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To achieve multiple learning objectives, the ideal preschool activity center should promote development across all domains, from adaptive to social-communicative. Though early childhood practitioners describe the sensory table as capable of doing so, empirical accounts stand in stark contrast and suggest that it is a non-social functional activity. The intent of the present investigation was to reconcile this distinct dichotomy through the systematic manipulation of four sensory table substances (sand, soil, rocks, and water) and provision sets that differed in realism to determine their effect on preschoolers' free play behavior. Preschoolers' play forms and social participation were observed at the sensory table as they used a novel surface, which was introduced weekly without repetition, and either a set of minimally structured objects or realistic toys. Preschoolers' play and social participation were indeed influenced by the arrangement of the table. The sand, water, and provision sets yielded the most salient effects. Sand pulled for more sophisticated cognitive and social play forms while water pulled for more rudimentary ones. Regarding provision sets, the highly structured toys pulled for the most mature cognitive play form while the minimally structured toys pulled for the most sophisticated social context. The highly structured toys, with realism that lent to specific themes, appear to have functioned as a thematic anchor and cultivated a greater occurrence of dramatic play as compared to the minimally structured objects, which pulled for more functional play. Conversely, the minimally structured toy set, containing objects that loosely represented realistic objects and/or were capable of multiple functions, fostered a greater amount of socialization through parallel, social, and social-constructive play. Aside from its motoric and adaptive value, findings from this investigation suggest that under certain ecological conditions the sensory table fosters the development of cognitive and social skills. Recommendations for early childhood education practitioners are provided.

O estudo propõe-se a revisitar os desdobramentos da relação intelectual e poética de Jorge de Sena com Fernando Pessoa, vistos da perspectiva dialética na qual assenta o pensamento seniano. Tendo como principal referência crítica os estudos compilados em Fernando Pessoa & Cª Heterónima (1982), procura-se associar o desenvolvimento das teses de Sena sobre o fingimento pessoano, considerando a sua abordagem evolutiva, com diálogos intertextuais, presentes na poesia de Sena, nos quais se verifica a assimilação criativa e a readaptação da lição deixada pelo poeta modernista {s proposições da poética testemunhal. Trata-se de uma relativização da recusa ao fingimento, expressa por Sena em seu importante Pref|cio (1960) { primeira edição de Poesia-I, por meio da qual se busca conciliar a educação que Sena atribui ao conceito estético de Pessoa com a ressonância dessa consciência no interior de sua poesia. / This study proposes to revisit Jorge de Senas intelectual and poetic relationship with Fernando Pessoa by taking into account the dialectical perspective in which Senas thought is grounded. We take as the main critical reference the studies compiled in Fernando Pessoa & Cª Heterónima (1982), in which the development of Senas theses on Pessoas poetic pretense can be associated with intertextual dialogues present in Senas poetry. In this context, we observe Senas creative assimilation and re-adaptation of the lesson left by the modernist poet into the propositions on what he called the poetics of testimony. This means an attenuation of the refusal of Pessoas poetic pretense, first expressed by the author in his important Preface (1960) to the first edition of Poesia-I, by seeking to reconcile the education that Sena attributes to Pessoas aesthetic concept of pretense with the resonance of this consciousness within his own poetry.

O estudo propõe-se a revisitar os desdobramentos da relação intelectual e poética de Jorge de Sena com Fernando Pessoa, vistos da perspectiva dialética na qual assenta o pensamento seniano. Tendo como principal referência crítica os estudos compilados em Fernando Pessoa & Cª Heterónima (1982), procura-se associar o desenvolvimento das teses de Sena sobre o fingimento pessoano, considerando a sua abordagem evolutiva, com diálogos intertextuais, presentes na poesia de Sena, nos quais se verifica a assimilação criativa e a readaptação da lição deixada pelo poeta modernista {s proposições da poética testemunhal. Trata-se de uma relativização da recusa ao fingimento, expressa por Sena em seu importante Pref|cio (1960) { primeira edição de Poesia-I, por meio da qual se busca conciliar a educação que Sena atribui ao conceito estético de Pessoa com a ressonância dessa consciência no interior de sua poesia. / This study proposes to revisit Jorge de Senas intelectual and poetic relationship with Fernando Pessoa by taking into account the dialectical perspective in which Senas thought is grounded. We take as the main critical reference the studies compiled in Fernando Pessoa & Cª Heterónima (1982), in which the development of Senas theses on Pessoas poetic pretense can be associated with intertextual dialogues present in Senas poetry. In this context, we observe Senas creative assimilation and re-adaptation of the lesson left by the modernist poet into the propositions on what he called the poetics of testimony. This means an attenuation of the refusal of Pessoas poetic pretense, first expressed by the author in his important Preface (1960) to the first edition of Poesia-I, by seeking to reconcile the education that Sena attributes to Pessoas aesthetic concept of pretense with the resonance of this consciousness within his own poetry.

Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) sont des polluants organiques persistants potentiellement mutagènes et cancérigènes. Leur transfert de l'atmosphère vers les écosystèmes, notamment vers les plantes, conditionne leur entrée dans les chaines alimentaires mais les modalités de ce transfert restent encore mal connues. L'objectif de ce travail était donc de caractériser le transfert et d'identifier les effets biologiques des HAP atmosphériques sur un système sol-plante-microorganismes symbiotiques.Un dispositif expérimental a été conçu afin de recréer en laboratoire une pollution atmosphérique par les HAP avec comme HAP modèle le phénanthrène (PHE). Le dispositif a fait l'objet d'une validation et d'une calibration élaborée de manière originale par une double approche mêlant l'expérimental à la simulation mathématique. Les niveaux d'exposition en polluant (150 µg m-3), contrôlés par des échantillonneurs passifs, se sont avérés pertinents par rapport aux conditions in situ. Ce dispositif a donc été utilisé pour exposer durant un mois des microsystèmes sol-plante-microorganismes au PHE par voie atmosphérique.Les différentes études ont mis en évidence un transfert du PHE depuis l'atmosphère vers tous les compartiments du microsystème, avec une accumulation majeure vers les feuilles de trèfle ou de ray-grass (respectivement 170 et 70 µg g־ ¹MS) et un transfert phloémien vers les racines est suggéré. Chez le trèfle, la mycorhization n'a pas été affectée, tandis que le nombre de nodules actifs a diminué de manière significative. Contrairement aux racines, la biomasse aérienne du trèfle a été significativement affectée (environ - 25%) par l'exposition au PHE atmosphérique, suggérant un impact sur le métabolisme carboné de la plante. Une expérience de marquage des trèfles au ¹³C-CO2 a effectivement montré un impact négatif du PHE atmosphérique sur la croissance, l'allocation de biomasse et l'allocation carbonée. Pour conclure, ces études ont permis non seulement de caractériser les effets biologiques et physiologiques des HAP atmosphériques sur les végétaux mais également de proposer l'utilisation du potentiel mycorhizien comme indicateur de pollution atmosphérique par les HAP.

Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) sont des polluants organiques persistants potentiellement mutagènes et cancérigènes. Leur transfert de l’atmosphère vers les écosystèmes, notamment vers les plantes, conditionne leur entrée dans les chaines alimentaires mais les modalités de ce transfert restent encore mal connues. L’objectif de ce travail était donc de caractériser le transfert et d’identifier les effets biologiques des HAP atmosphériques sur un système sol-plante-microorganismes symbiotiques.Un dispositif expérimental a été conçu afin de recréer en laboratoire une pollution atmosphérique par les HAP avec comme HAP modèle le phénanthrène (PHE). Le dispositif a fait l’objet d’une validation et d’une calibration élaborée de manière originale par une double approche mêlant l’expérimental à la simulation mathématique. Les niveaux d’exposition en polluant (150 µg m-3), contrôlés par des échantillonneurs passifs, se sont avérés pertinents par rapport aux conditions in situ. Ce dispositif a donc été utilisé pour exposer durant un mois des microsystèmes sol-plante-microorganismes au PHE par voie atmosphérique.Les différentes études ont mis en évidence un transfert du PHE depuis l’atmosphère vers tous les compartiments du microsystème, avec une accumulation majeure vers les feuilles de trèfle ou de ray-grass (respectivement 170 et 70 µg g־ ¹MS) et un transfert phloémien vers les racines est suggéré. Chez le trèfle, la mycorhization n’a pas été affectée, tandis que le nombre de nodules actifs a diminué de manière significative. Contrairement aux racines, la biomasse aérienne du trèfle a été significativement affectée (environ – 25%) par l’exposition au PHE atmosphérique, suggérant un impact sur le métabolisme carboné de la plante. Une expérience de marquage des trèfles au ¹³C-CO2 a effectivement montré un impact négatif du PHE atmosphérique sur la croissance, l’allocation de biomasse et l’allocation carbonée. Pour conclure, ces études ont permis non seulement de caractériser les effets biologiques et physiologiques des HAP atmosphériques sur les végétaux mais également de proposer l’utilisation du potentiel mycorhizien comme indicateur de pollution atmosphérique par les HAP. / Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic. Transfer from the atmosphere to ecosystems, especially to plants, conditioning their entry into food chains, but the terms of this transfer are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the transfer and identify the biological effects of atmospheric PAHs on soil-plant-symbiotic microorganisms.An experimental device was designed to recreate in the laboratory air pollution with phenanthrene (PHE) as a model PAH. The device was been validated and a calibration developed in an original way by a dual approach combining the experimental mathematical simulation. The levels of exposure to pollutant (150 mg m־³), controlled by passive samplers, were relevant with field conditions. This device has been used to expose a month of the soil-plant micro-organisms in the PHE through the air.Various studies have demonstrated a transfer of PHE from the atmosphere to all compartments of the microsystem, with a major accumulation to leaves in clover or ryegrass (respectively 170 and 70 µg g ־¹ dry weight) and a phloemic transfer to the roots is suggested. In clover, mycorrhization was not affected, while the number of active nodules decreased significantly. Unlike roots, aboveground biomass of clover was significantly affected (approximately – 25%) by exposure to air PHE, suggesting an impact on the carbon metabolism of the plant. A labelling experiment with ¹³C- CO2 in clover has actually shown a negative impact of PHE air on growth, biomass and carbon allocation.In conclusion, these studies have not only characterized the biological and physiological effects of atmospheric PAHs on plants but also proposed the use of mycorrhizal potential as an indicator of air pollution by PAHs.