratory analysis of factors that impede or assist migrants’ access to prescription drugs is conducted to uncover how these factors influence their health. While each study is distinct, together, these chapters build on each other using mixed methodological approaches to identify ways that address health financing policy gaps to reduce health inequities, build inclusive and cost-effective health systems and strengthen global health security. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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